Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang
C. 2016. “How Bernie Sanders Became the Lord ofDewey,Memes’”. 23 February 2016. https://www.wash-‘Dankingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/02/23/how-bernie-sanders-became-the-lord-of-dank-memes/E and Blank, G. 2018. “The Echo Chamber isDubois,The Moderating Eect of Political Interest andOverstated:Media”. Information, Communication & Society. VolDiversenumber 5. Pp 729–745.21,RS. 2014. “The Danger of Fair and Balanced”.Eshelman,Journalism Review. 1 May 2014. https://archives.ColumbiaS, Goel, S and Rao, JM. 2016. “Filter Bubbles,Flaxman,Chambers, and Online News Consumption”. PublicEchoK, De Francisci Morales, G, Gionis, A and Mathioudakis,Garimella,M. 2018. “Political Discourse on Social Media:Chambers, Gatekeepers, and the Price of Bipartisanship”.EchoIn “WWW 2018: The 2018 Web Conference, April2018”. New York, USA. ACM. https://arxiv.org/23–27,pdf/1801.01665.pdfA, Nyhan, B and ReiÁer, J. 2018. “Selective ExposureGuess,to Misinformation: Evidence from the ConsumptionFake News During the 2016 US Presidential Campaign”.ofEuropean Research Council. P 1.ED. 2015. Hacking the Electorate: How CampaignsHersh,Voters. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge UniversityPerceiveK. 2016. “Blame the Echo Chamber onHosanagar,But Blame Yourself too”. 25 November 2016.Facebook.J. 2017. “How to Fight Fake News in aKestler-D’Amours,Truth Environment”. 24 April 2017. www.aljazeera.Posthttps://www.wired.com/2016/11/facebook-echo-chamber/com/indepth/features/2017/03/Àght-fake-news-posttruth-environment-170327162945897.htmlM, Stillwell, D and Graepel, T. 2013. “PrivateKosinski,and Attributes are Predictable from Digital RecordsTraitsHuman Behavior”. Proceedings of the National Academy ofofof the United States of America. Vol 110, number 15.SciencesGuin, UK. 2004. The Wave in the Mind. Boston, MASS,LeShambhala Publications.USA.S, Pilditch, TD, Madsen, JK, Oreskes, NLewandowsky,Risbey JS. 2019. “InÁuence and Seepage: An Evi-andMinority can Aect Public Opinion anddence-resistantBelief Formation”. Cognition. Vol 188. Pp 124–ScientiÀcJ. 2017. “The Reclusive Hedge-Fund TycoonMayer,the Trump Presidency”. 17 March 2017. www.Behindwere-not-in-a-post-fact-era/newyorker.com/magazine/2017/03/27/the-reclusivehedge-fund-tycoon-behind-the-trump-presidencyA. 2017. Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars fromNagle,and Tumblr to Trump and the Alt-Right. Alresford,4ChanScientist. 2016. “Free Speech has met Social Media,NewRevolutionary Results”. 1 June 2016. www.newscien-withtist.com/article/mg23030763-000-free-speech-has-met-so-cial-media-with-revolutionary-results/B. 2018. “Fake News and Bots may be Worrisome,Nyhan,their Political Power is Overblown”. 13 February 2018.butE. 2011. The Filter Bubble: What the Internet is HidingPariser,You. New York, USA. Penguin Books.FromP. 2012. “Broadcast News is Losing its BalancePreston,the Post-truth Era”. 9 September 2012. https://www.inwell-speech-transcript/theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/09/post-truth-politics-us-broadcastingLT. 1999. Decolonizing Methodologies. London, UK.Smith,Books. ZedF. 2019. “The Crisis of Epistemology andStalder,Institutions of Learning” in The New Alphabet.New139.A. 2016. “No, We’re Not in a ‘Post-fact’ Era”.Mantzarlis,July 2016. www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2016/no-212016. “Yes, I’d Lie To You”. 10 September 2016.Economist.www.economist.com/brieÀng/2016/09/10/yes-id-lie-toyoucjr.org/essay/the_danger_of_fair_and_balance.phpHampshire, UK. Zero Books.Times. 2019. “India: The WhatsApp Election”.Financialwww.ft.com/content/9fe88fba-6c0d-11e9-a9a5-351eeaef6d84Opinion Quarterly. Vol 80, number S1. P 298.A. 2016. “How Big Data Got the Better of DonaldNix,11 February 2016. www.campaignlive.co.uk/arti-Trump”.cle/big-data-better-donald-trump/1383209www.nytimes.com/2018/02/13/upshot/fake-news-andbots-may-be-worrisome-but-their-political-power-is-over-blown.htmlG. 2017. “The Myth of Post-Truth Politics”. 20Gillett,2017. https://georgegillett.com/2017/04/20/the-Aprilmyth-of-post-truth-politics/B. 2017. Transcript of Farewell Speech. 11 JanuaryObama,http://time.com/4631007/president-obama-fare-2011.Press.M. “War on Truth”. 18 February 2019. www.alja-Ressa,zeera.com/programmes/witness/2019/02/maria-ressa-war-truth-190214144801371.htmlD. 2018. “The Myth of the Online EchoRobson,17 April 2018. www.bbc.com/future/sto-Chamber”.ry/20180416-the-myth-of-the-online-echo-chamberPp 5802–5805.R. 2017. “Post-truth? It’s Pure Nonsense”. 10 JuneScruton,www.spectator.co.uk/2017/06/post-truth-its-pure-2017.nonsense/https://www.hkw.de/mediathek/hkw/_default/assets/000/071/065/71065_download_the-new-alphabet-opening-days-pr_sxymtt.pdf
H. 2017. “Cambridge Analytica, Trump, and theTworek,Old Fear of Manipulating the Masses”. 15 May 2017.NewKP and Parti, T. 2015. “Cruz Partners with Donor’sVogel,Firm”. Politico. 7 July 2015. www.politico.‘Psychographic’www.niemanlab.org/2017/05/cambridge-analyticatrump-and-the-new-old-fear-of-manipulating-the-masses/com/story/2015/07/ted-cruz-donor-for-data-119813#ixzz3zR4A2d8US, Roy, D and Aral, S. 2018. “The Spread of TrueVosoughi,False News Online”. Science. Vol 359, number 6380. PpandJ. 2018. “Cambridge Analytica: Can TargetedWakeÀeld,Online Ads Really Change a Voter’s Behaviour?” 302018. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-43489408MarchP. 2016. “The British Data-crunchers Who Say TheyWood,Donald Trump to Win”. 3 December 2016. www.Helpedtics/2005/09/psy-ops-propaganda-goes-mainstream.htmlspectator.co.uk/2016/12/the-british-data-crunchers-whosay-they-helped-donald-trump-to-win/Y, Kosinski, M and Stillwell, D. 2015. “ComputersWu,Personalities Better Than Humans”. Proceedings ofJudgeNational Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.theVol 112, number 4. Pp 1036–1040.Understanding State-Sponsored Trolls on TwitterWarfare:Their InÁuence on the Web”. 4 March 2019. https://andT, Chang, KW, Zou, J, Saligrama, V and Kalai,Bolukbasi,2016. “Man is to Computer Programmer as Woman isA.Homemaker? Debiasing Word Embeddings”. 21 Julytohttps://arxiv.org/abs/1607.065202016.P. 2016 . “Tay, The Neo-Nazi Millennial Chatbot,Bright,Autopsied”. 26 March 2016. https://arstechnica.Getstruth-about-post-truth-politics/com/information-technology/2016/03/tay-the-neo-nazi-millennial-chatbot-gets-autopsied/J. 2018. “Gender Shades”. http://gendershades.org/Buolamwini,A, Bryson, JJ and Narayanan, A. 2017. “SemanticsCaliskan,Derived Automatically from Language Corpora Con-Human-like Biases”. Science. Vol 356, number 6334. Pptain183–186.S. “Project al-Khwarizmi (PAK)”. Date unknown.Dinkins,www.stephaniedinkins.com/project-al-khwarizmi.htmlD. 1977. Rays of Hope: The Transition to a Post-PetroleumHayes,World. New York, USA. WW Norton.S, Markle, GE, Peterson, JC, and Pinch, TJ (eds).Jasano,Handbook of Science and Technology Studies. Thousand2001.M, Stillwell, D and Graepel, T. 2013. “PrivateKosinski,and Attributes are Predictable from Digital RecordsTraitsHuman Behavior”. Proceedings of the National Academy ofofof the United States of America. Vol 110, number 15.SciencesI. 2018. “The Man Who Saw the Dangers ofLapowsky,Analytica Years Ago”. 19 June 2018. www.CambridgeD. 2018. “In Search of an Ethics for the Age ofLevitt,25 October 2018. www.publicseminar.Animation”.wired.com/story/the-man-who-saw-the-dangers-of-cambridge-analytica/org/2018/10/in-search-of-an-ethics-for-the-age-of-animation/SC, Kosinski, M, Nave, G and Stillwell, D. 2017.Matz,of the National Academy of Sciences of the UnitedProceedingsJ. 2014. “Internet Pioneer Brewster Kahle Has aMinard,Access to All Knowledge”. 28 AugustDream—Universalhttps://aeon.co/videos/internet-pioneer-brewsterkahle-has-a-dream-universal-access-to-all-knowledge2014.C. 2016. “Weapons of Math Destruction: How BigO’Neil,Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy”. NewDataM. 2019. “Is ArtiÀcial Intelligence Racist?”.Santamicone,April 2019. https://towardsdatascience.com/https-me-2dium-com-mauriziosantamicone-is-artiÀcial-intelli-gence-racist-66ea8f67c7deS and Wakabayashi, D. 2018. “‘The Business ofShane,Google Employees Protest Work for the Pentagon”.War’:April 2018. www.nytimes.com/2018/04/04/technology/google-letter-ceo-pentagon-project.html4S. 2009. An Introduction to Science and TechnologySismondo,Chichester, UK. Wiley Blackwell.Studies.R. 2018.“ArtiÀcial Intelligence Needs All ofThomas,19 October 2018. https://www.youtube.com/us”.Alstyne, M and Brynjolfsson, E. 1996. “ElectronicVanGlobal Village or Cyberbalkans?” http://Communities:J. 2001. “Feminist Theories of Technology” inWajcman,S, Markle, GE, Petersen, JC and Pinch, T (eds).Jasano,Oaks, CA, USA. Sage Publications.Pp 5802–5805.1146–1151.S. 2005. “You Can’t Handle the Truth” 19Weinberger,2005. https://slate.com/news-and-poli-SeptemberStates of America. Volume 114, number 48. Pp 12714–12719.York, USA. Penguin Random House.T. 2016. “The Truth About ‘Post-truth Politics’”.Young,July 2016. https://www.spectator.co.uk/2016/07/the-16S, CaulÀeld, T, De Cristofaro, E, Sirivianos,Zannettou,Stringhini, G and Blackburn, J. 2018. “DisinformationM,arxiv.org/abs/1801.09288Chapter 3S. 2002. “Looking at War”. 9 December 2002.Sontag,www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/12/09/looking-atwarwatch?v=LqjP7O9SxOM&feature=youtu.beK. 2017. “Anil Dash: Tech’s Moral Reckoning”. 12Tippett,2017. https://onbeing.org/programs/anil-dash-Januarytechs-moral-reckoning-jan2017web.mit.edu/marshall/www/papers/CyberBalkans.pdf
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H. 2017. “Cambridge Analytica, Trump, and the
Tworek,
Old Fear of Manipulating the Masses”. 15 May 2017.
New
KP and Parti, T. 2015. “Cruz Partners with Donor’s
Vogel,
Firm”. Politico. 7 July 2015. www.politico.
‘Psychographic’
www.niemanlab.org/2017/05/cambridge-analyticatrump-and-the-new-old-fear-of-manipulating-the-masses/
com/story/2015/07/ted-cruz-donor-for-data-119813#ixzz3zR4A2d8U
S, Roy, D and Aral, S. 2018. “The Spread of True
Vosoughi,
False News Online”. Science. Vol 359, number 6380. Pp
and
J. 2018. “Cambridge Analytica: Can Targeted
WakeÀeld,
Online Ads Really Change a Voter’s Behaviour?” 30
2018. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-43489408
March
P. 2016. “The British Data-crunchers Who Say They
Wood,
Donald Trump to Win”. 3 December 2016. www.
Helped
tics/2005/09/psy-ops-propaganda-goes-mainstream.html
spectator.co.uk/2016/12/the-british-data-crunchers-whosay-they-helped-donald-trump-to-win/
Y, Kosinski, M and Stillwell, D. 2015. “Computers
Wu,
Personalities Better Than Humans”. Proceedings of
Judge
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
the
Vol 112, number 4. Pp 1036–1040.
Understanding State-Sponsored Trolls on Twitter
Warfare:
Their InÁuence on the Web”. 4 March 2019. https://
and
T, Chang, KW, Zou, J, Saligrama, V and Kalai,
Bolukbasi,
2016. “Man is to Computer Programmer as Woman is
A.
Homemaker? Debiasing Word Embeddings”. 21 July
to
https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.06520
2016.
P. 2016 . “Tay, The Neo-Nazi Millennial Chatbot,
Bright,
Autopsied”. 26 March 2016. https://arstechnica.
Gets
truth-about-post-truth-politics/
com/information-technology/2016/03/tay-the-neo-nazi-millennial-chatbot-gets-autopsied/
J. 2018. “Gender Shades”. http://gendershades.org/
Buolamwini,
A, Bryson, JJ and Narayanan, A. 2017. “Semantics
Caliskan,
Derived Automatically from Language Corpora Con-
Human-like Biases”. Science. Vol 356, number 6334. Pp
tain
183–186.
S. “Project al-Khwarizmi (PAK)”. Date unknown.
Dinkins,
www.stephaniedinkins.com/project-al-khwarizmi.html
D. 1977. Rays of Hope: The Transition to a Post-Petroleum
Hayes,
World. New York, USA. WW Norton.
S, Markle, GE, Peterson, JC, and Pinch, TJ (eds).
Jasano,
Handbook of Science and Technology Studies. Thousand
2001.
M, Stillwell, D and Graepel, T. 2013. “Private
Kosinski,
and Attributes are Predictable from Digital Records
Traits
Human Behavior”. Proceedings of the National Academy of
of
of the United States of America. Vol 110, number 15.
Sciences
I. 2018. “The Man Who Saw the Dangers of
Lapowsky,
Analytica Years Ago”. 19 June 2018. www.
Cambridge
D. 2018. “In Search of an Ethics for the Age of
Levitt,
25 October 2018. www.publicseminar.
Animation”.
wired.com/story/the-man-who-saw-the-dangers-of-cambridge-analytica/
org/2018/10/in-search-of-an-ethics-for-the-age-of-animation/
SC, Kosinski, M, Nave, G and Stillwell, D. 2017.
Matz,
of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
Proceedings
J. 2014. “Internet Pioneer Brewster Kahle Has a
Minard,
Access to All Knowledge”. 28 August
Dream—Universal
https://aeon.co/videos/internet-pioneer-brewsterkahle-has-a-dream-universal-access-to-all-knowledge
2014.
C. 2016. “Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big
O’Neil,
Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy”. New
Data
M. 2019. “Is ArtiÀcial Intelligence Racist?”.
Santamicone,
April 2019. https://towardsdatascience.com/https-me-
2
dium-com-mauriziosantamicone-is-artiÀcial-intelli-
gence-racist-66ea8f67c7de
S and Wakabayashi, D. 2018. “‘The Business of
Shane,
Google Employees Protest Work for the Pentagon”.
War’:
April 2018. www.nytimes.com/2018/04/04/technology/google-letter-ceo-pentagon-project.html
4
S. 2009. An Introduction to Science and Technology
Sismondo,
Chichester, UK. Wiley Blackwell.
Studies.
R. 2018.“ArtiÀcial Intelligence Needs All of
Thomas,
19 October 2018. https://www.youtube.com/
us”.
Alstyne, M and Brynjolfsson, E. 1996. “Electronic
Van
Global Village or Cyberbalkans?” http://
Communities:
J. 2001. “Feminist Theories of Technology” in
Wajcman,
S, Markle, GE, Petersen, JC and Pinch, T (eds).
Jasano,
Oaks, CA, USA. Sage Publications.
Pp 5802–5805.
1146–1151.
S. 2005. “You Can’t Handle the Truth” 19
Weinberger,
2005. https://slate.com/news-and-poli-
September
States of America. Volume 114, number 48. Pp 12714–12719.
York, USA. Penguin Random House.
T. 2016. “The Truth About ‘Post-truth Politics’”.
Young,
July 2016. https://www.spectator.co.uk/2016/07/the-
16
S, CaulÀeld, T, De Cristofaro, E, Sirivianos,
Zannettou,
Stringhini, G and Blackburn, J. 2018. “Disinformation
M,
arxiv.org/abs/1801.09288
Chapter 3
S. 2002. “Looking at War”. 9 December 2002.
Sontag,
www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/12/09/looking-atwar
watch?v=LqjP7O9SxOM&feature=youtu.be
K. 2017. “Anil Dash: Tech’s Moral Reckoning”. 12
Tippett,
2017. https://onbeing.org/programs/anil-dash-
January
techs-moral-reckoning-jan2017
web.mit.edu/marshall/www/papers/CyberBalkans.pdf