2022 Year in Review

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SRI LANKA'SECONOMICCRISISP H O T O : R E U T E R SA N D T H E R O L E P L A Y E D B YF O R E I G N C R E D I T O R SS o n i P o r w a lP H O T O : C H A M I L AK A R U N A R A T H N E / A A PP H O T O : I S H A R A S K O D I K A R A / A F PSri Lanka is facing its worst economic crisissince World War II. This crisis has drivenmillions of people into poverty and is directlyimpeding on their basic human rights due toa shortage of food, medication andelectricity. From April 2022, citizensprotested for months against thegovernment led by former PresidentGotabaya Rajyapaksha. The controversialdrama of the former President fleeing thecountry, resigning and then anotherPresident being appointed exposes thepolitical instability and fails to provide anysolution to the economic crisis.Sri Lanka was considered a ‘donor darling’ inthe decades after independence with arelatively high standard of living, good socialand medical services, an increasing tourismsector and robust economic growth. The civilwar between majority Sinhalese Buddhistsand Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelum startedin the 1980s and dragged on for twodecades, ending in 2009.P A G E 6 0
After the civil war, then President Mahinda Rajyapaksha took out foreign loansfrom both western institutions and China to increase economic growth andattract investors through infrastructure projects. In 2019, Mahinda’s youngerbrother, Gotabaya Rajyapaksha, was elected President. Under his rule, he cuttaxes and banned the use of chemical fertilisers, which affected Sri Lanka’stextile and tea production industries. Furthermore, the 2019 Easter bombingsfollowed by the COVID-19 pandemic hit the tourism industry, which had servedas Sri Lanka’s main source of foreign exchange reserves. The Ukraine-Russia warcaused a shortage in food and fuel supply, which acted as the last blow to thealready crumbling Sri Lankan economy.As of May 2022, Sri Lanka’s debt wasUSD 51 billion after all foreign exchangereserves dried up. In July, inflation roseto an all-time record high of 54.6 percent while food inflation rose 81 percent. Sri Lanka’s sovereign debt ismainly held by China, commercialinstitutes, India and Japan. In 2019, 56per cent of the country’s debt was heldby commercial lenders and privatebanks such as the World Bank and theAsian Development Bank. Chinaindividually holds about 10 per cent ofthe total country’s debt. On top of this,more debt is held by Chinese banksincluding the EXIM Bank of China andthe China Development Bank, whichbrings Sri Lanka’s total debt to China toaround 26 per cent.P A G E 6 1P H O T O : A F P
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Y E A R I N R E V I E WI S S U E N
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While the events of 2022 are testin
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1CONTENTSTHE END OF PUTIN? EXPLORIN
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8 4LEGALISATION OF MARIJUANA IN THA
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P H O T O B Y E V O N U N S P L A S
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Russia's second invasion into Ukrai
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For the Russians, this is an existe
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P H O T O : K L A U S W R I G H T /
Page 18 and 19: P H O T O : J O S H C H R I S T E N
Page 20 and 21: A 2003 report from the Guttmacher I
Page 22 and 23: P A G E 1 2Calvin Lu and Patrick He
Page 24 and 25: Common ProsperityThe concept of ‘
Page 26 and 27: Wang HuningWang Huning’s promotio
Page 28 and 29: P A G E 1 8P H O T O : M A R K U S
Page 30 and 31: Korea are women — one of thehighe
Page 32 and 33: P A G E 2 3P H O T O : T E D D Y O
Page 34 and 35: shied away from angering China by s
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Page 38 and 39: ABE’S FAMILY INFLUENCETwo synonym
Page 40 and 41: P H O T O : K Y O D A / A P I M A G
Page 42 and 43: YDS TeamP A G E 3 3
Page 44 and 45: led calls for an investigation into
Page 46 and 47: B O O K R E V I E WT I D E S T H A
Page 48 and 49: W H A T I S T H E F I R S TN A T I
Page 50 and 51: HOW DID THE VOICE COME ABOUT?The Vo
Page 52 and 53: With the victory of the Australian
Page 54 and 55: P A G E 4 6P H O T O : I R E N E S
Page 56 and 57: Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukra
Page 58 and 59: "FOR BISHKEK AND TASHKENT,THE CKU E
Page 60 and 61: The CKU’s touted benefits have be
Page 62 and 63: Lacking the capacity to self-financ
Page 64 and 65: T H E R E N E W E DD I P L O M A T
Page 66 and 67: Azerbaijan, which received substant
Page 70 and 71: China’s investment in Sri Lanka d
Page 72 and 73: P A G E 6 4P H O T O : Z A C H A R
Page 74 and 75: BALI G20 EASES WORLDTENSIONS AS IND
Page 76 and 77: But the unanimous condemnation of t
Page 78 and 79: MYANMAR IN2022P H O T O : G A Y A T
Page 80 and 81: SANCTIONS AND CHINA IMPLICATIONSThe
Page 82 and 83: AUSTRALIA'S RESPONSEAs mentioned by
Page 84 and 85: P H O T O : P A N G X I N G L E I /
Page 86 and 87: 2Secondly,some of the areas through
Page 88 and 89: should make an effort to effectivel
Page 90 and 91: BBM continuously reframed historica
Page 92 and 93: Neha DaymaCannabis sativa, usually
Page 94 and 95: The reasons behind legalisation can
Page 96 and 97: Bella Baker and Shantelle O'Riordan
Page 98 and 99: INFRASTRUCTURE BILL - THEINFRUSTRUC
Page 100 and 101: BIDEN'S SHORTCOMINGSSOARING INFLATI
Page 102 and 103: P H O T O B Y A N N W A N G / R E U
Page 104 and 105: The possibility of the Americans le
Page 106 and 107: Britain; a move that is not expecte
Page 108 and 109: P A G E 1 0 0Shajara KhanP H O T O
Page 110 and 111: and Quebec were officially proclaim
Page 112 and 113: THE PATH FORWARDAs it stands, recon
Page 114 and 115: Samuel NgLeaping from crisis to cri
Page 116 and 117: Former US President Donald Trumpand
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SUNAK'S HMSBRITANNIA INTOOBLIVIONTh
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T H E N U C L E A RR E N A I S S A
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N U C L E A R A N D G A S E N E R G
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Diane Maria LangelohGERMANY'S INTER
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Stream, which was founded during th
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Evangelia WichmannP A G E 1 2 0P H
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FIRES IN THE AMAZONThis blatant ign
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These indigenous remains, belonging
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The Enduring Influence of Peronism:
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and political sovereignty. Since th
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However, it is clear that for manyA
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IIngrid Escamilla, a 25-year-old, w
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Any legal recognition of femicide i
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OUT WITH THE OLD, IN WITH THENEW: A
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However, an LNG supply deal struck
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spaces, the complete shutdown of li
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PHOTO: PATRICK BAZ / AFPLEBANON IN
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The first hit came from the Global
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W H A T W E R E T H E C I R C U M S
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T H E C H A L L E N G E O FD E M O
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A C O N T R O V E R S I A L R I G H
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HUMAN INSECURITY IN TALIBAN-RULEDAF
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WOMEN'S RIGHTSAlthough child marria
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P A G E 1 5 6P H O T O : A L E X A
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Let us take a look at the Ethiopian
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History plays a vital role in a cou
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P A G E 1 6 2PHOTO: CHINA MERCHANTS
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In 2015, Chinese leader Xi Jinping
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In Tanzania and Kenya, StarTimes ha
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PHOTO: THE ECONOMIST/GETTY IMAGESHo
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The role of the US and the EU in pr
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Isha DesaiP A G E 1 7 2PHOTO: BADA
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SUDANPHOTO: THE INDEPENDENTDemocrac
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STABILITY IN THE REGIONThe union’
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2022 Year in Review

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