Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang

III. Methods and tools
h had n ordrd to marh aross.
that
of xposing his troops, Longstrt
Instad
a muh longr ut shildd marh
hos
launhing th assault. Th dlay
for
th Union offirs to ttr lin
allowd
thir dfn—and Knowls’ mapping
up
thy had a muh ttr viw of th
shows
attlfild.
to Knowls, this rsarh hlps
Aording
Longstrt and rvals th diffiultis
vindiat
fad in ovrsing th attl, ut also
L
qustions rathr than providing
raiss
was th psyhologial fft on
“What
of sing all that arnag? H’s n
L
in ommand for, ut h sms a
ool
unhingd on th night of th sond
it
of attl, and th nxt day h ordrs
day
disastrous] Piktt’s Charg. Mapping
[th
xplor th vision of history as a full human
Lt’s
applying quantitativ and modlling
sin,
that pross larg sts of data to tst
thniqus
and yild gnralizd onlusions.
hypothss
vision has om undr attak rpatdly.
This
“historiist” ida that th study of th past
Th
usd to shd light on ontmporary issus
an
to prdit vnts in th futur has widly n
or
trms: Natur Human
Sarh
History as sin
yls
is namd aftr Clio, th anint
Cliodynamis
mus of history, and is th rainhild of
Grk
Turhin, who applid mathmatial and
Ptr
thniqus to idntify and modl th
sintifi
fors that, h says, shap history. But
soial
is viwd with grat sptiism
Cliodynamis
illgitimat in historial irls. Howvr,
judgd
xampl is xplord low. Cliodynamis is
on
intrdisiplinary program ridging history,
an
and politial sin with quantitativ
soiology
in an attmpt to oth undrstand
mthods
past and prdit th futur. As you rad
th
onsidr why this approah has not n
on,
mor nthusiastially y historians.
mrad
most historians, who hav rsistd th
y
that history oprats on pattrns, or that
idas
pattrns ar knowal and an usd
ths
prdit th futur. Instad, thy s history
to
a omplx stw of han, individual
“as
and on-of-a-kind situations that no
foils
‘sin of history’ will vr
road-rush
(Spinny 2012).
aptur”
Darnton, a ultural historian at Harvard
Rort
statd: “Aftr a ntury of grand
Univrsity
9
dfinitiv answrs.
h ould s hlps us ask qustions
what
havn’t n askd muh for.”
that
(Horowitz 2012)
Figure 9.5 Map of the Battle of Gettysburg published in 1863.
The Union Forces are shown in blue and the Confederate States
Army in red.
Case study
Using history to predict the future
thory, from Marxism and soial Darwinism
270