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International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad Molden, D., Karen Frenken, Randolph Barker et al. 2007. Trends in water and agricultural development. In Water for food, water for life: A comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture, ed. D. Molden, 56–89. London, UK: Earthscan; and Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute Monica Singh & Sandeep Deshmukh et.al.2022. Gender and livelihood analysis of the tribal farm families. The Pharma Innovation Journal 2022; SP-11(10): 1570-1573 Ranade, D. H., Chourasia, M. C., Gupta, R. K., Upadhyay, M. S. and Nema, R. S. 1995. Integrated approach for increased agricultural productivity in dry land areas of vertisols. Indian J. Soil. Cons., 23 (1): 30-33 Rockström, J., Louise Karlberg, S.P. Wani et al. 2010. Managing water in rainfed agriculture – The need for a paradigm shift. Agri Water Manag. 97:543–550. Resilience through land and water management interventions, water management and governance T1-54P-1755 Application Technologies for Harvested Rainwater in Ponds: Issues and Prospects M. Kumar, R. V. Adake, K. Sammi Reddy and V.K. Singh Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad (PO), Hyderabad-500 059 Rainwater harvesting in farm ponds for supplemental irrigation are considered as an important strategy in present day dryland farming. These are promoted through various development programs as a drought proofing strategy. However, the lifting technologies for the shallow depth farm ponds are rarely discussed. The present paper takes the account of present status of application technologies; describe different prevailing water lifting techniques used in different part of India, discuss issues associated with current water utilization techniques. Rainwater harvesting in farm ponds for supplemental irrigation is an important strategy for stabilizing yields of rainfed crops. Farm ponds are promoted in the integrated watershed programs and under MGNREGS as a drought proofing strategy. More recently, farm ponds are integrated with micro-irrigation programs under the National Horticulture Mission, particularly in states like Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. With continued over-exploitation of groundwater, it is important to use surface water harvested as surplus runoff in dug out ponds, either as standalone resource or in conjunction with groundwater for enhancing water productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Water Harvesting and utilization in agriculture: Indian Experience In view of the agricultural scenario of Indian rural settings, there is a shift in paradigm from ground water recharge to small size surface water harvesting and recycling to agriculture to attain sufficient soil moisture for successful crop production. The intervention of water 137 | Page
International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad harvesting enables to increase the cropping intensity substantially and thus increase farm income. The average productivity of 1.0 t/ha of dryland agriculture could be doubled easily by providing 1 or 2 irrigation. The major impediments in realizing the potential of water harvesting and recycling in dryland agriculture is however, the economical and effective means to lift water and distribute the same at the field. The existing means of lifting pumps is grossly mismatched because its turns to be over designed in view of small size water harvesting ponds (usually of capacity up to 1000 m 3 ). Moreover, the lifting pump depends upon the supply of either electricity or fossil fuels. Thus, the affordability of this means to the small and marginal farmers is a major concern. To avoid the economic liabilities associated with lifting pump and increase the profitability from limited land and climate resources, this class of farmers usually goes for hand watering of crop by fetching water as head load. This consumes lot of time along with physical labour. The present innovation is proved as the economical and efficient alternative to the water lifting and high-pressure requiring irrigation system. The present innovation is a perfect match between the water available and area under command can be extensively used for small scale vegetable production that improve quality of life by means of providing food and nutritional security along with income generation. Issues associated to current water utilization techniques The wastage occurring through storage, conveyance and distribution ultimately result in delivery of 30 to 35 % of stored water for plant uptake (Patil 1988). The traditional flood or ridge and furrow method of irrigating field suffers from numerous problems such as considerable seepage (Moolman 1985, Hodgson et al 1990, Kahlown and Kemper 2004), conveyance and evaporation loss (Singh et al 2006); higher energy cost; lower water productivity; irrigation-induced soil erosion (Gomez et al 2004), and leaching of costly agricultural inputs causing sub-surface water pollution (Humphreys et al 1989). Moreover, this method is supply driven rather than crop-demand driven causing mismatch between need of the crop and the quantity of water supplied. The decrease in the availability of water for agriculture, coupled with the requirement for the higher agricultural productivity, means that there is no option but to improve the water use efficiency. This has to include an efficient utilization of available water which otherwise would evaporate or percolate from the root zone of the soil. The recent advances in irrigation technology have made inroads in the cultivation of vegetables and horticultural crops. The frontier technology of micro-irrigation system not only provides higher water productivity but also minimize the problems associated with the traditional irrigation system. However, these irrigation systems work best with ground water and so its expansion concerns a lot. So there is a need to address the issue of suitable irrigation system for pond water. The issues are 138 | Page Resilience through land and water management interventions, water management and governance
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Extended Summaries 22-24 December,
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Resilience through land and water m
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Resource conservation and rainfed a
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