Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang

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example, my works are most often staged in theFori.e., audience members don’t sit in one‘promenade’and watch a performance on a stage. Instead, theyplacebetween dierent, unconventional performancewalk(kitchens, bathrooms, trees, passageways) andsitesdierent stories through movement. To me,encounternotion of moving the audience is an allegory forthis… . To show the audience, experientially,complexitythey need to ‘work’ to learn about the complexitiesthatconict. That they can’t just sit in a comfortable chairofexpect to be informed … that they need to move, toandto ‘work’, in order to better understand.walk,idea that I work with a lot is ‘fragmentation’.Anotherwho are more accustomed to Realism expect aFolksoverarching narrative in a theatrical work. Youcertainthe introduction, the rising action, the climax, theknow,this section we have explored significantInpersonal and cultural practices that takematerial,in the process of producing art, collectivelyplaceto as “methods”. Before we move on toreferredpairs, small groups, or as a class consider theInquestions.followingTo what extent is it necessary to follow a1.method in order to produce art?certainHow does following or not following the2.of art affect the quality of themethodstools of art—pigments, brushes, but alsoThesets, musical instruments and, recently,stagetechnological tools—participateincreasinglyessential ways in knowledge in the arts.inin arts is a deeply material engagement;Knowingis not just about knowing how to use tools, butithow to work with materials. Artists shapealsobake clay, chisel and polish stones, melt andandmetals, take and develop photographs,mouldpaints and apply them to different surfacesmixaction, and all of that. In my work, I intentionallyfallingapart that linearity—once again because I wonderbreaklinear narratives facilitate a problematic outcome ofifbeing seen as ‘understandable’ … while thesomethingwith conict is that so many parts of it escapetroubleunderstanding.ourI work a lot with duration. Chronicles fromFinally,is a 24-hour long immersive experience whereKashmirand actors live together for a day … .spectatorstoo, helps me unravel complexity in moreDurationways. To bring in narratives from the ‘grayevocativewhile also taking the time to contextualize thosezones’within the larger fabric of the conict that is beingvoiceswith. dealtthe tools of art production more closely,examinesome time to examine this idea of methods,takeWhat kinds of knowledge are involved in3.methods and how does the artistartisticIn which ways does method play a similar4.different role in art as compared tooran embodied experience—arguably to a greateralsothan the other areas of knowledge. Weextentthink of artistic knowledge as requiringmightwhole selves, and especially our bodies—toourkinds of knowledge might be unique toWhatarts as a result of its material and embodiedtheAre there any exceptions—among thenature?art forms—where tools and instrumentsdifferenta lesser role? And how is the knowledgeplayin the arts different from knowledgeproducedusing different tools and methods inproducedother areas of knowledge?theIII. Methods and toolsIII. Methods and toolsNandita Dinesh is a 2002 IB graduate.using the questions that follow.For discussionThe role of methods in artacquire them?science, history or mathematics?artwork?III.3 Tools and instruments in artact, dance, sing or play instruments.in order to produce art. Knowing in the arts is309

III. Methods and toolscan be deeply interesting, as we seePigmentsKassia St Claire’s The Secret Lives of Color.inof us also take for granted that we canManyinto an arts and crafts store to purchasewalkset of oil paints, even though that is aanew innovation.relativelythen there is Vantablack—one of theAndblacks ever made. It absorbs almostblackestlight—99.965% to be precise—so muchallthat some artists have described it assofrom carbon nanotubes, by accidentCreatedthe laboratory of Surrey Nanosystems, aninand space science laboratory,engineeringtook the art world by storm.Vantablackwas not widely available because theIthad to be created under very specificpigmentconditions, using a reactor andlaboratorytrained staff.highlyartists flooded the companyUndeterred,enquiries. Among them was Anishwitha prominent contemporary artist,Kapoor,of Chicago’s Cloud Gate sculpturecreatorknown as “The Bean”), who(popularlypurchased the rights to Vantablackultimatelyhis exclusive use. Surrey Nanosystems,forfrom the technology world, maycomingconceived of patents as a legitimate andhaveresponse to their innovation, andobviousthe company patented the method andsoprotocols for creating the pigment.laboratoryuse of a technologically derivedExclusiveis certainly not unheard of in thematerialworld; indeed, patents protecttechnologyincentives that propel research andthe(R&D) in science, technologydevelopmentindustry. Without patents, the argumentandorganizations would have no pay-off fromis,costly R&D, and so no incentivepursuingSurrey Nanosystems would find out, thisandmarkedly different from the ethos andwastechnologies and material possibilitiesNewa long history of inspiring new art formshavemovements. And that these innovationsandsometimes, or even often, not freely andareshared by their inventors is also notwidelyBut something about Vantablack deeplynew.many artists, perhaps none more so thanupsetSemple who, inspired by this episode,Stuartgo on to democratize pigments. He sawwouldVantablack patent as elitist and immoral,theaccess to an art material that couldlimitingart collectively. But Semple had beenadvancehis own pigments and not sharingmakingand was struck by his own hypocrisy.them,so, he made his pigment, the PinkestAndavailable for purchase by other artistsPink,a very cheap price. This was both an actatsharing as well as a performance, becauseofsale was made on the condition that theeverywas not Anish Kapoor, was not affiliatedbuyerhim in any way, and would not allowwithKapoor access to the pigment.Anishperformance went viral, sharedSemple’scommented upon thousands of times onormedia. Anish Kapoor somehow got hissocialon the pigment and did a performancehandshis own, posting a picture on Instagramofhis middle finger dripping in the PinkestofSo commenced a massive feud. SemplePink.with a few others set out to create analongto Vantablack, spending years inalternativeand collaborating with the make-upR&Dto create Black 3.0, not quite as blackindustryVantablack, but pretty close. It inspiredasartist, Diemut Strebe, who alongsideanotherscientists ultimately created a blackerMITthan Vantablack, a pigment that traps anblack99.995% of light. Until a blackerastonishingcomes around, this one is available toblackartist, including AnishKapoor.any10Case studyPigment feudsexpectations of many artists.disturbing and confronting.This did not go down well with the art world.to pursue it in the first place. But as Kapoor310

example, my works are most often staged in the

For

i.e., audience members don’t sit in one

‘promenade’

and watch a performance on a stage. Instead, they

place

between dierent, unconventional performance

walk

(kitchens, bathrooms, trees, passageways) and

sites

dierent stories through movement. To me,

encounter

notion of moving the audience is an allegory for

this

… . To show the audience, experientially,

complexity

they need to ‘work’ to learn about the complexities

that

conict. That they can’t just sit in a comfortable chair

of

expect to be informed … that they need to move, to

and

to ‘work’, in order to better understand.

walk,

idea that I work with a lot is ‘fragmentation’.

Another

who are more accustomed to Realism expect a

Folks

overarching narrative in a theatrical work. You

certain

the introduction, the rising action, the climax, the

know,

this section we have explored significant

In

personal and cultural practices that take

material,

in the process of producing art, collectively

place

to as “methods”. Before we move on to

referred

pairs, small groups, or as a class consider the

In

questions.

following

To what extent is it necessary to follow a

1.

method in order to produce art?

certain

How does following or not following the

2.

of art affect the quality of the

methods

tools of art—pigments, brushes, but also

The

sets, musical instruments and, recently,

stage

technological tools—participate

increasingly

essential ways in knowledge in the arts.

in

in arts is a deeply material engagement;

Knowing

is not just about knowing how to use tools, but

it

how to work with materials. Artists shape

also

bake clay, chisel and polish stones, melt and

and

metals, take and develop photographs,

mould

paints and apply them to different surfaces

mix

action, and all of that. In my work, I intentionally

falling

apart that linearity—once again because I wonder

break

linear narratives facilitate a problematic outcome of

if

being seen as ‘understandable’ … while the

something

with conict is that so many parts of it escape

trouble

understanding.

our

I work a lot with duration. Chronicles from

Finally,

is a 24-hour long immersive experience where

Kashmir

and actors live together for a day … .

spectators

too, helps me unravel complexity in more

Duration

ways. To bring in narratives from the ‘gray

evocative

while also taking the time to contextualize those

zones’

within the larger fabric of the conict that is being

voices

with. dealt

the tools of art production more closely,

examine

some time to examine this idea of methods,

take

What kinds of knowledge are involved in

3.

methods and how does the artist

artistic

In which ways does method play a similar

4.

different role in art as compared to

or

an embodied experience—arguably to a greater

also

than the other areas of knowledge. We

extent

think of artistic knowledge as requiring

might

whole selves, and especially our bodies—to

our

kinds of knowledge might be unique to

What

arts as a result of its material and embodied

the

Are there any exceptions—among the

nature?

art forms—where tools and instruments

different

a lesser role? And how is the knowledge

play

in the arts different from knowledge

produced

using different tools and methods in

produced

other areas of knowledge?

the

III. Methods and tools

III. Methods and tools

Nandita Dinesh is a 2002 IB graduate.

using the questions that follow.

For discussion

The role of methods in art

acquire them?

science, history or mathematics?

artwork?

III.3 Tools and instruments in art

act, dance, sing or play instruments.

in order to produce art. Knowing in the arts is

309

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