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International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad Methodology The study was conducted in Bongheri village under the Kultali block of the South 24 Parganas district in West Bengal (Latitude: 22 o 2’3” N to 22 o 3’11” N; Longitude: 88 o 37’5” E to 88 o 38’11” E). Land shaping and crop planning: One-fifth portion of a 0.26 ha plot was excavated to create a farm pond (0.05 ha). The excavated soil was used to raise the remaining plot upto 1-ft height and strengthen the land and pond embankments upto 3-ft height with a top width of 3 ft. Submergence tolerant and short duration (115 days) rice variety Ciherang sub-1 was grown on the elevated land (0.18 ha). Okra (0.01 ha), bittergourd (0.01 ha) and bottlegourd (0.01 ha) were planted on land and pond embankment during kharif (Table 1). In winter, brinjal and chilli were grown on the main field (0.15 ha) and land embankment (0.03 ha), respectively. Cucumber was grown (0.17 ha) in summer. Mixed fish farming was taken up in the pond (0.05 ha). Farmers practice: Traditional rice variety Dudheswar was grown on 0.26 ha plot under medium land situation (1.5 ft water stagnation), during July to November. Lathyrus was sown as paira crop on 0.1 ha area. Data collection: 2019 was considered as “stress year” as it encountered two cyclones (Fani in May and Bulbul in November), intensive rainfall (120 mm and 94 mm), prolonged submergence after transplantation of rice (August), dry spells of more than 10 days (June and July), untimely rain (February and November) and 39% rainfall deficiency in kharif. The data of 2018 was taken as “normal year”. Both the practices (farmers practice and land shaping) were implemented in 15 farmers’ field of 0.26 ha size, separately. Results Land shaping offered scope of multiple cropping to the farmers as the cropping intensity increased to 254%. The elevated terrain became suitable for growing short duration and HYV rice. The vegetables, grown on the raised embankment were saved from prolonged water stagnation during intensive rainfall. The pond rainwater was used for irrigation during dry spells in 2019 and sustaining fishery throughout the year. Assured irrigation also allowed to grow vegetables in winter and summer season. Both during a normal year and stressful weather, the average net income was significantly higher from the land shaping plot in comparison to farmers practice. Even after cyclone Bulbul (November, 2019) the land shaping farmers suffered a minimum crop loss due to timely harvest of their short duration rice and improved drainage. Such farmers could also take up rabi vegetable in time, whereas there was 25-30% loss of rice and 100% loss of lathyrus under farmers practice. Land shaping has been reported to maximize farm income, even during climatic hazards (Rahman et al., 2016). Resilience through land and water management interventions, water management and governance 101 | Page
International Conference on Reimagining Rainfed Agro-ecosystems: Challenges & Opportunities during 22-24, December 2022 at ICAR-CRIDA, Hyderabad Interven tion Farmers practice (0.26 ha) Land shaping plot (0.26 ha) Production and economics of land shaping plot over farmers’ practice (Rs./ 0.26 ha/ year) Weat her Norm al year Stress year Norm al year Stress year Rice: 6.84±0.06* Rice: 5.55±0.13 Production (q) in different season Kharif Rabi Summer Rice: 8.28±0.05 Okra: 1.32±0.01 Bitter gourd: 3.27±0.02 Bottle gourd: 3.05±0.02 Rice: 7.74±0.06 Okra: 1.30±0.01 Bitter gourd: 3.05±0.02 Bottle gourd: 2.04±0.02 Lathyrus: 0.36±0.01 Lathyrus: total crop loss Brinjal: 47.70±0.43 Chilli: 3.12±0.04 Fish: 1.50±0.01 (year-round) Brinjal: 43.08±0.32 Chilli: 2.71±0.03 Fish: 1.42±0.01 (year-round) Fallow Fallow Cucumber: 18.58±0.24 Cucumber: 13.42±0.16 Cost of cultiva tion Gross return Net return B:C ratio 6272±4 1 a 13377±1 16 b 7105±13 9 b 2.13 6015±3 5 a 9990±22 8 a 3975±21 8 a 1.66 50051± 106 b 143130± 891 d 93079±9 31 d 2.92 54420± 150 c 126157± 566 c 71738±5 83 c 2.32 SEm (±) 95.75 529.98 537.49 CD (p=0.05) 273.29 1512.56 1534.01 * Data represents mean of 15 observations ± standard error; abcd Data superscripted with same alphabets within a column are not significantly different at p≤0.05 on the basis of Tukey’s HSD Conclusion Land shaping technology is an effective climate resilient technology for the coastal Sundarbans farming situation. It not only provides additional income to the farm family but also engages the family members in farming, throughout the year, thus reducing chance of migration. References NICRA News. 2011. Land shaping to alleviate Aila effects, Nimpith, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, Monthly e-Newsletter on Climate Resilient Agriculture, Pub. by CRIDA, Hyderabad, 1(3): 7. Rahman, F.H., Ghosh, D., Das, K.S., Mondal, S.K., Pal, P.P. and Roy, S.K. 2016. Monocropped fallow lowlands converted to multiple cropping options, In: NICRA Newsletter: Towards Climate Smart Agriculture, Pub. by ICAR-ATARI Kolkata, 2(2): 7. 102 | Page Resilience through land and water management interventions, water management and governance
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Extended Summaries 22-24 December,
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Citation Rama Rao, C.A., Srinivasa
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Resilience through land and water m
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International Conference on Reimagi
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