Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang
languag was also usd in th illustration,Bodyan opn hand, and a stan rvalingshowingand moil lims. Immdiatly toflxilwoman’s right, xprssd in inary, is thth8, twn two lins orrspondingnumrhr hight. This illustratd that sh wasto× 21 ntimtrs tall (21 ntimtrs ing8wavlngth).thhyprfinlins and dashs in th lft half of thThar our osmi addrss, with our sunplaquth ntr and th lins stiking out radiallyinrlativ distans and dirtionsindiatingknown pulsars (rapidly rotating nutrontothat srv as osmi lighthouss), alongstarsthir priods (th intrvals twnwithursts) in inary form. Thltromagntilast signal from the Pioneer 10 spacecraft wasTheon January 22, 2003; NASA reported that thereceivedsource had depleted. Although the spacecraft canpowerlonger speak to us, it presses onward—it now speaksnous. As interstellar courier, it bears the accumulatedforof every human, transcribed in, perhaps, the onlyvoicelanguage in all the cosmos. We are but cosmiccommonjust learning how to take our rst steps intotoddlers10 remains more than just a ghost of a ship, andPioneerplaque is more than a shout into the void … .thefrom such a mission—one that spans space,Bornand perhaps, civilizations—is a new mindset, antime,beings were to emerge, we know not their anatomyIfbiology nor psychology, their physical traits, theirnorqustion of how w an known yThaross tim and spa, is a ommonanothr,among humans. Languagproupationan ssntial doul funtion as aprformsof knowldg as wll as a vhil tostorthat knowldg. In th as of spokntransfrthis an ahivd through anlanguags,Oral Tradition. Writtn languag,unintrruptdof pulsars hangs ovr tim and so thpriodats as a kind of timstamp in th agplaquth univrs. To larify our addrss furthr,ofsolar systm’s plants ar shown in ordr atourottom of th plaqu, with thir distansthth sun in inary. Takn togthr, thisfromats lik a uniqu osmi thumprintinformationour solar systm aus, apparntly, in thofWay, it alon fits ths haratristisMilkyon th plaqu.displaydth vast mptinss of spa, it is xtrmlyGivnthat Pionr 10 will intrptd yunliklyalin intllign. Evn if that nvr happns,anit was rtainly not a wast of tim orhowvr,as it profoundly galvanizd our thinkingffortlanguag and idntity.aoutdisposition; more or less, we are blind to everytheirof their species. They could be dierent in everyaspectways we have yet to understand or couldway—inimagine. We make numerous assumptions aboutevenlife is and what life is not—educated guesseswhato a sample size of one. But if, in some form orbasedadvanced consciousness arises elsewhere inanother,cosmos, it is possible that those beings will wonder,thewe did: What are the lights in the sky? Where did theascome from? What else is out there? Who elseplanetsout there? They may compile a system of knowledgeisthe cosmos and the laws that govern it; we call thisofAbout this hypothetical species, we know but‘science.’thing: the science they develop—the natural lawsonediscover—if they were to do so, would be exactlytheysame as our own. Science speaks to all of us in athelavs a matrial rord sparathowvr,whovr produd it, whih an travlfromand surviv duraly. Blow, wdistansth knottd thrads lft hind yonsidrInas, how and whthr ths prform ththof languag and what thy man infuntionsI. ScopeI. Scopeplaqu ommuniats tim as wll, sin thspace, and just learning how to speak to the universe … .otherworldly perspective. …way nothing ever has … .sensory capabilities, their intellectual sophistication,(Rosenthal 2016)trms of knowldg.89
I. Scopelanguags ar only on spifiHumanof th human and othr-than-humanxamplcondent can we be in our ability to learnHowthe narrative khipus, when they are soaboutdierent from our understandings ofradicallyWe are trained from an earlycommunication?that mathematics and language are twoageworlds. The Incas, however, collapseddiscreteinto a three-dimensional construct—anthemof civilizational complexity in theachievementasn of a writtn Ina languag has longThsholars aus Ina soity hadonfounddth othr faturs—inrdil arhittur,alluranization, govrnan and soialthnology,wr ommon to larg-salsystms—thatin Egypt, China, Msopotamia,ivilizationsand Cntral Amria. Only th InaMxioto lak a writtn languag. Thy usdappardarrangmnt of knottd strings, knownankhipu or quipu, rsmling a fari aaus,asto kp a numrial rord ofprsumalyand dmographi information. Thatrsourshowvr, until sholars ralizd that khipuswas, a form of 3D writing.maygrowing ody of rsarh suspts thatAould hav rordd not just numrskhipusnarrativs of th Ina Empir “inludingutstoris, and vn anint philosophis”nams,Urton 2018). If so, th mthod would(Mdrano,ntirly diffrnt from any known sripts, asusd not symols ut a 3D inary od moritto th languag of omputrs. KhipussimilarIs thr any knowldg that annot 2.through languag, and if sotransfrrdWhat might xampls of knowldg that3.only transfrrd through languag?anth oarsnss of diffrnt animalxampl,and faris usd), spin dirtion, olourhairsth rlativ plamnt and shap of knots.and(th knot makrs, or “writrs”)Khipukamayuqsinformation using ths tools in a systmoddmay hav n rad throughout th mpir.thatif w disount, tmporarily, th possiilityEvnkhipus ontain narrativ information, ththatof ounting in knots is still radial.onpthuman ings larn to ount yModrnpils of physial ojts, suh as toysmakingloks, thn prod to ount with fingrsandthn symols. As Gary Urton nots, thandsymol for 7 dos not intuitivly lookEnglishsvn of anything, ut th khipu odlik7 was a knot mad y wrapping stringforitslf to mak svn loops. With allaroundvarials at thir disposal—txtur, spin,thand knot strutur—Urton stimatsolourth khipukamayuqs had ovr 1500 “words”thatthir “voaulary”—far mor than Sumrianinsigns or Egyptian hiroglyphs.uniform4For reflectionThe role of language in knowledgeaility to ommuniat.what would an xampl?1. Is languag ssntial to knowldg?Box 4.1: Inca writingsform of narrative cords.(Medrano, Urton 2018)Figure 4.2 Khipu knotsommuniat information through txtur (for90
- Page 45 and 46: II. Perspectiveshe adds, ‘It wasn
- Page 47 and 48: II. Perspectivesargued that interne
- Page 49 and 50: II. Perspectivesmedia users report
- Page 51 and 52: III. Methods and toolsLorde said yo
- Page 53 and 54: III. Methods and toolsShould we tes
- Page 55 and 56: III. Methods and toolsend of the po
- Page 57 and 58: III. Methods and toolsIV. Ethicsthe
- Page 59 and 60: IV. Ethicsoffence enters the pictur
- Page 61 and 62: IV. Ethicsenabled by technology. Pr
- Page 63 and 64: IV. Ethicsa 2018 article for the Ne
- Page 65 and 66: Knowledgeand technology 3does it me
- Page 67 and 68: I. Scopereach of human-made objects
- Page 69 and 70: I. Scopeterms:SearchSubmarineTelege
- Page 71 and 72: section explores what we know about
- Page 73 and 74: 3.5a shows Margaret Hamilton,Figure
- Page 75 and 76: II. Perspectivesterms: How weSearch
- Page 77 and 78: the challenges outlined in the disc
- Page 79 and 80: 2013 a team of researchers publishe
- Page 81 and 82: III. Methods and toolsAccuracy (sel
- Page 83 and 84: that object is a black hole, from w
- Page 85 and 86: IV. Ethicsand when those who stand
- Page 87 and 88: are instances in which the“[There
- Page 89 and 90: example of ethical action amongAnoc
- Page 91 and 92: IV. Ethics(using 840 billion words
- Page 93 and 94: is trained on data sets. It is this
- Page 95: I. Scopehaptr vnturs yond languags
- Page 99 and 100: I. Scopedsriing mthods, prsptivs an
- Page 101 and 102: II. Perspectivesthat 90% will disap
- Page 103 and 104: no longr spokn, this knowldg may ar
- Page 105 and 106: II. PerspectivesEmpir and postwar A
- Page 107 and 108: II. Perspectivesin th pross. At th
- Page 109 and 110: origin of languag—how did w as hu
- Page 111 and 112: Garia Marquz appars oftn onGarillis
- Page 113 and 114: plants, insts and animals ommuniatD
- Page 115 and 116: III. Methods and toolstrms: Tahing
- Page 117 and 118: IV. Ethicsontain parls of wisdom, s
- Page 119 and 120: I. Scopesocieties have diverse idea
- Page 121 and 122: only since 2019, their claims to be
- Page 123 and 124: I. ScopeII. Perspectivesthe contour
- Page 125 and 126: became clear only decadespreservati
- Page 127 and 128: does it mean to think of land as a
- Page 129 and 130: II. Perspectivesof the original nat
- Page 131 and 132: Wilson, who is Opaskwayak Cree,Shaw
- Page 133 and 134: I ranted in my head. ‘There is no
- Page 135 and 136: we consider the contributions of TE
- Page 137 and 138: an authority and belief system that
- Page 139 and 140: III. Methods and toolsand mutual ai
- Page 141 and 142: IV. Ethicsthe only thing one can do
- Page 143 and 144: IV. Ethicsintellectual property has
- Page 145 and 146: 6andKnowledgereligionworld’s reli
languag was also usd in th illustration,
Body
an opn hand, and a stan rvaling
showing
and moil lims. Immdiatly to
flxil
woman’s right, xprssd in inary, is th
th
8, twn two lins orrsponding
numr
hr hight. This illustratd that sh was
to
× 21 ntimtrs tall (21 ntimtrs ing
8
wavlngth).
thhyprfin
lins and dashs in th lft half of th
Th
ar our osmi addrss, with our sun
plaqu
th ntr and th lins stiking out radially
in
rlativ distans and dirtions
indiating
known pulsars (rapidly rotating nutron
to
that srv as osmi lighthouss), along
stars
thir priods (th intrvals twn
with
ursts) in inary form. Th
ltromagnti
last signal from the Pioneer 10 spacecraft was
The
on January 22, 2003; NASA reported that the
received
source had depleted. Although the spacecraft can
power
longer speak to us, it presses onward—it now speaks
no
us. As interstellar courier, it bears the accumulated
for
of every human, transcribed in, perhaps, the only
voice
language in all the cosmos. We are but cosmic
common
just learning how to take our rst steps into
toddlers
10 remains more than just a ghost of a ship, and
Pioneer
plaque is more than a shout into the void … .
the
from such a mission—one that spans space,
Born
and perhaps, civilizations—is a new mindset, an
time,
beings were to emerge, we know not their anatomy
If
biology nor psychology, their physical traits, their
nor
qustion of how w an known y
Th
aross tim and spa, is a ommon
anothr,
among humans. Languag
proupation
an ssntial doul funtion as a
prforms
of knowldg as wll as a vhil to
stor
that knowldg. In th as of spokn
transfr
this an ahivd through an
languags,
Oral Tradition. Writtn languag,
unintrruptd
of pulsars hangs ovr tim and so th
priod
ats as a kind of timstamp in th ag
plaqu
th univrs. To larify our addrss furthr,
of
solar systm’s plants ar shown in ordr at
our
ottom of th plaqu, with thir distans
th
th sun in inary. Takn togthr, this
from
ats lik a uniqu osmi thumprint
information
our solar systm aus, apparntly, in th
of
Way, it alon fits ths haratristis
Milky
on th plaqu.
displayd
th vast mptinss of spa, it is xtrmly
Givn
that Pionr 10 will intrptd y
unlikly
alin intllign. Evn if that nvr happns,
an
it was rtainly not a wast of tim or
howvr,
as it profoundly galvanizd our thinking
ffort
languag and idntity.
aout
disposition; more or less, we are blind to every
their
of their species. They could be dierent in every
aspect
ways we have yet to understand or could
way—in
imagine. We make numerous assumptions about
even
life is and what life is not—educated guesses
what
o a sample size of one. But if, in some form or
based
advanced consciousness arises elsewhere in
another,
cosmos, it is possible that those beings will wonder,
the
we did: What are the lights in the sky? Where did the
as
come from? What else is out there? Who else
planets
out there? They may compile a system of knowledge
is
the cosmos and the laws that govern it; we call this
of
About this hypothetical species, we know but
‘science.’
thing: the science they develop—the natural laws
one
discover—if they were to do so, would be exactly
they
same as our own. Science speaks to all of us in a
the
lavs a matrial rord sparat
howvr,
whovr produd it, whih an travl
from
and surviv duraly. Blow, w
distans
th knottd thrads lft hind y
onsidr
Inas, how and whthr ths prform th
th
of languag and what thy man in
funtions
I. Scope
I. Scope
plaqu ommuniats tim as wll, sin th
space, and just learning how to speak to the universe … .
otherworldly perspective. …
way nothing ever has … .
sensory capabilities, their intellectual sophistication,
(Rosenthal 2016)
trms of knowldg.
89