Automotive Electrical and Electronic Systems Classroom Manual Fifth Edition Update by John F. Kershaw

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Gauges, Warning Devices, and Driver Information System Operation 299Vacuum FluorescentDisplay (VFD)This is the most commonly used display for automotiveelectronic instruments, primarily becauseof its durability and bright display qualities. Thevacuum fluorescent display (VFD) generateslight similar to a television picture tube, with freeelectrons from a heated filament striking phosphormaterial that emits a blue-green light(Figure 13-31).The anode segments are coated with a fluorescentmaterial such as phosphorous. The filamentis resistance wire, heated by electricalcurrent. The filament coating produces freeelectrons, which are accelerated by the electricfield generated by the voltage on the acceleratinggrid. High voltage is applied only to theanode of those segments required to form thecharacters to be displayed. Since the anode is ata higher voltage than the fine wire-mesh grid,the electrons pass through the grid. The phosphorson the segment anodes impressed withhigh voltage glow very brightly when struck byelectrons; those receiving no voltage do notglow. The instrument computer determines thesegments necessary to emit light for any givenmessage and applies the correct sequences ofvoltage at the anodes.VFD displays are extremely bright, and theirintensity must be controlled for night viewing.This can be done by varying the voltage on theaccelerating grid: the higher the voltage, thebrighter the display. Intensity can also be controlledby pulse-width dimming, or turning thedisplay on and off very rapidly while controllingthe duration of on-time. This is similar to thepulse-width modulation of a carburetor mixturecontrol solenoid or a fuel injector. The on-offaction occurs so rapidly that it cannot be detectedby the human eye. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)Another display device used in automotiveinstrumentation was the cathode-ray tube(CRT), as used in the 1986–1996 Buick RivieraBuick Reatta. The CRT is essentially the sameas the display used in an oscilloscope or a televisionset. CRTs function with an electron beamgenerated by an electron gun located at the rearof the tube. The CRT consists of a cathode thatemits electrons and an anode that attracts them.Electrons are “shot” in a thin beam from the backof the tube. Permanent magnets around the outsideneck of the tube and plates grouped aroundthe beam on the inside of the tube shape thebeam. A tube-shaped anode that surrounds thebeam accelerates it as it leaves the electron gun.The beam has so much momentum that theelectrons pass through the anode and strike acoating of phosphorus on the screen, causingthe screen to glow at these points. The controlplates are used to move the beam back and forthon the screen, causing different parts of it to illuminate.The result is a display (oscilloscope) or apicture (television).The automotive CRT has a touch-sensitiveMylar switch panel installed over its screen. Thispanel contains ultra-thin wires, which are codedby row and column. Touching the screen in designatedplaces blocks a light beam and triggerscertain switches in the panel, according to thedisplay mode desired. The switches in turn senda signal to the control circuitry, which respondsby displaying the requested information onthe CRT screen. In principle, this type of instrumentationcombines two personal computerattributes: It has touch-screen control and ismenu driven.Figure 13-31. In a vacuum fluorescent display, voltageapplied selectively to segment anodes makes thefluorescent material glow. (DaimlerChrysler Corporation)HEAD-UP DISPLAY(HUD)The head-up display (HUD) is a secondary displaysystem that projects video images onto thewindshield. It is an electronic instrumentationsystem (Figure 13-32) that consists of a specialwindshield, a HUD unit containing a computermodule, and a system-specific dimmer switch.
Figure 13-32.300A wiring schematic of the HUD system as used by GM. (GM Service and Parts Operations)
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Figure 9-16.Typical DaimlerChrysler
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Automotive Electronics 211P- and N-
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Automotive Electronics 223SUMMARYSe
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228 Chapter ElevenINTRODUCTIONThe p
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230 Chapter Eleven• Secondary cur
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232 Chapter ElevenMAGNETICFIELDINCR
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Page 271 and 272: 258 Chapter TwelveHEADLAMP CIRCUITS
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Page 275 and 276: 262 Chapter Twelvestone damage and
Page 277 and 278: 264 Chapter Twelveend of an electri
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Page 283 and 284: 270 Chapter TwelveFigure 12-31.A ta
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Automotive Electrical and Electronic Systems Classroom Manual Fifth Edition Update by John F. Kershaw

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