Theory of Knowledge - Course Companion for Students Marija Uzunova Dang Arvin Singh Uzunov Dang

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the fundamental question of how we compare the future with the present, a questionConsiderintergenerational ethics: how much effort should be made in the present, and at what cost, toofpeople in the future? The more relevant question for TOK is: what do you need to know tobenefitthat question?answerReferring to the questions above, do we expect different cultures around the world, with their3.religious and spiritual beliefs, to have comparable answers?diverse4. How might we bridge the differences in responses?humankind is to have any chance of managingIfchange, of reaching a consensus andclimatean international effort, we wouldcoordinatingfrom understanding how differentbenefitnations and cultures answer these ethicalpeople,The alert reader will have noticed thequestions.embedded in the above sentence.assumptionscompletely different outcome is also possible:Atechnology bails humanity out, allowingthatto avoid these existential ethical challenges.usthere are other global issues requiringHowever,collaboration and consensuscoordination,may inspire confidence to know that questionsItknowledge and ethics are being askedaboutdiscussed outside of TOK classrooms, thatandare grappling with the political and ethicalothersthe clip from 4:50–8:15 in the video,InLucht talks about what it wouldWolfgangto build an integrated Earth modeltakeincludes physical, ecological and socialthatbased on our current knowledge.systems,of the limitations to this holistic model-Oneexercise is that the nature ofbuildingwe have about those systemsknowledgevery different. How could we move ourisknowledges into adiscipline-boundare tuned into the kinds of questions that areyouin TOK, you might start noticing them inaskedall around you. Follow the link toconversationsto a conversation between two experts fromlistenhuman sciences, pondering the essential TOKtheof the limits of knowledge in the contexttopicthe Anthropocene. Consider the kinds ofofthat guide their discussion.questionsterms: AnthropoceneSearch“Limits ofCampusHow can we make any authoritative claims1.the whole world, if our knowledge isaboutmade up of ill-fitting pieces withessentiallygaps between them?significant17:00, Lucht speaks about the balanceAtneeds to be struck between intellectualthatand the responsibility to act when wehumilityreasonably confident in our predictions.areIs there any point at which intellectual2.stops being a virtue and becomeshumilityexcuse for inaction? If so, how andanwould you draw the line?whereIV. EthicsIV. Ethicsknowledge”among different peoples and their knowledges.When it comes to the abundant scope and breadth ofIV.1 Limits to growth and the limits ofhuman knowledgethe Anthropocene and its concerns, one can ask: whatare the limits of observation, accuracy, measurement,and calculation? What are the limits of descriptiveaccounts and written representations? How can onedeal with uncertainty, ignorance, or risk?challenges of human knowledge and action. Once(www.anthropocene-curriculum.org 2014)For ref lectionThe unity of knowledge and trustingour knowledgeunified model?243

last example brings together ideas fromThethis chapter: the role of quantification,throughoutproblems of measurement and the implicationstheapplying simple knowledge to complexofAt its core, the Anthropocene mightphenomena.a problem of growth. The United Nationsbeon Sustainable Development in 2012Conferencewith the video linked here, tracing howopenedgrowth of humanity became a force that shapesthestate of the world, especially since the 1950s.thethis reason, we zoom in on knowledge issuesForgrowth—what do we know about it, what kindsofresponsibilities rest with that knowledge, andofkind of action can we take based on it?whatterms: “Welcome to theSearchon VimeoAnthropocene”knowledge in thePredictiveAnthropocenethe context of the Anthropocene, we oftenInestimates and approximations of howheartime we have to act on various issuesmuchit is too late. Predictions and fears ofbeforeand ecological collapse are certainlyeconomicnew. In 1972, systems scientists at MITnotpredicted that ecosystems wouldfamouslyby the mid-21st century. Their report,collapseto Growth”, was criticized and“Limitsas disaster fantasy, for simplisticridiculedpessimistic simulations that assumedandtechnological progress, and for havinglittle8IV. EthicsMaking connectionsKnowledge and languageThe language of growthlanguage used to describe growth has changed asTheknowledge about environmental impact and naturalourdepletion has grown. What started out asresourcegrowth evolved into sustainable growth andeconomicnow split, with the dominant concept being greenhaswhile an increasingly audible academic andgrowth,political minority advocate for a post-growth paradigm.Figure 8.6 A koala perishes in the Australian bush res of 2020the past seven decades, GDP growth has stood asForprimary economic objective of European nations.theWe are now exceeding the safe operating space…humanity on this planet, and there is no sign thatforactivity is being decoupled from resource useeconomicpollution at anything like the scale required. Today,orsocial problems within European nations doessolvingrequire more growth. It requires a fairer distributionnotof income and wealth that we already have.(ICTA 2018)For discussionan anti-growth agenda. Well before them,244

last example brings together ideas from

The

this chapter: the role of quantification,

throughout

problems of measurement and the implications

the

applying simple knowledge to complex

of

At its core, the Anthropocene might

phenomena.

a problem of growth. The United Nations

be

on Sustainable Development in 2012

Conference

with the video linked here, tracing how

opened

growth of humanity became a force that shapes

the

state of the world, especially since the 1950s.

the

this reason, we zoom in on knowledge issues

For

growth—what do we know about it, what kinds

of

responsibilities rest with that knowledge, and

of

kind of action can we take based on it?

what

terms: “Welcome to the

Search

on Vimeo

Anthropocene”

knowledge in the

Predictive

Anthropocene

the context of the Anthropocene, we often

In

estimates and approximations of how

hear

time we have to act on various issues

much

it is too late. Predictions and fears of

before

and ecological collapse are certainly

economic

new. In 1972, systems scientists at MIT

not

predicted that ecosystems would

famously

by the mid-21st century. Their report,

collapse

to Growth”, was criticized and

“Limits

as disaster fantasy, for simplistic

ridiculed

pessimistic simulations that assumed

and

technological progress, and for having

little

8IV. Ethics

Making connections

Knowledge and language

The language of growth

language used to describe growth has changed as

The

knowledge about environmental impact and natural

our

depletion has grown. What started out as

resource

growth evolved into sustainable growth and

economic

now split, with the dominant concept being green

has

while an increasingly audible academic and

growth,

political minority advocate for a post-growth paradigm.

Figure 8.6 A koala perishes in the Australian bush res of 2020

the past seven decades, GDP growth has stood as

For

primary economic objective of European nations.

the

We are now exceeding the safe operating space

humanity on this planet, and there is no sign that

for

activity is being decoupled from resource use

economic

pollution at anything like the scale required. Today,

or

social problems within European nations does

solving

require more growth. It requires a fairer distribution

not

of income and wealth that we already have.

(ICTA 2018)

For discussion

an anti-growth agenda. Well before them,

244

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