Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang

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Knowledgeand language 4a grat xtnt, human ings ar knowledgeable aus of our apaity for languag. W usToand onpts to dsri and xplain th world, and to pass on this knowldg arosslanguagand gographis. Th world's languags ar an immns olltion of divrs prsptivstimdiffrnt ways of knowing and ing. This haptr xplors how w oniv of languag, itsandfuntions, and its possil uss and misuss.Initial discussion• Is knowledge possible without language?• What kind of knowledge is knowing how to use a language?• How do we know what we claim to know about language?• How can we balance the benefits of a single global shared language against the costs of losing languages in aglobalizing world?• Do we have a moral responsibility to protect and preserve linguistic diversity?87
I. Scopehaptr vnturs yond languags suh asThisHindi or Mandarin to onsidr languagEnglish,roadly onivd, from th Pionr plaqumorfor xtratrrstrial intlligns, to thwrittnspeak nearly seven thousand languages,Humanswith multiple dialects. The countless othersomeon Earth communicate with innumerablyspeciesnearly all of which we have, thus far, failed tomore,… . Human languages are products ofunderstandminds, and thereby, can be understood byhumanminds, by means of human senses—sight,humantouch. How could we begin to imagine ansound,language if we cannot imagine withextraterrestrialsenses the beings communicate? They may notwhatvocal chords with which they produce soundshaveears with which they capture them. So we mustoron universally-understood concepts, and deviserelycommunication method neither specic to locationaspecies nor world. Perhaps, the only similaritynorour species is the universe in which we bothbetweenThus, the language we are most likely to share islive.study of the universe itself: science. The result oftheth Pionr 10 sparaft was launhdWhnspa in 1972, it arrid a mssag forintointlligns yond th solarxtratrrstrialA fw thinkrs in this ara, inludingsystm.Salzman Sagan, Carl Sagan and FrankLindawr taskd with rafting a mssag thatDrak,omprhnsil to xtratrrstrials. Whatwasths thinkrs say? How would thy sayit?wouldwidly agrd upon ida at th tim, dsridAan artil y Jak Rosnthal, was that sininth univrsal languag. To what xtnt dowasagr? What assumptions undrpin thatyouIf you had to dsign a mssag for alins,laim?would you want on your tam to hlp youwhoit and what kinds of knowldg would youdofor th task?ndknots usd y th Inas, to digital odKhiputh 3D undrwatr songs of whals. Whatandw know through languag and how do wanwhat w know aout it?knowsymoli mssag on th Pionr plaquTha standard of distan and timommuniatdhydrogn, th most aundant lmnt inusingunivrs and, assumdly, th most likly atomth studid y wll-informd xtratrrstrials.tostandard was thn usd to ommuniatThisonpts. For xampl, th ltromagntimorrlasd y a hydrogn atom duringradiationis alld th hyprfin transition has awhatof aout 21 ntimtrs and a wavwavlngthof 0.7 sonds; ths wr usd as unitspriodspa and tim in th plaqu. A small markofth hydrogn atoms on th top lft of thtwnshows that distan and tim valusillustration4I . S C O P EFigure 4.1 Illustration on the Pioneer plaque written forextraterrestrial intelligencesthis conclusion was the Pioneer Plaque.(Rosenthal 2016)I.1 A limitless languagehav n st in inary.88
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THEORY OFO X F O R D I B D I P L O
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University Press is a department of
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ContentsCORE THEMEOPTIONAL THEMESiv
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lucky circumstance brings you to th
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I. Scopecan seem abstract, intimida
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I. Scopeis complicated by power and
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I. ScopeWhat factors limit our know
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I. ScopeII. PerspectivesTOK we exam
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II. Perspectivesmay have inherited
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II. Perspectivesto Quassim Cassam,
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III. Methods and toolsterms: NYT Ne
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III. Methods and toolsof it? What m
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III. Methods and toolsIV. Ethics(b)
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IV. Ethicsin TOK is about the explo
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Knowledgeand politics 2is concerned
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I. Scopehas been great concern, esp
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I. Scopeadministrative systems, had
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I. Scopethis book we engage with th
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II. Perspectives“Overton window
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II. Perspectivesopposed to scientif
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II. Perspectivesobjective “fact o
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Page 57 and 58: III. Methods and toolsIV. Ethicsthe
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Page 65 and 66: Knowledgeand technology 3does it me
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Page 85 and 86: IV. Ethicsand when those who stand
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Page 89 and 90: example of ethical action amongAnoc
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Page 93: is trained on data sets. It is this
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Page 109 and 110: origin of languag—how did w as hu
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Page 129 and 130: II. Perspectivesof the original nat
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Page 135 and 136: we consider the contributions of TE
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6andKnowledgereligionworld’s reli
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I. Scopejudicial, economic, and pol
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I. Scopein his view, involves this
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I. Scopekinds of questions altogeth
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II. Perspectivespractices of the cu
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religious knowledge lose something,
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what extent can we comprehend the w
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II. Perspectivesone, it allows stra
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the context of perspectives, it is
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view has been criticized for being
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David Thoreau was a naturalist, wri
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III. Methods and toolsdisasters are
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IV. Ethicswe have an ethical respon
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IV. EthicsSinger described conseque
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IV. Ethics1962, generals seized pow
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recent human activity called scienc
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II. Perspectivessection explores th
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II. Perspectivessaid to be in crisi
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II. PerspectivesNewton’s theory?
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II. Perspectives19th century reveal
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II. PerspectivesWhat are some scien
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II. Perspectivesof Duesberg’s pap
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II. Perspectivesis a highly simplif
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II. Perspectivesterms: Symphony ofS
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II. Perspectivesorigin story of gen
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II. Perspectivestechnical debates i
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II. Perspectivesfar this section ha
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II. Perspectivesthe kind of problem
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III. Methods and toolsthe scientifi
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III. Methods and toolsunrecognized
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III. Methods and toolshas a number
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III. Methods and toolsthe link to t
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IV. Ethicswas the wartime head of t
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IV. Ethicsan essential, imperfect a
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8Human scienceschapter is about the
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I. Scopeof an idea or theory coming
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I. Scopecentral cause of the profes
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I. Scopeidea of describing society
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who had been placed at the ‘lower
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explore perspectives on the existen
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II. Perspectivesallegations of scie
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we look at the simplifications that
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II. PerspectivesIII. Methods and to
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III. Methods and toolslack of diver
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III. Methods and toolssensitivity
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III. Methods and toolsMargaret Mead
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III. Methods and toolstheir presenc
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III. Methods and toolstold Mahbub,
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III. Methods and toolsY. Thinley, a
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III. Methods and toolsis the scope
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III. Methods and toolssignificant c
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III. Methods and toolsIV. Ethics7 d
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IV. Ethicschange … brings togethe
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last example brings together ideas
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to show it how it was.” This was
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I. Scope7 raises the question of wh
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I. Scopeis more than a matter of po
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II. Perspectivesqustion w xplord in
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was not alon in rflting dply aoutCa
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II. Perspectiveshistorial ontxt, ut
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of Yugoslavia and th Sovit Union;ra
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II. Perspectivesor indpndnt shools
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III. Methods and toolswith an intrs
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III. Methods and toolshistorian, jo
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III. Methods and toolsinstad of oth
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III. Methods and toolsmonks and lrg
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III. Methods and toolsh had n ordrd
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III. Methods and toolswould naiv,
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IV. Ethicsin Chaptr 5. Grgory Young
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IV. Ethicsis filld with xtraordinar
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10chapter explores the human encoun
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I. Scopethe historical development
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I. Scopehas the status of women art
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I. ScopeTruth and knowledge in art:
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I. Scopeterms: ElizabethSearchDesir
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II. Perspectivesby Vermeer were rar
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II. Perspectiveswas one thing van M
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II. Perspectivesare found in the br
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II. Perspectivesterms: CNN Business
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II. Perspectivesof the time, to dra
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II. Perspectivesthe last few hundre
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II. Perspectivesafter that date, bu
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II. Perspectiveshave been examples
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II. PerspectivesIII. Methods and to
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III. Methods and tools1. Is having
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III. Methods and toolsThe rst thing
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III. Methods and toolscan be deeply
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IV. Ethicsmay notice that many know
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IV. Ethicsartist’s intent to conf
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IV. Ethicsor moral boundaries of th
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IV. Ethicsfact that people far away
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IV. Ethicsterms: NorthrupSearchtrue
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I. Scopemathmatis arris an aura ofN
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I. Scopeof th arly xampls of this
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II. Perspectivesof mathmatial knowl
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II. Perspectivesonpts an appar so s
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II. Perspectivesdid th st minds of
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II. Perspectiveswrits that long for
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II. Perspectivesognitiv nurosintist
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II. Perspectivesprptuat inquality o
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III. Methods and toolsonsidr two on
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III. Methods and toolsproofs wr rit
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III. Methods and tools10 features a
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III. Methods and toolsmathmatis is
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III. Methods and toolswritrs of The
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IV. Ethicsthat “I hav nvr don any
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IV. Ethicsold adag, widly itd and o
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IV. Ethicswll-puliisd figur of 1 in
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IV. EthicsMathematics. Th artil prs
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I. THE EXHIBITIONquestions are ques
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I. THE EXHIBITION11. Can new knowle
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I. THE EXHIBITIONa new subject can
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I. THE EXHIBITIONthat objects do no
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I. THE EXHIBITIONyou describe them,
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I. THE EXHIBITIONdoubt, and a tweet
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II. THE ESSAYother way you demonstr
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II. THE ESSAYwhat extent do the con
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II. THE ESSAYAnother weak approach
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II. THE ESSAYto present the conclus
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as unspoken and unspeakable truthsa
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otherwise by measuring differentlyk
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J. 2017. “The Triage of Truth: Do
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H. 2017. “Cambridge Analytica, Tr
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Human Rights and Equal Opportunitie
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K. 2006b. “Leila Ahmed Muslim Wom
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HSD, Freeman, C, Jahoda, M, Pavitt,
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W. 2012. “Ethics and Historical R
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PJ, Hammel, EA and O’Connell, JW.
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Campbell and Justin Friesen: ‘Why
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Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang

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