2022 Year in Review

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PHOTO: THE ECONOMIST/GETTY IMAGESHow the legacy of colonialismimpacts LGBTQ+ rights in Sub-Saharan AfricaEzekiel DobelskyOf the 69 countries where same-sexrelationships are considered a crime, justunder half are found in Africa. In fourcountries, it is punishable by death, and jailterms can last over a decade in six more.Even in countries which are generallyconsidered respectful of human rights,such as Ghana, members of the LGBTQ+community face criminalisation for theirrelationships.The rhetoric against homosexuality inAfrica is among the most vociferous in theworld, and the dehumanisation of gayAfrican people by their own leaders is notunusual. The stigma surroundinghomosexual relations has massive healthconsequences, and thousands of gayAfrican men die annually due to difficultiesaccessing HIV testing and medicine.P A G E 1 6 8
A 2016 Afrobarometer survey indicatesthat whilst African people are, in general,more tolerant of differing ethnicities andreligious beliefs, this tolerance does notexist for homosexual behaviour. Somecommentators have labelled Africa the‘most homophobic continent’, but this risksignoring the colonial origins of theseattitudes.Why is Africa so homophobic?The prevalence ofhomophobia in Africatraces its roots to thecolonial practices of the19th and 20th centuries.Colonisation enforced thenotion that homosexualbehaviour was immoral,with European empiresimplementinghomophobic legislationand criminal codesthroughout theircolonies. Europeancolonies enacted‘sodomy’ laws that soughtto punish ‘immoral’sexual behaviour.Prior to colonisation, homosexualrelationships were more widely accepted,although there were regions where it wasstill outlawed (such as those with a strongreligious presence).Religious identity is another source ofhomophobia. The major religions in Africa,Christianity and Islam, typically have strongdoctrinal anti-gay stances.P A G E 1 6 9There is discussion of a breakaway in theUnited Methodist Church, with manyAfrican church bodies willing to join a splitwith the central, global body overtolerance to same-sex marriage. TheChristian Association of Nigeria hasthreatened any church that toleratessame-sex relationship with sanctions.States that implement Sharia law (aninterpretation of Islamic religious law),such as Somalia and Sudan, also use thatas justification for homophobic legislation.P H O T O : C N NHomosexual relations arealsofrequentlycharacterised as ‘un-African’. This narrativearguesthathomosexuality wasintroduced to Sub-Saharan Africa by eitherArabs or Europeans, andthat the promotion of gayrights is an attempt fromformer colonial mastersto maintain control over aweak continent. Althoughthis claim has beendisproven, it is commonlyrepeated, especially amongst populistleaders looking to cement votes andpower.Gay Rights as Human RightsConversely, safeguarding the rights ofsame-sex couples has become moreprominent in the West, which has resultedin the occasional and haphazard attemptsat protecting these rights around theworld.
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Y E A R I N R E V I E WI S S U E N
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While the events of 2022 are testin
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1CONTENTSTHE END OF PUTIN? EXPLORIN
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8 4LEGALISATION OF MARIJUANA IN THA
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P H O T O B Y E V O N U N S P L A S
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Russia's second invasion into Ukrai
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For the Russians, this is an existe
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P H O T O : K L A U S W R I G H T /
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P H O T O : J O S H C H R I S T E N
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A 2003 report from the Guttmacher I
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P A G E 1 2Calvin Lu and Patrick He
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Common ProsperityThe concept of ‘
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Wang HuningWang Huning’s promotio
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P A G E 1 8P H O T O : M A R K U S
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Korea are women — one of thehighe
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P A G E 2 3P H O T O : T E D D Y O
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shied away from angering China by s
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P A G E 2 7
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ABE’S FAMILY INFLUENCETwo synonym
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P H O T O : K Y O D A / A P I M A G
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YDS TeamP A G E 3 3
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led calls for an investigation into
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B O O K R E V I E WT I D E S T H A
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W H A T I S T H E F I R S TN A T I
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HOW DID THE VOICE COME ABOUT?The Vo
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With the victory of the Australian
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P A G E 4 6P H O T O : I R E N E S
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Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukra
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"FOR BISHKEK AND TASHKENT,THE CKU E
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The CKU’s touted benefits have be
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Lacking the capacity to self-financ
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T H E R E N E W E DD I P L O M A T
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Azerbaijan, which received substant
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SRI LANKA'SECONOMICCRISISP H O T O
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China’s investment in Sri Lanka d
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P A G E 6 4P H O T O : Z A C H A R
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BALI G20 EASES WORLDTENSIONS AS IND
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But the unanimous condemnation of t
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MYANMAR IN2022P H O T O : G A Y A T
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SANCTIONS AND CHINA IMPLICATIONSThe
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AUSTRALIA'S RESPONSEAs mentioned by
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P H O T O : P A N G X I N G L E I /
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2Secondly,some of the areas through
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should make an effort to effectivel
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BBM continuously reframed historica
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Neha DaymaCannabis sativa, usually
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The reasons behind legalisation can
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Bella Baker and Shantelle O'Riordan
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INFRASTRUCTURE BILL - THEINFRUSTRUC
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BIDEN'S SHORTCOMINGSSOARING INFLATI
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P H O T O B Y A N N W A N G / R E U
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The possibility of the Americans le
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Britain; a move that is not expecte
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P A G E 1 0 0Shajara KhanP H O T O
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and Quebec were officially proclaim
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THE PATH FORWARDAs it stands, recon
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Samuel NgLeaping from crisis to cri
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Former US President Donald Trumpand
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SUNAK'S HMSBRITANNIA INTOOBLIVIONTh
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T H E N U C L E A RR E N A I S S A
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N U C L E A R A N D G A S E N E R G
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Diane Maria LangelohGERMANY'S INTER
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Page 130 and 131: FIRES IN THE AMAZONThis blatant ign
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Page 134 and 135: The Enduring Influence of Peronism:
Page 136 and 137: and political sovereignty. Since th
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Page 140 and 141: IIngrid Escamilla, a 25-year-old, w
Page 142 and 143: Any legal recognition of femicide i
Page 144 and 145: OUT WITH THE OLD, IN WITH THENEW: A
Page 146 and 147: However, an LNG supply deal struck
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Page 154 and 155: W H A T W E R E T H E C I R C U M S
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Page 162 and 163: WOMEN'S RIGHTSAlthough child marria
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Page 166 and 167: Let us take a look at the Ethiopian
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Page 172 and 173: In 2015, Chinese leader Xi Jinping
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Page 178 and 179: The role of the US and the EU in pr
Page 180 and 181: Isha DesaiP A G E 1 7 2PHOTO: BADA
Page 182 and 183: SUDANPHOTO: THE INDEPENDENTDemocrac
Page 184: STABILITY IN THE REGIONThe union’
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2022 Year in Review

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