Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang

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mathmatis was too important to gothator rmain inomprhnsil tomisundrstoodHr dotoral thsis, ntitld “Thmost.of Latti Shaps of Rings ofEquidistriutionof Cui, Quarti, and Quinti NumrIntgrsAn Artist’s Rndring” is prsntd atFilds:lvls. Th first lvl is a “laysap” withdiffrntusing languag appropriat and“laysplanations”,to th layprson or studnt ofundrstandalNxt, Harron prsnts thmathmatis.and “mathsplanations”, for th“mathsap”mathmatiian or prs in thamaturmathmatis ommunity. Sh invitsprofssionalto follow th argumnts up to thirradrsthrshold, and you an try to findmathmatialy following th link.yourstrms: Equidistan ofSarhshaps Pipr thsislattiis on of th aras of knowldgMathmatiswhih studnts ommonly hold limitinginaout thir aility. Tahrs anlifsths lifs or rat and rinforhallngBlow ar two artils rlvant to thisthm.of knowldg aquisition in mathmatis.issu1, y profssor of mathmatisSourJo Boalr, xplors how disovrisduationnurosin should rshap thfromand larning of mathmatis. Boalrtahingmathmatis lss as a mattr ofapproahsanswrs and provn mthods, and morrightan xris that ahivs undrstandingasollaoration and rativity. Follow ththrough1: Boalr, J. 2019. “Evryon Can LarnSourceto High Lvls: th Evidn fromMathmatisthat Should Chang our Tahing”NurosinMathmatial Soity Blogs)(Amriantrms: AMS BoalrSarhan larnEvryonprinipl, hr full argumnt should possilIngrasp at ithr lvl, and th thsis is intnddto “approximatly radal y approximatlyto(Harron 2016).anyon”an intrviw pulishd in The Hindu (DsikanInHarron idntifis th ida of th gnius2016)as on of th harmful mythsmathmatiianin th mathmatis ommunity, andprptuatdfor it to disardd. “Thr’s th ida thatallsis fixd, you gt it or you don’t; that thr’smathright way to think aout things. … W ndadiffrnt popl in math. W nd diffrntmorof thinking in math” (Harron quotd inways2016).Dsikan11.3 xplors two onptions of, andBoxpossiilitis rgarding, th aquisition oftwo2, y Barara Oakly, prsnts aSourut rlatd vision of mathmatis, ondiffrntmovs away from undrstanding, whthrthatat rativly or through rot larning.arrivdinstad xplors th ida of fluny inOaklyin lin with th onption ofmathmatis,as a languag. Oakly livsmathmatismathmatis is a hait of mind, a pattrnthatthinking that is dvlopd through sustaindofIn Oakly’s viw, mathmatialprati.is losr to know-how than toknowldgFollow th link to rad th dtails.know-that.2: Oakly, B. 2016. “How I Rwird mySourceto Bom Flunt in Math” (Nautilus,Braintrms: Oakly How ISarhmy rain Nautilusrwirdw think mathmatis is affts how wWhatand larn it. It affts what ass andtahto mathmatis larning looks lik, andarrirsit mans to fail and sud in aquiringwhatIII. Methods and toolsIII. Methods and toolsmathmatial knowldg.Box 11.3: The “maths brain” and mathematical fluencylink to rad th artil in full.15 Sptmr 2016)mathmatis to high lvlsknowldg in this AOK.343

III. Methods and toolsmathmatis is ommonly undrstoodKnowingth aility to rason through mathmatialasand symols. Is it possil to knowformulain othr ways, not as languag ormathmatisut as ativity or prforman—rprsntationas know-how? Exampls frommathmatisshow that th mind is notthnomathmatisonly hannl into th ralm of mathmatis,ourthat it an “known” through th wholutas an modid prati, and vn throughodyarrangmnt of othr ojts in th physialthIf w an do and find mathmatisworld.of th human mind, how far an w gooutsidfor mathmatis?lookingslugs do maths, electrons do maths, mineralsSeamaths. Rainbows do an incredible mathematicaldoEuler’s 18th-century formula, with its uniqueLeonhardproperties, is enacted here by a bird.mathematicalth link to rad th full artil: “How toFollowMathmatis”.Playtrms: Aon Thr’sSarhmaths in slugsmorcan we say that sea slugs and corals knowButgeometry? I want to argue here that inhyperbolicsense they do. … The world is full of mundane,someunconscious things materially embodyingmeek,complex pieces of mathematics. How canendishlymake sense of this? I’d like to propose that …wenatural systems are engaged in what wemodestcall the performance of mathematics. Rathermightthinking about maths, they are doing it. In thethanof their beings and the ongoing continuity ofbresgrowth and existence they enact mathematicaltheirand become mathematicians-by-relationships… Rather than being a remote abstraction,practice.can be conceived of as something moremathematicsmusic or dancing; an activity that takes place notlikemuch in the writing down as in the playing out.sodo ths raturs hallng what it mansHow“know” mathmatis? Wrthim liknstoto musi; th intrstion of th twomathmatishas a omprhnsiv disours indisiplinsaross many diffrnt ultural traditions.itslf,ragas of Indian lassial musi, for xampl,Thpassd down aurally from mastrtraditionallystudnt, ar rognizd as inhrntlytoTh Sanskrit word prastara mansmathmatial.study of mathmatially arranging ragas andthWhat is th diffrn twn trating1.as a languag vrsusmathmatis(a) Do you hav to know how to writ2.to do mathmatis?mathmatis(b) To what xtnt is this th as in thTo what xtnt is playing musi without3.al to rad musi omparal toingmathmatis without ing al todoingmathmatis?rad11III.4 In what ways can mathematicsbe known?(Wertheim 2017)… Next time you see a good rainbow,performanceand take a look … classical geometric opticsstopbegin to capture its complexity. A stunningdoesn’tof mathematical performance is enacted by apiecefalcon as it hurtles towards its prey; with itsperegrineheld straight so it can x one eye steadily on theheadat a constant angle of 40 degrees, it swoopsquarryat 200 mph in a perfect logarithmic spiral.downrhythms into plasing ompositions.(Wertheim 2017)For discussionLanguage, reading and writingtrating it as an ativity?othr AOKs?Figure 11.7 Sa slug344

mathmatis was too important to go

that

or rmain inomprhnsil to

misundrstood

Hr dotoral thsis, ntitld “Th

most.

of Latti Shaps of Rings of

Equidistriution

of Cui, Quarti, and Quinti Numr

Intgrs

An Artist’s Rndring” is prsntd at

Filds:

lvls. Th first lvl is a “laysap” with

diffrnt

using languag appropriat and

“laysplanations”,

to th layprson or studnt of

undrstandal

Nxt, Harron prsnts th

mathmatis.

and “mathsplanations”, for th

“mathsap”

mathmatiian or prs in th

amatur

mathmatis ommunity. Sh invits

profssional

to follow th argumnts up to thir

radrs

thrshold, and you an try to find

mathmatial

y following th link.

yours

trms: Equidistan of

Sarh

shaps Pipr thsis

latti

is on of th aras of knowldg

Mathmatis

whih studnts ommonly hold limiting

in

aout thir aility. Tahrs an

lifs

ths lifs or rat and rinfor

hallng

Blow ar two artils rlvant to this

thm.

of knowldg aquisition in mathmatis.

issu

1, y profssor of mathmatis

Sour

Jo Boalr, xplors how disovris

duation

nurosin should rshap th

from

and larning of mathmatis. Boalr

tahing

mathmatis lss as a mattr of

approahs

answrs and provn mthods, and mor

right

an xris that ahivs undrstanding

as

ollaoration and rativity. Follow th

through

1: Boalr, J. 2019. “Evryon Can Larn

Source

to High Lvls: th Evidn from

Mathmatis

that Should Chang our Tahing”

Nurosin

Mathmatial Soity Blogs)

(Amrian

trms: AMS Boalr

Sarh

an larn

Evryon

prinipl, hr full argumnt should possil

In

grasp at ithr lvl, and th thsis is intndd

to

“approximatly radal y approximatly

to

(Harron 2016).

anyon”

an intrviw pulishd in The Hindu (Dsikan

In

Harron idntifis th ida of th gnius

2016)

as on of th harmful myths

mathmatiian

in th mathmatis ommunity, and

prptuatd

for it to disardd. “Thr’s th ida that

alls

is fixd, you gt it or you don’t; that thr’s

math

right way to think aout things. … W nd

a

diffrnt popl in math. W nd diffrnt

mor

of thinking in math” (Harron quotd in

ways

2016).

Dsikan

11.3 xplors two onptions of, and

Box

possiilitis rgarding, th aquisition of

two

2, y Barara Oakly, prsnts a

Sour

ut rlatd vision of mathmatis, on

diffrnt

movs away from undrstanding, whthr

that

at rativly or through rot larning.

arrivd

instad xplors th ida of fluny in

Oakly

in lin with th onption of

mathmatis,

as a languag. Oakly livs

mathmatis

mathmatis is a hait of mind, a pattrn

that

thinking that is dvlopd through sustaind

of

In Oakly’s viw, mathmatial

prati.

is losr to know-how than to

knowldg

Follow th link to rad th dtails.

know-that.

2: Oakly, B. 2016. “How I Rwird my

Source

to Bom Flunt in Math” (Nautilus,

Brain

trms: Oakly How I

Sarh

my rain Nautilus

rwird

w think mathmatis is affts how w

What

and larn it. It affts what ass and

tah

to mathmatis larning looks lik, and

arrirs

it mans to fail and sud in aquiring

what

III. Methods and tools

III. Methods and tools

mathmatial knowldg.

Box 11.3: The “maths brain” and mathematical fluency

link to rad th artil in full.

15 Sptmr 2016)

mathmatis to high lvls

knowldg in this AOK.

343

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