Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang
this example, consider how questionsWithincontext, access, values and incentivesofcan play the role of enhancingTechnologypossibilities in the arts, as wellexistingcreating new forms of expression andasTo what extent is this presentingproduction.challenges for knowledge in the arts? Thenewfor example, about the artistic status ofdebate,produced poetry and music is a relativelyAIone, but the questions of authorship,recentquality and value are concerns thatoriginality,long been at the centre of discourse in thehaveexplore an example of the interactionLet’sartist and technology in digitallybetweenart production methods. Dan Tepfer’senhancedis a self-playing piano powered by anpartnerin the production of artisticintersectknowledge.algorithm. Follow the link toimprovisationalout how Tepfer has produced the algorithmfindprogrammed a hybrid piano to co-createandpieces with him in real time.musicalterms: ImprovisationalSearchdigital player pianoalgorithmscan we say about the artistic status ofWhatmusical compositions? Consider howTepfer’sinvolvement of the algorithm in this casetheor complicates your answer to thechangesWhat if he had two algorithm-poweredquestion.playing with each other?pianosIII. Methods and toolsIII. Methods and toolsarts.Making connectionsas mathematical knowledge? Similarly here, if analgorithm composes a musical piece that a humanTechnology in the arts and mathematicscannot read or perform, to what extent can we call thisan art piece? Comparing these two cases, considerIn Chapter 11 we encounter the example of nonsurveyableproof, a computer-generated solutionwhat happens when technological advancementsoutpace our human abilities and what the implicationsto a unsolved mathematical problem. There we askof this are for knowledge.the question: if the proof is too long or complex forhumans to check it, can we conrm it and accept it311
IV. Ethicsmay notice that many knowledge questionsYouclaims in the arts are concerned withandwho decides something, and howjudgment:do that. These are important concernstheyTOK and especially in the arts,throughoutof the potentially transgressive andbecausenature of art that aims to changeprovocativeand collective attitudes. Aroundindividualworld, ethical questions pertaining totheare being decided by someone, whetherartis through the creation or exhibition of athatwork or its censorship, for example. Ingivento understand the implications of theseseekingwe can look to the implications ofdecisions,and policing in art, and what thiscensorshipus about the power of art to influencetellsvalue systems and moralpreferences,At the outset of this section, considerjudgments.What criteria would you use for the1.of art, and why?censorshipWould you agree or disagree that Serrano2.to uphold his moral responsibility, asfailedConsider how we value art. Does it have to3.morally good in order to be good art?beTo what extent could you say that art as an4.is better or worse off without worksAOKthe tenth anniversary of the start of the FirstOnWar, Ernst Friedrich published KriegWorldKriege! (War Against War!), an album ofdemsourced from German militaryphotographswhat extent artistic knowledge has influencedtopersonal moral values.yourfar is too far in arts? In 1987 AndresHowsubmerged a crucifix in his urine. TheSerranoof the jar has been subsequentlyphotographas a work of art in various exhibitionsdisplayedthe world, but never with an explanationaroundthe artist’s intent, leaving individualsaboutinterpret it as they would. It has beentoby religious communities anddenouncedconservatives, with Serrano receivingpoliticalfor over two decades. The controversythreatsfamiliar and perennial knowledge issuesraisedto the arts as an AOK.pertainingterms: Andres SerranoSearchYork controversyNewart such as this one? How would youofdecide?Serrano has also worked on anAndresabout US President Donald Trump,exhibitionboth interest and concern overspurringintentions. Serrano has stated: “I’m nothisin pointing fingers, because I thinkinterestedboring. I’ve seen a lot of artwork that’sit’sand frankly it’s not good, it’s notanti-Trump,I’d rather let the man speak forinteresting.government during wartime. It has beentheto as a “Pacifist Bible”, and starts withreferredof toy guns then proceeds into picturespicturesdeath, destruction, starvation, agony,of10I V. E T H I C SFor discussionEthical questions in the creation of artan artist, with this particular work of art?himself”(quoted in Stanley-Becker2019).Box 10.8: The power of art to influence ethicsand medical archives that were censored bymutilation and graves. The photographs’312
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IV. Ethics
may notice that many knowledge questions
You
claims in the arts are concerned with
and
who decides something, and how
judgment:
do that. These are important concerns
they
TOK and especially in the arts,
throughout
of the potentially transgressive and
because
nature of art that aims to change
provocative
and collective attitudes. Around
individual
world, ethical questions pertaining to
the
are being decided by someone, whether
art
is through the creation or exhibition of a
that
work or its censorship, for example. In
given
to understand the implications of these
seeking
we can look to the implications of
decisions,
and policing in art, and what this
censorship
us about the power of art to influence
tells
value systems and moral
preferences,
At the outset of this section, consider
judgments.
What criteria would you use for the
1.
of art, and why?
censorship
Would you agree or disagree that Serrano
2.
to uphold his moral responsibility, as
failed
Consider how we value art. Does it have to
3.
morally good in order to be good art?
be
To what extent could you say that art as an
4.
is better or worse off without works
AOK
the tenth anniversary of the start of the First
On
War, Ernst Friedrich published Krieg
World
Kriege! (War Against War!), an album of
dem
sourced from German military
photographs
what extent artistic knowledge has influenced
to
personal moral values.
your
far is too far in arts? In 1987 Andres
How
submerged a crucifix in his urine. The
Serrano
of the jar has been subsequently
photograph
as a work of art in various exhibitions
displayed
the world, but never with an explanation
around
the artist’s intent, leaving individuals
about
interpret it as they would. It has been
to
by religious communities and
denounced
conservatives, with Serrano receiving
political
for over two decades. The controversy
threats
familiar and perennial knowledge issues
raised
to the arts as an AOK.
pertaining
terms: Andres Serrano
Search
York controversy
New
art such as this one? How would you
of
decide?
Serrano has also worked on an
Andres
about US President Donald Trump,
exhibition
both interest and concern over
spurring
intentions. Serrano has stated: “I’m not
his
in pointing fingers, because I think
interested
boring. I’ve seen a lot of artwork that’s
it’s
and frankly it’s not good, it’s not
anti-Trump,
I’d rather let the man speak for
interesting.
government during wartime. It has been
the
to as a “Pacifist Bible”, and starts with
referred
of toy guns then proceeds into pictures
pictures
death, destruction, starvation, agony,
of
10
I V. E T H I C S
For discussion
Ethical questions in the creation of art
an artist, with this particular work of art?
himself”(quoted in Stanley-Becker2019).
Box 10.8: The power of art to influence ethics
and medical archives that were censored by
mutilation and graves. The photographs’
312