Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang

I. Scope
dsriing mthods, prsptivs and
In
w oftn us th mtaphor of a lns.
idas
mightsay that languag is a lns through
On
xprin and omprhnd th
whihw
Th languag of our thoughts, for
world.
an influn what w s whn
xampl,
look out th window or witnss a soial
w
Is it possil to look at th world
intration.
this lns? Can w tak off our linguisti
without
and know th world without
sptals
or dos it only tak shap through
languag,
that dfin onpts? If thos words
thwords
in on languag, ut not anothr, do
xist
of diffrnt languags thn s and
spakrs
th world diffrntly? Do thy know
know
worlds?
diffrnt
th 1920s Bnjamin Whorf and Edward
In
th hypothsis that our world
Sapirproposd
ar shapd y th languags w spak.
viws
strngth of this influn rmains opn
Th
trms: Boroditsky
Sarh
shaps th way
languag
prsntr in th linkd vido, Lra
Th
prsnts th viw that languags
Boroditsky,
might languags that us diffrnt
How
of tim, spa, olour or numrs
onpts
Gorg Lakoff and Mark Johnson
Linguists
studid th mtaphors that prvad
hav
sph and rflt and rinfor our
human
attituds and valus. Th authors
prsptivs,
is not unommon among Amrian
whih
spakrs:
had a fight this morning, sh won th
“Thy
y shooting down vry point h
argumnt
points ar right on targt.” (Lakoff,
“His
1980)
Johnson
osrvd that w oftn dsri
Lakoff
using languag appropriat for
argumnts
war, whih shaps how w oniv
disussing
and ngag with argumnt: a vral
of
twn winnrs and losrs, rquiring
attl
and stratgy, attaking and
prparation
and involving angr and/or othr
dfnding,
motions. This framing of argumnt is
strong
from univrsal, though; imagin a mtaphor
far
argumnt as dan, not somthing to won
of
lost, ut rathr with th goal of a plasing,
or
moving prforman.
artisti,
dos not hav to an xris of
This
and you do not hav to rly on
imagination
and Johnson’s viws. You may awar
Lakoff
xampls suh as th Aymara popl of
of
In thir languag, to look ahad mans
Pru.
look at th past, whih is known to us and
to
an s in front of us. Th futur is hind
w
w annot look into somthing that
aus
not yt happnd. You may spak multipl
has
yourslf, or hav prs in lass who
languags
a diffrnt languag from you.If so, hk
spak
and how mtaphors from on languag
whthr
ultur translat into th othr and onsidr
or
insights you gain from ths similaritis
what
impliations of th mtaphors w us do
Th
only onrn ultural insight. A lot of th
not
in aadmi disiplins is also rootd
jargon
mtaphor: lak hols, invasiv spis,
in
onomi ontagion. Ths ar
nuroplastiity,
just ultural rlis: this knowldg, framd
not
mtaphors, is applid in poliy prsriptions,
y
and duation, and politial dat.
training
4
mad.”
“Thy attakd vry xampl I gav.”
to dat.
For discussion
How language shapes the way
we think
w think TED Talk
shap th way w think.
and diffrns.
lad us to rah diffrnt onlusions?
I.2 The role of metaphor
onsidr th xampl of “argumnt as war”,
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