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International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad References IPCC. 2014. Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA p. 1150. Kemanian, A.R., Stöckle, C.O., Huggins, D.R. and Viega, L.M. 2007. A simple method to estimate harvest index in grain crops. Field Crops Res. 103(3): 208-16. Kim SH, Gitz DC, Sicher RC, Baker JT and Timlin DJ. 2007. Temperature dependence of growth development, and photosynthesis in maize under elevated CO 2. Env. Exp. Bot. 61: 224–236. Vanaja M, Maheswari M, Jyothi Lakshmi N. et al. 2015. Variability in growth and yield response of maize genotypes at elevated CO 2 concentration. Adv. Pl. Agric. Res. 2: 42. T2a-10R-1247 Environment-Friendly Utilization of Basic Slag and Methanotroph to Mitigate Methane Emission in Lowland Rice S. Swain 1,2 *, P. Bhattacharyya 1 , P. Parida 2 , S. R. Padhy 1 , S. P. Parida 1 , S. K. Nayak 1 and A. Das 1 1 Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha-753006, India. 2 Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, Odisha-757001, India. * saubhagyalaxmi36@gmail.com Basic slag is an alkaline waste product produced during the smelting of metal ore in the production of iron and steel and has a high concentration of electron acceptors like free oxides. Global steel production was169.2 million tons in March 2021 (World Steel Association, 2021). India was in second largest steel producer (10 million tons) after China (94.00 million tons) during 2021. So, the vast amounts of slags including basic slags have been also generated that need to be utilized properly (Singh and Rekha, 2020). Reducing, recycling, and reusing of waste is necessary for economic and environmental sustainability (Singh et al., 2013). Basic slag contains a variety of useful components; viz. calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), ferrous oxide (FeO), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3), manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ), free calcium oxide (f-CaO), and free magnesium oxide (f-MgO) (Liu et al., 2019). It can be used as mineral fertilizer (Pang and Yang, 2020) including phosphate and silicon fertilizer. Apart from that it could also be used as soil a 0mendment for reducing GHGs emission from agricultural soils (Singla et al., 2015; Gwon et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2018a; Das et al., 2019). The rate of application of basic slag in soils is also important for regulating methane emission. Iron-free oxides present in slag play a major role in the mitigation of CH4 emissions from paddy soil (Wang et al., 2015). 262 | Page Climate resilient agriculture for risk mitigation
International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad Further, in paddy fields, soil microbial activities are the main factors controlling the production and uptake of CH4 (Conrad 1996). Methanotrophs are aerobic to microaerophilic bacteria, that metabolize and convert methane into carbon-di-oxide by oxidizing up to 90% of the CH4 (Krause et al., 2010; Ma et al., 2013). The root treatment of methanotrophs is an effective option to mitigate the CH 4 emission (Dash et al., 2019). The addition of basic slag and methanotrophs to the rice soil could reduce the CH 4 emissions by affecting the physico-chemical and biological properties of the soil. So, in this study we have evaluated the individual as well as combined effect of the basic slag and methanotrophs on the methane emission in lowland rice to mitigate the GHGs emissions in rice by application of basic slag and methanotroph formulation. Methodology We have conducted the field trial at the experimental farm of ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack, Odisha. There were 8 treatments and 3 replications, and the experimental design was randomized block designing (RBD). The gas and soil samples were collected on critical growth stage (Panicle initiation) of rice with three replications for the estimation of GHGs emissions and soil parameters. The GHGs (CH 4, N 2O, and CO 2) fluxes from the rice ecosystems were estimated continuously at 5-7 days intervals by collecting the gas samples by using the ‘manual close chamber method’ (Bhattacharyya et al., 2013, 2016). The GHGs concentrations were analyzed by using gas chromatography (Model no: Trace 1110 Gas Chromatograph; M/s Thermo). Enzymatic activities and carbon pools were estimated in the laboratory by using standard methods (Nayak et al., 2016). Treatment details: (i) RDF- recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 80:40:40:: N: P 2O 5:K 2O kg ha −1 ; (ii) BS- basic slag (1 t ha -1 ); (iii) BS+MTH (R)- basic slag + methanotroph (root dipbroth)); (iv) BS+MTH (F)- basic slag + methanotroph (formulation as top dressed: acaciabased at 7 days after transplanting (DAT); (v) BS+MTH (R&F)- basic slag + methanotroph (root dip-broth + formulation as top dressed, at 28 DAT; (vi) MTH (R)- methanotroph (root dip-broth); (vii) MTH (F)- methanotroph (formulation as top dressed, at 7 DAT); (viii) MTH (R&F)- methanotroph (root dip-broth + formulation as top dressed, at 28 DAT). Results The soil carbon pools (microbial biomass carbon, readily mineralizable carbon and KMNO 4- C) and enzymatic activities (Dehydrogenase and fluorescein di-acetate) were highest in BS + MTH (R&F) treatments at the panicle initiation (PI) stage in lowland rice ecology. The CH4 emission was lower in slag + methanotroph amendments than other treatments. In rice system, the CH4 fluxes were gradually increased after transplanting and reached at the peak at PI stage, after that gradually decreased towards harvesting period (Figure 1a). The methane emission for the treatment BS+MTH (R&F) was lower in relative to the RDF. The seasonal Climate resilient agriculture for risk mitigation 263 | Page
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Extended Summaries 22-24 December,
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Citation Rama Rao, C.A., Srinivasa
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Resilience through land and water m
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Theme- 2 Ecosystem based approaches
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