Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang
what is taught”, says Otl. It is aasof rprsntation and rlvan.qustionnd to s thmslvs in thirStudntsand hav tahrs who spaktahrs,Th RHS rport found vidn of an•gap in trms of th numrattainmntstudnts of olour who graduatofth highst distintion. “Studntswithvry lar that th sujt ndswr mad mor rlvant to thm …toar ompltly and uttrly put offthyth urriulum whih thy s asydominatd y Eurontrism andhavilyin vry, vry damaging ways.”whitnssQurshi alls it “asolutly shoking”•“a national disgra” that it tookand2018 for th first fmal lakuntilof history to appointdprofssorth UK, following Hakim Ali whoin2015am th first lak historyinQurshi argus that “forprofssor.of history that havmoststudntsthis sujt at univrsity,vrradhav nvrn taught y a lakthy… or a profssor of olor”. Toprofssorwhy Qurshi mphasizsundrstandhr, ovr gndr, onsidr thatinraUK th first fmal profssor of anythwas appointd 100 yars ago,sujtth first lak fmal profssorwhrasany sujt was appointd onlyofago.20yarsdisussion fouss on th rol of idntityThisth aquisition of historial knowldg.inof argumnts that support thThinkaout idntity that follows, thnstatmntof argumnts that ontradit it. If youthinkworking with a partnr, on of you ouldarth othr “against”. If you ar in aandsplit into two opposing tams for this.group,plays a diffrnt rol in history as“Idntityto th othr AOKs.”ompardTh onvrsation twn Olivtt Otl1.Sadiah Qurshi lavs us with thandthat divrsity in history isimprssionthan in othr filds on avrag.worsfators afft whthr a givnWhihis ttr al to addrss issusdisiplinAr th impliations of a lak of divrsity2.for th various AOKs?diffrntissus of divrsity and quity arWhilto all ommunitis, profssionalimportanting no xption, divrsity hashistoriansimpliations for history as a ody ofrursivAs stion III will show, historiansknowldg.sk out divrs sours inintntionallyhistorial aounts. How thn is thonstrutingof history srvd y a lak of divrsityojtivityprofssional historians? To xplor thisamongw turn to th idas of E.H. Carr,qustion,to us y his grat-granddaughtr Hlnroughtwho tras th volution of his thinkingCarr,ojtivity. Carr was onrnd with howaouthistorian frquntly draws not on ojtiv fataHistory of Soviet Russia was a bold attemptAand meticulously to collect all the factscarefullyand in doing so, [E.H. Carr] articulatedavailable,impressively objective approach to Russianan… In the lengthy process of writing A Historyhistory.Soviet Russia he … was initially optimistic; ‘it isofto maintain that objective truth exists’, yetpossible1950 he concluded: ‘objectivity does not exist’.byhistorians believed in objectiveNineteenth-century… Carr rejected this outdated approach,historyII. PerspectivesII. Perspectivesaout a history that mattrs to thm.of divrsity?II.1 Diversity and historiesut on thir xprin.For discussionThe role of identitydescribing it as a ‘preposterous fallacy’.(Carr 2019)prsnt a as arguing “for” th statmnt253
was not alon in rflting dply aoutCarrin th sond half of th 20thojtivityAftr th First World War and Sondntury.War thr was partiular intrst inWorldand th fors that shap it, and ahistoryof dmoratization of th pratipriodhistory. Whthr or not historiographrsofwith Carr, or th dmoratizationagrth disiplin, thy agr that thsofwr promptd y th ris ofronsidrationshistory and opnd up th disiplin tosoialand othr formrly xludd groups. Itwomnpromptd an introsption of widspradalsoassumptions aout ojtivityhistoriographialth link to a short lip, ntitld “A BrifFollowthat rounts th huml and ravHrstory”,of th Lsian Hrstory Arhivs andginningsprsn today. What an this tah us aoutitsfforts to divrsify and ontriut tograssrootshistory?trms: LsianSarhArhivs VimoHrstoryLsian Hrstory Arhivs ar a milstonThth ongoing dmoratization of history andinth sns of soial onntdnss thatrvalwhn a ommunity onstruts its ownarissis not just us, in TOK, who dwll on thsItwhil historians gt on with thirqustionsTh intlltual movmnt of postmodrnismwork.hallngd history with dp(singular, monolithi) to historishistoryConsidr th following qustions for(plural).that ontinu to shap th disiplinhistorythis pross.throughhistory gets told? In whose name? For whatWhosePost-modernism is about histories notpurpose?retold, untold. History as it never was. Historiestold,hidden, invisible, considered unimportant,forgotten,eradicated. It’s about the refusal to seechanged,as linear, as leading straight up to today inhistoryrecognisable pattern—all set for us to makesomeof. It’s about chance. It’s about power. It’s aboutsensehow knowldg in history hangsCompartim as ompard to how it hangs inovr1. What happns to disardd knowldg?2. What is th status of urrnt knowldg?maks history? W tnd to har this inWhoontxt of “(nam of prson) mad history”tha lot of tim this happns “today”. Statsandmak history y passing lgislation,anathlts an do so y rakingxtraordinarygroups of organizd itizns anrords,y disoying authority andmakhistoryon.In this ommon-sns viw, historyso mad y individual or olltivapparstoin th prsnt. Howvr, thr ar somationstandards that govrn whn somthingimpliitfrom ing on of many vnts in thgosing signifiant nough to join thpast,torord.historial9II. Perspectivesinformation.and nutral truths.(Marshall 1992)For discussionKnowledge in history changingover timeth natural sins.II.2 Making history and thresholdsof significancenarrativ of its past.qustions and ushrd in th opning of254
- Page 209 and 210: IV. Ethicswas the wartime head of t
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was not alon in rflting dply aout
Carr
in th sond half of th 20th
ojtivity
Aftr th First World War and Sond
ntury.
War thr was partiular intrst in
World
and th fors that shap it, and a
history
of dmoratization of th prati
priod
history. Whthr or not historiographrs
of
with Carr, or th dmoratization
agr
th disiplin, thy agr that ths
of
wr promptd y th ris of
ronsidrations
history and opnd up th disiplin to
soial
and othr formrly xludd groups. It
womn
promptd an introsption of widsprad
also
assumptions aout ojtivity
historiographial
th link to a short lip, ntitld “A Brif
Follow
that rounts th huml and rav
Hrstory”,
of th Lsian Hrstory Arhivs and
ginnings
prsn today. What an this tah us aout
its
fforts to divrsify and ontriut to
grassroots
history?
trms: Lsian
Sarh
Arhivs Vimo
Hrstory
Lsian Hrstory Arhivs ar a milston
Th
th ongoing dmoratization of history and
in
th sns of soial onntdnss that
rval
whn a ommunity onstruts its own
ariss
is not just us, in TOK, who dwll on ths
It
whil historians gt on with thir
qustions
Th intlltual movmnt of postmodrnism
work.
hallngd history with dp
(singular, monolithi) to historis
history
Considr th following qustions for
(plural).
that ontinu to shap th disiplin
history
this pross.
through
history gets told? In whose name? For what
Whose
Post-modernism is about histories not
purpose?
retold, untold. History as it never was. Histories
told,
hidden, invisible, considered unimportant,
forgotten,
eradicated. It’s about the refusal to see
changed,
as linear, as leading straight up to today in
history
recognisable pattern—all set for us to make
some
of. It’s about chance. It’s about power. It’s about
sense
how knowldg in history hangs
Compar
tim as ompard to how it hangs in
ovr
1. What happns to disardd knowldg?
2. What is th status of urrnt knowldg?
maks history? W tnd to har this in
Who
ontxt of “(nam of prson) mad history”
th
a lot of tim this happns “today”. Stats
and
mak history y passing lgislation,
an
athlts an do so y raking
xtraordinary
groups of organizd itizns an
rords,
y disoying authority and
makhistory
on.In this ommon-sns viw, history
so
mad y individual or olltiv
apparsto
in th prsnt. Howvr, thr ar som
ation
standards that govrn whn somthing
impliit
from ing on of many vnts in th
gos
ing signifiant nough to join th
past,to
rord.
historial
9II. Perspectives
information.
and nutral truths.
(Marshall 1992)
For discussion
Knowledge in history changing
over time
th natural sins.
II.2 Making history and thresholds
of significance
narrativ of its past.
qustions and ushrd in th opning of
254