Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang

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what is taught”, says Otl. It is aasof rprsntation and rlvan.qustionnd to s thmslvs in thirStudntsand hav tahrs who spaktahrs,Th RHS rport found vidn of an•gap in trms of th numrattainmntstudnts of olour who graduatofth highst distintion. “Studntswithvry lar that th sujt ndswr mad mor rlvant to thm …toar ompltly and uttrly put offthyth urriulum whih thy s asydominatd y Eurontrism andhavilyin vry, vry damaging ways.”whitnssQurshi alls it “asolutly shoking”•“a national disgra” that it tookand2018 for th first fmal lakuntilof history to appointdprofssorth UK, following Hakim Ali whoin2015am th first lak historyinQurshi argus that “forprofssor.of history that havmoststudntsthis sujt at univrsity,vrradhav nvrn taught y a lakthy… or a profssor of olor”. Toprofssorwhy Qurshi mphasizsundrstandhr, ovr gndr, onsidr thatinraUK th first fmal profssor of anythwas appointd 100 yars ago,sujtth first lak fmal profssorwhrasany sujt was appointd onlyofago.20yarsdisussion fouss on th rol of idntityThisth aquisition of historial knowldg.inof argumnts that support thThinkaout idntity that follows, thnstatmntof argumnts that ontradit it. If youthinkworking with a partnr, on of you ouldarth othr “against”. If you ar in aandsplit into two opposing tams for this.group,plays a diffrnt rol in history as“Idntityto th othr AOKs.”ompardTh onvrsation twn Olivtt Otl1.Sadiah Qurshi lavs us with thandthat divrsity in history isimprssionthan in othr filds on avrag.worsfators afft whthr a givnWhihis ttr al to addrss issusdisiplinAr th impliations of a lak of divrsity2.for th various AOKs?diffrntissus of divrsity and quity arWhilto all ommunitis, profssionalimportanting no xption, divrsity hashistoriansimpliations for history as a ody ofrursivAs stion III will show, historiansknowldg.sk out divrs sours inintntionallyhistorial aounts. How thn is thonstrutingof history srvd y a lak of divrsityojtivityprofssional historians? To xplor thisamongw turn to th idas of E.H. Carr,qustion,to us y his grat-granddaughtr Hlnroughtwho tras th volution of his thinkingCarr,ojtivity. Carr was onrnd with howaouthistorian frquntly draws not on ojtiv fataHistory of Soviet Russia was a bold attemptAand meticulously to collect all the factscarefullyand in doing so, [E.H. Carr] articulatedavailable,impressively objective approach to Russianan… In the lengthy process of writing A Historyhistory.Soviet Russia he … was initially optimistic; ‘it isofto maintain that objective truth exists’, yetpossible1950 he concluded: ‘objectivity does not exist’.byhistorians believed in objectiveNineteenth-century… Carr rejected this outdated approach,historyII. PerspectivesII. Perspectivesaout a history that mattrs to thm.of divrsity?II.1 Diversity and historiesut on thir xprin.For discussionThe role of identitydescribing it as a ‘preposterous fallacy’.(Carr 2019)prsnt a as arguing “for” th statmnt253

was not alon in rflting dply aoutCarrin th sond half of th 20thojtivityAftr th First World War and Sondntury.War thr was partiular intrst inWorldand th fors that shap it, and ahistoryof dmoratization of th pratipriodhistory. Whthr or not historiographrsofwith Carr, or th dmoratizationagrth disiplin, thy agr that thsofwr promptd y th ris ofronsidrationshistory and opnd up th disiplin tosoialand othr formrly xludd groups. Itwomnpromptd an introsption of widspradalsoassumptions aout ojtivityhistoriographialth link to a short lip, ntitld “A BrifFollowthat rounts th huml and ravHrstory”,of th Lsian Hrstory Arhivs andginningsprsn today. What an this tah us aoutitsfforts to divrsify and ontriut tograssrootshistory?trms: LsianSarhArhivs VimoHrstoryLsian Hrstory Arhivs ar a milstonThth ongoing dmoratization of history andinth sns of soial onntdnss thatrvalwhn a ommunity onstruts its ownarissis not just us, in TOK, who dwll on thsItwhil historians gt on with thirqustionsTh intlltual movmnt of postmodrnismwork.hallngd history with dp(singular, monolithi) to historishistoryConsidr th following qustions for(plural).that ontinu to shap th disiplinhistorythis pross.throughhistory gets told? In whose name? For whatWhosePost-modernism is about histories notpurpose?retold, untold. History as it never was. Historiestold,hidden, invisible, considered unimportant,forgotten,eradicated. It’s about the refusal to seechanged,as linear, as leading straight up to today inhistoryrecognisable pattern—all set for us to makesomeof. It’s about chance. It’s about power. It’s aboutsensehow knowldg in history hangsCompartim as ompard to how it hangs inovr1. What happns to disardd knowldg?2. What is th status of urrnt knowldg?maks history? W tnd to har this inWhoontxt of “(nam of prson) mad history”tha lot of tim this happns “today”. Statsandmak history y passing lgislation,anathlts an do so y rakingxtraordinarygroups of organizd itizns anrords,y disoying authority andmakhistoryon.In this ommon-sns viw, historyso mad y individual or olltivapparstoin th prsnt. Howvr, thr ar somationstandards that govrn whn somthingimpliitfrom ing on of many vnts in thgosing signifiant nough to join thpast,torord.historial9II. Perspectivesinformation.and nutral truths.(Marshall 1992)For discussionKnowledge in history changingover timeth natural sins.II.2 Making history and thresholdsof significancenarrativ of its past.qustions and ushrd in th opning of254

was not alon in rflting dply aout

Carr

in th sond half of th 20th

ojtivity

Aftr th First World War and Sond

ntury.

War thr was partiular intrst in

World

and th fors that shap it, and a

history

of dmoratization of th prati

priod

history. Whthr or not historiographrs

of

with Carr, or th dmoratization

agr

th disiplin, thy agr that ths

of

wr promptd y th ris of

ronsidrations

history and opnd up th disiplin to

soial

and othr formrly xludd groups. It

womn

promptd an introsption of widsprad

also

assumptions aout ojtivity

historiographial

th link to a short lip, ntitld “A Brif

Follow

that rounts th huml and rav

Hrstory”,

of th Lsian Hrstory Arhivs and

ginnings

prsn today. What an this tah us aout

its

fforts to divrsify and ontriut to

grassroots

history?

trms: Lsian

Sarh

Arhivs Vimo

Hrstory

Lsian Hrstory Arhivs ar a milston

Th

th ongoing dmoratization of history and

in

th sns of soial onntdnss that

rval

whn a ommunity onstruts its own

ariss

is not just us, in TOK, who dwll on ths

It

whil historians gt on with thir

qustions

Th intlltual movmnt of postmodrnism

work.

hallngd history with dp

(singular, monolithi) to historis

history

Considr th following qustions for

(plural).

that ontinu to shap th disiplin

history

this pross.

through

history gets told? In whose name? For what

Whose

Post-modernism is about histories not

purpose?

retold, untold. History as it never was. Histories

told,

hidden, invisible, considered unimportant,

forgotten,

eradicated. It’s about the refusal to see

changed,

as linear, as leading straight up to today in

history

recognisable pattern—all set for us to make

some

of. It’s about chance. It’s about power. It’s about

sense

how knowldg in history hangs

Compar

tim as ompard to how it hangs in

ovr

1. What happns to disardd knowldg?

2. What is th status of urrnt knowldg?

maks history? W tnd to har this in

Who

ontxt of “(nam of prson) mad history”

th

a lot of tim this happns “today”. Stats

and

mak history y passing lgislation,

an

athlts an do so y raking

xtraordinary

groups of organizd itizns an

rords,

y disoying authority and

makhistory

on.In this ommon-sns viw, history

so

mad y individual or olltiv

apparsto

in th prsnt. Howvr, thr ar som

ation

standards that govrn whn somthing

impliit

from ing on of many vnts in th

gos

ing signifiant nough to join th

past,to

rord.

historial

9II. Perspectives

information.

and nutral truths.

(Marshall 1992)

For discussion

Knowledge in history changing

over time

th natural sins.

II.2 Making history and thresholds

of significance

narrativ of its past.

qustions and ushrd in th opning of

254

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