Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang

IV. Ethics
offence enters the picture, it can be
When
to continue a dialogue between
challenging
perspectives. But what does it mean
different
something to be offensive in the context of
for
these two op-eds regarding an
Consider
at a local board of education. When
incident
“offensive” about showing disrespect, and
is
is it about causing harm?
when
terms: Kaleem Caire
Search
need to learn
Children
terms: Respectability
Search
urgent challenges in
politics
Does calling for respect reduce the power
1.
marginalized groups to challenge the
of
Is the politics of respectability a way for
2.
in power to maintain power and
those
the strategies of those who
discredit
them? Or is mutual respect
challenge
for effective dialogue and
necessary
with differences in perspective?
engaging
Disrupting politics with
IV.2
technology
psychographic
following quote is from Alexander Nix, CEO
The
Cambridge Analytica.
of
just put information into the bloodstream to the
We
and then watch it grow, give it a little push
internet
now and again over time to watch it take shape.
every
so this stu inltrates the online community and
And
but with no branding—so it’s unattributable,
expands
untrackable.
quoted by UK television station
(Nix
4 in 2018)
Channel
3, III.2 considers the research of
Chapter
Kosinski, David Stillwell and Thore
Michal
of the Cambridge Psychometric Centre.
Graepel
researchers’ findings from a 2013 study
The
that a person’s personality traits could
suggested
predicted using their Facebook Likes and
be
follow-up 2015 study by Kosinski, Stillwell
a
Wu Youyou suggested that an artificial
and
(AI) could use Likes to predict
intelligence
individual’s personality more accurately
an
even close friends and family. Eventually
than
research earned the attention of Strategic
their
Laboratories (SCL) and
Communications
subsidiary Cambridge Analytica, both of
its
were heavily implicated in attempting
which
influence the 2016 US Presidential election
to
the UK’s Brexit referendum. Indeed in
and
Alexander Nix, then CEO of Cambridge
2016,
are thrilled that our revolutionary approach
We
data-driven communication has played
to
an integral part in President-elect Trump’s
such
extraordinarywin.
Analytica claimed to use personality
Cambridge
to analyse voters’ behaviour, values
data
opinions, and then send them tailored
and
to nudge them in the direction of
advertising
Analytica’s client. This was called
Cambridge
It was not a new practice;
microtargeting.
political observers noted that it had been
some
effectively in Obama’s 2012 campaign.
used
refers to the process of analysing
Microtargeting
to predict the behaviour, interests and
data
held by specific groups of people and
opinions
serving them messages they are likely to
then
was new about Cambridge Analytica and
What
was how much data they had and what
SCL
claimed to be doing with it. Alexander Nix,
they
former CEO of Cambridge Analytica and
the
former director of SCL, has claimed that the
a
profiles of some two-hundred-and-twenty
data
2
For discussion
What is offensive?
politics and justice?
respect
Analytica, exclaimed the following.
madison schools
status quo?
(Nix quoted in Ahmed 2018)
respond to.
million Americans were kept by SCL, and that
52