Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang

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and editors have been awarePhotojournaliststhis issue for a long time, and so there hasofsome improvement. In 2010, DoctorsbeenBorders/Médecins Sans FrontièresWithoutand VII Photo launched a project(MSF)Starved for Attention to rewrite thecalledterms: Starved forSearchdocumentaryattentionof the things that was important“Onethis project was trying to go beyondaboutobvious photos of malnutrition”,thephotographer Ron Haviv (quotedsaidJohnson 2009). That meant avoidinginimages of starving children withclichéstomachs, and documentingdistendedmore holistic and complex story. Theadocumentary was nominated forresultingEmmy Award.anIV. EthicsIV. Ethicsstory of childhood malnutrition.Figure 10.12bThe online articleFigure 10.12aThe printed article319
IV. Ethicsterms: NorthrupSearchtrue story of theDisturbingthe linked video, YouTube vlogger TonyInexamines the ethical issues involvedNorthrupthe famous photograph of Sharbat Gula,inas Afghan Girl, that appeared on the Juneknowncover of National Geographic. It is the most1985photograph and one of the mostrecognizedprints of the photograph have been soldLargerup to $178,900 at auctions.forlight of what we have encountered so farInthe artistic and ethical implications ofaboutposes her like an 80s glamour shot,”“Hesays (2019), “shoulder tilted towardsNorthrupcamera, forehead forward a little bit, nicetheto illuminate the eyes, and direct eyelight[that] she would nevercontact—somethingdo”. Northrup describes Sharbat Gulaevera little Pashtun girl facing a Western man.ashas been guilty of awful“Photojournalismthrough history, often exploiting theabusesfor profit and celebrity”, he says (2019).poorepisode witnesses a collision of twoThephotography communities anddifferent35 years apart: YouTube vloggerspractices1980s photojournalists. It also revealsandof the key difficulties in separatingsomefrom art.photojournalismcritique serves as an example ofNorthrup’sculture and is presented as furthering“call-out”ethical cause. However, his critique isanbecause he stands to benefit fromcomplicatedon his YouTube channel. Northrup hasviewsbeen accused of doing a “hit piece” forthusgain. The renowned photographercommercialtook Sharbat Gula’s portrait, Stevewhois yet to personally respond but hisMcCurry,has responded to Northrup withfoundationdescribed in the video. The facts ofcorrectionscase may never be clearly established, andtheGula herself has described mixedSharbatabout the photograph.feelingsGirl Follow-up:Afghansources & answerscorrectionsan April 2002 follow-up story by NationalInSharbat Gula described feelingGeographic,when the photograph was taken. In 2017angrytold the Pakistani newspaper The Expressshethat “the photo created more problemsTribunebenefits. It made me famous but also ledthanmy imprisonment”, but she also added “nowtoam very happy that it gave me honour andIme popular among people” (The Expressmade19 January 2017).Tribune,are individuals and communitiesHowshaping artistic, journalistic and evenonlinestandards, and disrupting traditionalethicalWhat would make this desirable orplatforms?Is Northrup’s critique legitimizedundesirable?his large following of over 1.3 millionbyon YouTube? Is it less credible becausepeoplestands to gain from his YouTube channel?hesuggested ethical guidelines forNorthrup’sare nothing new—ethicalphotojournalistsexist in various forms for all professionalcodesorganizations—but hisphotojournalistreach many more people preciselyguidelinesof his presence on YouTube. TheybecauseDon’t bend cultures to your aesthetics … or•stereotypes.Proceeds from images of the poor•benefit the poor more than theshouldwhat extent are these ethical guidelinesToor different to, for example, the NPPA’ssimilarterms: NPPA Code ofSearchethics10For discussionNational Geographic,Afghan Girl YouTubeYouTubefamous covers in the history of the magazine.photography, consider the following.include the following.• Choose subjects based on their story, not looks.• If a photo is … staged or posed, declare it.photographer. (Northrup 2017)code of ethics? (linked here).320
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THEORY OFO X F O R D I B D I P L O
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University Press is a department of
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ContentsCORE THEMEOPTIONAL THEMESiv
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lucky circumstance brings you to th
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I. Scopecan seem abstract, intimida
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I. Scopeis complicated by power and
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I. ScopeWhat factors limit our know
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I. ScopeII. PerspectivesTOK we exam
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II. Perspectivesto Quassim Cassam,
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III. Methods and toolsterms: NYT Ne
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III. Methods and toolsof it? What m
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III. Methods and toolsIV. Ethics(b)
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IV. Ethicsin TOK is about the explo
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Knowledgeand politics 2is concerned
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I. Scopehas been great concern, esp
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I. Scopeadministrative systems, had
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I. Scopethis book we engage with th
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II. Perspectives“Overton window
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II. Perspectivesopposed to scientif
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II. Perspectivesobjective “fact o
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II. Perspectives7 deals with public
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II. Perspectiveshe adds, ‘It wasn
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II. Perspectivesargued that interne
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II. Perspectivesmedia users report
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III. Methods and toolsLorde said yo
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III. Methods and toolsShould we tes
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III. Methods and toolsend of the po
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III. Methods and toolsIV. Ethicsthe
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IV. Ethicsoffence enters the pictur
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IV. Ethicsenabled by technology. Pr
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IV. Ethicsa 2018 article for the Ne
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Knowledgeand technology 3does it me
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I. Scopereach of human-made objects
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I. Scopeterms:SearchSubmarineTelege
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section explores what we know about
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3.5a shows Margaret Hamilton,Figure
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II. Perspectivesterms: How weSearch
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the challenges outlined in the disc
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2013 a team of researchers publishe
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III. Methods and toolsAccuracy (sel
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that object is a black hole, from w
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IV. Ethicsand when those who stand
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are instances in which the“[There
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example of ethical action amongAnoc
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IV. Ethics(using 840 billion words
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is trained on data sets. It is this
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I. Scopehaptr vnturs yond languags
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I. Scopelanguags ar only on spifiHu
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I. Scopedsriing mthods, prsptivs an
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no longr spokn, this knowldg may ar
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II. PerspectivesEmpir and postwar A
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II. Perspectivesin th pross. At th
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origin of languag—how did w as hu
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Garia Marquz appars oftn onGarillis
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plants, insts and animals ommuniatD
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III. Methods and toolstrms: Tahing
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IV. Ethicsontain parls of wisdom, s
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I. Scopesocieties have diverse idea
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only since 2019, their claims to be
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I. ScopeII. Perspectivesthe contour
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became clear only decadespreservati
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does it mean to think of land as a
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II. Perspectivesof the original nat
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Wilson, who is Opaskwayak Cree,Shaw
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I ranted in my head. ‘There is no
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we consider the contributions of TE
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an authority and belief system that
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III. Methods and toolsand mutual ai
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IV. Ethicsthe only thing one can do
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IV. Ethicsintellectual property has
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6andKnowledgereligionworld’s reli
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I. Scopejudicial, economic, and pol
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I. Scopein his view, involves this
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I. Scopekinds of questions altogeth
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II. Perspectivespractices of the cu
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religious knowledge lose something,
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what extent can we comprehend the w
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II. Perspectivesone, it allows stra
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the context of perspectives, it is
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view has been criticized for being
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David Thoreau was a naturalist, wri
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III. Methods and toolsdisasters are
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IV. Ethicswe have an ethical respon
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IV. EthicsSinger described conseque
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IV. Ethics1962, generals seized pow
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recent human activity called scienc
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II. Perspectivessection explores th
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II. Perspectivessaid to be in crisi
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II. PerspectivesNewton’s theory?
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II. Perspectives19th century reveal
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II. PerspectivesWhat are some scien
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II. Perspectivesof Duesberg’s pap
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II. Perspectivesis a highly simplif
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II. Perspectivesterms: Symphony ofS
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II. Perspectivesorigin story of gen
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II. Perspectivestechnical debates i
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II. Perspectivesfar this section ha
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II. Perspectivesthe kind of problem
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III. Methods and toolsthe scientifi
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III. Methods and toolsunrecognized
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III. Methods and toolshas a number
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III. Methods and toolsthe link to t
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IV. Ethicswas the wartime head of t
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IV. Ethicsan essential, imperfect a
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8Human scienceschapter is about the
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I. Scopeof an idea or theory coming
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I. Scopecentral cause of the profes
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I. Scopeidea of describing society
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who had been placed at the ‘lower
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explore perspectives on the existen
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II. Perspectivesallegations of scie
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we look at the simplifications that
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II. PerspectivesIII. Methods and to
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III. Methods and toolslack of diver
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III. Methods and toolssensitivity
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III. Methods and toolsMargaret Mead
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III. Methods and toolstheir presenc
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III. Methods and toolstold Mahbub,
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III. Methods and toolsY. Thinley, a
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III. Methods and toolsis the scope
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III. Methods and toolssignificant c
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III. Methods and toolsIV. Ethics7 d
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IV. Ethicschange … brings togethe
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last example brings together ideas
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to show it how it was.” This was
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I. Scope7 raises the question of wh
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II. Perspectivesqustion w xplord in
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was not alon in rflting dply aoutCa
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II. Perspectiveshistorial ontxt, ut
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of Yugoslavia and th Sovit Union;ra
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II. Perspectivesor indpndnt shools
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III. Methods and toolswith an intrs
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III. Methods and toolshistorian, jo
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III. Methods and toolsinstad of oth
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II. THE ESSAYwhat extent do the con
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II. THE ESSAYAnother weak approach
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II. THE ESSAYto present the conclus
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as unspoken and unspeakable truthsa
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otherwise by measuring differentlyk
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J. 2017. “The Triage of Truth: Do
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H. 2017. “Cambridge Analytica, Tr
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Human Rights and Equal Opportunitie
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K. 2006b. “Leila Ahmed Muslim Wom
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HSD, Freeman, C, Jahoda, M, Pavitt,
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W. 2012. “Ethics and Historical R
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PJ, Hammel, EA and O’Connell, JW.
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Campbell and Justin Friesen: ‘Why
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Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang

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