Assessment of Potential Indicator Species for Monitoring ...

comparison between samples from acidic circumneutral and limed lakes in
south Sweden. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18: 255-260.
Key Words: air pollution, water pollution, water chemistry, toxicokinetics,
acid precipitation
E11) Ethier, T. 1993. Survey methods for swallows and swifts in British Columbia.
Mininstry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Wildlife Branch, Victoria. Unpubl.
Manusc. 32 pp.
E12) Euliss, N.H. Jr., R.L. Jarvis and D.S. Gilmer. 1989. Carbonate deposition on
tail feathers of Ruddy Ducks using evaporation ponds. Condor 91: 803-806.
Abstract: Substantial carbonate deposits were observed on rectrices of
Ruddy Ducks (Oxyura jamaicensis) collected during 1982-1984 on
evaporation ponds in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Carbonate deposits
were composed of about 75% aragonite and 25% calcite, both
polymorphous forms of CaCO3. Significantly more carbonate deposits were
observed on Ruddy Ducks as length of exposure to agricultural drain water
increased, during the 1983-1984 field season when salt concentrations in
the ponds were higher, and in certain evaporation-pond systems.
E13) Evans, D.L. 1982. Status reports on 12 raptors. US Fish Wildl. Serv. Spec.
Sci. Rep. Wildl. 0: 1-68.
Abstract: The distribution, ecology, management and status of 12 species of
raptors are compiled largely from the literature, and an extensive
bibliography on each species. Earlier declines in the Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus
leucocephalus), Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii), Merlin (Falco
columbarius), Osprey (Pandion haliaetus carolinensis), Peregrine Falcon (F.
peregrinus) and the Sharp-shinned Hawk (A. striatus velox) appear to have
ended with restrictions on organochlorine biocide use and most populations
appear to be recovering. Continued use of organochlorine biocides in South
and Central America has the potential of negating this positive trend.
Depletion of fisheries due to acid rain may pose a future threat to bald eagle
and osprey populations in some regions. Loss of essential habitat has
affected declines in the Caracara (Caracara cheriway) and Western
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) and the disappearance of the
northern Aplomado Falcon (F. femoralis septentrionalis) from the southern
USA. Most populations of the Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis), Marsh
Hawk (Circus cyaneus hudsonius) and Prairie Falcon (F. mexicanus) appear
stable; habitat loss is the most critical factor in population changes.
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