Dr. Sanjay Dahasahasra - Ministry of Urban Development
Dr. Sanjay Dahasahasra - Ministry of Urban Development
Dr. Sanjay Dahasahasra - Ministry of Urban Development
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<strong>Dr</strong>. <strong>Sanjay</strong> <strong>Dahasahasra</strong><br />
Former Member Secretary,<br />
and V.N. Rathod, Chief Engineer,<br />
Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, Mumbai
Awards in Advance Distribution<br />
Modeling<br />
22 May 2006 , “Disaster Management” BE<br />
Excellence Award 2006, at Charlotte, USA<br />
29 Mar 2008 , “24/7 Water Supply”, BE Excellence<br />
Award 2008, at Baltimore, USA<br />
21 Oct 2008, Best Engineer Award, at the<br />
hands <strong>of</strong> Hon. Governer, Maharashtra<br />
13 Oct 2009, “Disaster Management”<br />
, BE Excellence Award 2009, at<br />
Charlotte, USA<br />
11 th Dec. 2009, Prestressed Concrete Award<br />
at, Mangalore, Design and Research, I.E.
Indian Cities Soar to<br />
Success <strong>of</strong> 24/7 Water<br />
� To adopt reforms to improve service delivery,<br />
� To distribute water equitably to achieve 24/7 supply,<br />
� To reduce mortality ratio- eradicate w.b. diseases<br />
� To serve effectively and efficiently even in crisis<br />
NRW<br />
A holistic view <strong>of</strong> Reduction my organization<br />
DMA<br />
Metering
2020<br />
140 million<br />
will move to<br />
cities<br />
21st Century- Set to become India's urban century<br />
2020<br />
No. <strong>of</strong> cities<br />
(Popu. > 10 6 )<br />
will double<br />
2050<br />
700 million<br />
will urbanize<br />
Source: Mint, The Wall Street<br />
Journal, Mumbai, Dt 16 August 2007<br />
1981<br />
160<br />
1991<br />
217<br />
285<br />
336<br />
<strong>Urban</strong> Population (miilion)<br />
50% population will live in urban<br />
areas by 2050<br />
2001<br />
2011
90% <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Urban</strong><br />
population<br />
Access to water<br />
supply<br />
63 %<br />
Population<br />
Piped water<br />
Range:<br />
57 – 160<br />
LPCD, Target:<br />
140 LPCD<br />
Provided water<br />
Slum: 27 LPCD<br />
Infant Mortality<br />
=48<br />
Health Risk<br />
Source: CMG, ASCI, Hydrabad
What are Issues in <strong>Urban</strong> India?<br />
Benchmarks Ground Reality<br />
24x7 supply,<br />
Universal access,<br />
Efficiency,<br />
Sustainability<br />
Intermittent,<br />
Poor coverage(slums),<br />
High cost and NRW,<br />
Poor cost recovery<br />
6
2 nd biggest city<br />
<strong>of</strong> Vidarbha<br />
7<br />
Amravati<br />
(A Case Study)<br />
Native place <strong>of</strong><br />
Her Highness<br />
President <strong>of</strong><br />
India<br />
�7 th most populous MC<br />
�Population = 7 Lakhs<br />
�Area = 121.65 km 2<br />
�Historical landmark<br />
WSSD, India
Source <strong>of</strong><br />
Amravati City<br />
Ground water<br />
till 1994<br />
Amravati<br />
33 Kms<br />
WTP<br />
22 Kms<br />
BPT<br />
Upper Wardha Dam<br />
Water<br />
Supply<br />
100% from<br />
Upper<br />
Wardha<br />
Dam<br />
Total Length <strong>of</strong> Distribution System = 801 Kms<br />
82<br />
MLD
Utility<br />
Life<br />
><br />
29<br />
Years<br />
House<br />
Conne<br />
ctions<br />
49 %<br />
NRW<br />
55 %<br />
Challenges<br />
Coverage<br />
50 %<br />
Stand<br />
Posts<br />
933<br />
Supply<br />
Hours<br />
2<br />
hours<br />
Sustainability<br />
O&M<br />
cost ><br />
Revenue<br />
Rs 8.41>Rs 8.14
Nine Performance Indicators<br />
1. Coverage, Water Supply Connections<br />
2. Per capita supply <strong>of</strong> water<br />
3. Extent <strong>of</strong> metering<br />
4. Continuity <strong>of</strong> water supply<br />
5. NRW Reduction<br />
6. Quality <strong>of</strong> water Supply<br />
7. Redressal <strong>of</strong> complaints<br />
8. Cost recovery in water supply services<br />
9. Efficiency in collection <strong>of</strong> water charges
Coverage, Water Supply<br />
Connections<br />
Per capita supply <strong>of</strong> water<br />
Extent <strong>of</strong> metering<br />
Continuity <strong>of</strong> water supply<br />
NRW Reduction<br />
Quality <strong>of</strong> water Supply<br />
Redressal <strong>of</strong> complaints<br />
Cost recovery in water<br />
supply services<br />
Efficiency in collection <strong>of</strong><br />
water charges<br />
Nine Performance Indicators<br />
Standard<br />
Benchmark<br />
100% 49%<br />
135 LPCD 107 LPCD<br />
100% 90%<br />
24 Hours 2 Hours<br />
20% 55%<br />
100% 88%<br />
80% 82%<br />
100% 100%<br />
90% 62%<br />
Amravati
120<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Gap=40%<br />
100<br />
49<br />
GoI Amravati<br />
Gap=51% Gap=100% Gap=74%<br />
Gap=35%<br />
20<br />
55<br />
100<br />
Gap=38%<br />
Coverage NRW Cost Recovery<br />
62
Amravati<br />
33 Kms<br />
How many Old AC, PVC and GI Pipes in Amravati?<br />
WTP<br />
22 Kms<br />
BPT<br />
GI = 65<br />
Kms<br />
Upper Wardha Dam<br />
Total Length<br />
= 801 Kms<br />
AC= 203<br />
Kms<br />
372 Kms<br />
Challenge:<br />
• Old pipes<br />
• Limited supply<br />
(137 LPCD at<br />
source)<br />
PVC =<br />
104<br />
CI+DI =<br />
429 Kms
Amravati<br />
33 Kms<br />
WTP<br />
What was NRW in Amravati?<br />
22 Kms<br />
BPT<br />
Treated<br />
water<br />
supply to<br />
Amravati<br />
city<br />
Upper Wardha Dam<br />
Challenge:<br />
• Amravati: neither in JNNURM nor<br />
in UIDSSMT<br />
• Limited finance<br />
• We received only Rs 8.35 Crores<br />
for reforms<br />
Billing to all<br />
consumers<br />
NRW<br />
(55 %)<br />
82 MLD 52 MLD 30 MLD
How many Illegal Connections in Amravati?<br />
Illegal Connection in Red<br />
62,338<br />
Total Connections<br />
Loss <strong>of</strong> revenue = Rs<br />
114 Lakhs per<br />
Annum<br />
8,630<br />
(15 %)<br />
Illegal Connections
How many Valves in Amravati?<br />
Service<br />
Tank<br />
753<br />
Daily<br />
operated<br />
valves<br />
56<br />
Daily not<br />
operated<br />
DMA-1 DMA-2 DMA-3<br />
Staff Required<br />
Valvemen 27<br />
Jalsevak 102<br />
Total 129<br />
809<br />
Total<br />
Valve Open<br />
Valve Closed
How much Coping Costs in 4 Zones?<br />
Through a Consumer Survey<br />
Coping Costs<br />
buy plastic overhead tanks<br />
booster pumps<br />
Tankers<br />
buying small purification devices<br />
Rs 20<br />
Rs 150<br />
Rs 50<br />
Rs 250<br />
Rs 470/HH/Month<br />
Rs 5640/HH/ Year
• Low level investment<br />
• Poor services<br />
• Citizen unhappy<br />
• Unwilling to pay<br />
• Low income<br />
Introduce Change Management<br />
Unsustainable<br />
Negative Cycle<br />
Sustainable<br />
Positive Cycle<br />
• High investment<br />
• Improve services<br />
• Citizen satisfied<br />
• Willing to pay<br />
• Improve income
Former Member Secretary Giving Oath to the Staff<br />
Oath…<br />
• I vow that I shall devot myself for improving service<br />
delivery <strong>of</strong> water supply <strong>of</strong> 7 Lakhs people <strong>of</strong> Amravati,<br />
• I promise that I shall be a part <strong>of</strong> the team to create GIS<br />
maps, hydraulic model and installation <strong>of</strong> meters,<br />
• I assure that I shall go to site and find low pressures and<br />
identify the leaks,<br />
• I shall educate my people for the initiative
Convert Intermittent System to 24/7 Water Supply System<br />
24/7<br />
24 Hours a day 7 Days a week All weeks a year<br />
Clean Water with Pressure<br />
Till end <strong>of</strong><br />
project life..
City LPCD Supply<br />
Hours<br />
Goa 341 8<br />
Chandigarh 332 10<br />
Mumbai 240 5<br />
Delhi 223 4<br />
Patna 222 10<br />
Ludhiyana 220 10<br />
Jodhpur 190 2.5<br />
Amravati 137 2<br />
Total Towns (2011) = 5480<br />
London: 150 LPCD<br />
Paris: 170 LPCD..<br />
Source: World Bank, October 2005
Definite Relationship<br />
Ground<br />
water till<br />
1994<br />
Ground<br />
Water<br />
Leaking<br />
pipelines<br />
Cyclic<br />
Epidemic<br />
Cholera<br />
(1992): 29<br />
Deaths<br />
� City has history <strong>of</strong> proneness to epidemics<br />
� 24x7 initiative is contemplated by the MJP
How Disease Spreads?<br />
Amravati: Why 24x7 Initiative?<br />
Dirt<br />
Empty Pipeline<br />
In an Intermittent System<br />
Vacuum<br />
Dirt
Amravati: Why 24x7 Initiative?<br />
Dirt<br />
Empty Pipeline<br />
470 cases <strong>of</strong><br />
diarrhea<br />
annually<br />
In an Intermittent System<br />
Vacuum Water Kills<br />
(1992)<br />
1200 cases<br />
<strong>of</strong> Cholera<br />
Dirt<br />
29 people<br />
died <strong>of</strong><br />
Cholera
Bangladesh<br />
Madagascar<br />
Cambodia<br />
Western Sahara<br />
Cote d'Ivoire<br />
Tanzania<br />
Gambia, The<br />
Congo<br />
Equatorial Guinea<br />
Congo<br />
Malawi<br />
Nigeria<br />
Guinea-Bissau<br />
Amravati: Why 24x7 Initiative?<br />
India<br />
Burma<br />
Kenya<br />
Haiti<br />
Lesotho<br />
Laos<br />
Guinea<br />
Burundi<br />
Comoros<br />
Pakistan<br />
Somalia<br />
Niger<br />
Angola<br />
0 50 100 150 200<br />
Infant Mortality Ratio:<br />
India =48, Amravati= 26.9<br />
Source: www.indexmundi.com
Amravati: Why 24x7 Initiative?<br />
Intermittent<br />
Outside Dirt<br />
Empty Pipeline<br />
Vacuum<br />
Dirt Can’t Enter<br />
Pressurised Pipeline<br />
Most <strong>of</strong> the cities have<br />
history <strong>of</strong> proneness to<br />
epidemics- hence, this<br />
initiative <strong>of</strong> 24x7 must be<br />
taken by the Indian cities.<br />
24x7 System
Convert Intermittent System to 24/7 Water Supply System
To Convert<br />
Intermittent<br />
Water Supply<br />
<strong>of</strong> Amravati<br />
City<br />
Entire City:<br />
Into 24x7<br />
Continuous<br />
Water Supply<br />
Short Term:<br />
Four zones-<br />
Arjun Nagar, Sai<br />
Nagar, HSR,<br />
and abc<br />
into 24x7<br />
system
Where this initiative practiced?<br />
HSR<br />
Legend:<br />
ESR<br />
No. <strong>of</strong> Zones=16
Where this initiative practiced?<br />
Arjun Nagar<br />
Zone Population Properties Connectins Demand<br />
(MLD)<br />
Arjun Nagar 20686 4433 1421 2.96<br />
Sai Nagar 13798 3118 1950 1.44<br />
HSR 27381 5418 4570 2.55<br />
Maya Nagar 39901 8809 5101 5.02<br />
Total 1,01,766 21,778 13,042 10.97<br />
Sai Nagar Maya Nagar<br />
HSR<br />
Legend:<br />
ESR
Intermi<br />
-ttent<br />
System<br />
5 Important<br />
Measures<br />
Technical<br />
Organization<br />
Commercial<br />
Policy<br />
GIS<br />
Hyd. Model<br />
DMA<br />
Rehabilitation <strong>of</strong><br />
network<br />
Rehabilitation<br />
<strong>of</strong> network<br />
Pressure<br />
Management<br />
Leakage<br />
Management<br />
Metering Bulk +<br />
Consumer<br />
O&M to<br />
Sustain 24x7<br />
Volumetric<br />
Pricing<br />
Management<br />
Contracts<br />
Budget Adequate<br />
Reduction<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
NRW<br />
24x7<br />
System
Intermittent Supply System<br />
Base <strong>Dr</strong>awing<br />
Prepare Hydraulic Model<br />
Scenario <strong>of</strong> zones and DMAs<br />
Install meters and PRVs<br />
Water Audit<br />
Tackle leakiest DMA<br />
Leak repair, Rehabilitate pipes<br />
All DMAs<br />
tackled?<br />
24x7 Continuous Supply System<br />
Y<br />
N<br />
Basic principle<br />
�Save water by plugging<br />
leaks.<br />
�The saved water is then<br />
used to increase the supply<br />
hours.<br />
Tackle all<br />
DMAs
Improve<br />
Efficiency and<br />
sustainable ULB<br />
Reform<br />
Agenda for 24/7<br />
Water<br />
GIS Mapping<br />
Consumer Survey<br />
Hydraulic Modeling<br />
DMA Methodology<br />
Water Audit<br />
Pressure Management<br />
Energy Audit<br />
Computerized Billing and<br />
Collection System
What is Role <strong>of</strong> Geographic Information System (GIS)?<br />
GIS<br />
System<br />
Captures<br />
Stores<br />
Analyzes<br />
Manages<br />
Presents<br />
Data:<br />
Linked to<br />
Location
Digital map<br />
Road network and<br />
properties<br />
Zones and DMAs<br />
Role <strong>of</strong> GIS in Amravati 24x7 Water Supply<br />
GIS<br />
Consumers: Geo Coding<br />
Illegal connections<br />
Demand allocation
Technical Innovation: 3D Stereo Paired Satellite Image <strong>of</strong> Amravati<br />
Digital Globe Satellite:<br />
� Pan sharpened<br />
� 0.5 m Resolution
Stereo 2<br />
Technical Innovation: Principle <strong>of</strong> 3D Stereo Pair Satellite Image<br />
Convergence Angle<br />
Stereo 1
Technical Innovation: Sai Nagar- Derived contours<br />
60% Overlap<br />
Why Contours?<br />
� To give levels to nodes <strong>of</strong> distribution pipe network,<br />
� Pressure management- to keep minimum leakages
Technical Innovation: Sai Nagar- Derived contours<br />
How is Level given to Node?<br />
� Using advance feature <strong>of</strong> Trax,
Technical Innovation:<br />
3D Satellite Image<br />
Derived Accurate<br />
Contours<br />
Level to Nodes <strong>of</strong><br />
Pipe Network<br />
Simulation <strong>of</strong> Flow<br />
and Pressures<br />
Technical Innovation: Sai Nagar- Derived contours<br />
335<br />
335
• Consumes large<br />
memory<br />
• Not possible to use as<br />
backdrop drawing<br />
Raster Image<br />
Why Require Digitized Image?<br />
• Takes less memory<br />
• Easily used as backdrop<br />
drawing<br />
Vector Image
Technical Innovation: Application <strong>of</strong> GIS<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> Wards=81 Number <strong>of</strong> Zones=16<br />
with Pipe Network
Technical Innovation: Application <strong>of</strong> GIS and RDBMS in Consumer Survey<br />
Team for consumer survey at work<br />
� Properties = 1,31,723 lakhs properties<br />
� Water connections = 62,338.<br />
Aim<br />
Identify illegal<br />
connections<br />
Know number <strong>of</strong><br />
inhabitants in each<br />
property<br />
Allocation <strong>of</strong> demand<br />
using CPHEEO guidelines<br />
Category <strong>of</strong> each<br />
customer for tariff design
Technical Innovation: Application <strong>of</strong> GIS and RDBMS in Consumer Survey<br />
A<br />
B<br />
C<br />
D<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
Sai Nagar Zone
Technical Innovation: Application <strong>of</strong> GIS and RDBMS in Consumer Survey<br />
A<br />
B<br />
C<br />
D<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
Consumer<br />
Database<br />
Plots<br />
Flats<br />
Connections
B<br />
A<br />
C<br />
D<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
B2<br />
Technical Innovation: Application <strong>of</strong> GIS and RDBMS in Consumer Survey<br />
Consumer ID<br />
(4467)<br />
All databases are related<br />
to Plot-ids (B2-4467)<br />
Billing Data<br />
(1234)<br />
4467<br />
B2-4467<br />
Sanitation<br />
Mapping<br />
4467<br />
Property Tax<br />
1234
With<br />
Connections<br />
Technical Innovation: Application <strong>of</strong> GIS and RDBMS in Consumer Survey<br />
Total Consumers<br />
With some<br />
alternate source<br />
Without<br />
Connections<br />
Without any<br />
sources<br />
Suspect<br />
Algorithm for Tracking Illegal<br />
connections<br />
GIS: Illegal connections shown in red
Technical Innovation: Application <strong>of</strong> GIS and RDBMS in Consumer Survey<br />
Illegal Connections<br />
Algorithm for Tracking Illegal connections<br />
With<br />
Connections<br />
Total Properties<br />
With some<br />
alternate source<br />
OT Chlorine<br />
Test<br />
Without<br />
Connections<br />
Without any<br />
sources<br />
Physical<br />
verification<br />
Y If<br />
If<br />
Cl2 Y<br />
Conn.<br />
N<br />
Queries in GIS<br />
N<br />
If<br />
St. Post<br />
Y<br />
No Connection
Technical Innovation: GIS basedHydraulic Model<br />
�Analysis<br />
�Design<br />
�Operating networks<br />
�Reliably,<br />
�Safely<br />
�Efficiently<br />
Analysis<br />
Knowledge: water<br />
infrastructure<br />
Mathematical:<br />
Real-world system
Technical Innovation: GIS based Hydraulic Model<br />
Pressure (m)?<br />
Extended<br />
period<br />
Simulation<br />
Satellite Image<br />
24/7<br />
Computer<br />
Simulation<br />
Base Scenario Child Scenario<br />
Digitization<br />
Geo<br />
Referenced<br />
Pipe Network<br />
GIS based<br />
Hydraulic Model<br />
Extended period<br />
Simulation<br />
Simulation <strong>of</strong> Flow<br />
and Pressures<br />
Dynamic Values <strong>of</strong><br />
Flow and Pressures
How Pipelines Simulated?<br />
Tank<br />
FCV<br />
Pipe<br />
Junction<br />
WaterGems s<strong>of</strong>tware has been used
Inflow<br />
Outflow<br />
q2<br />
Pipe 1<br />
H 1<br />
2<br />
1<br />
q 1<br />
H 2<br />
Q 1<br />
h � kQ<br />
f<br />
Pipe 2<br />
Q 2<br />
Q 4<br />
Pipe 4<br />
1. 852<br />
10. 68L<br />
k �<br />
C D<br />
Technical Innovation: Application <strong>of</strong> GIS Based Hydraulic Model<br />
H.W. Equation<br />
1. 852 4. 87<br />
Q 3<br />
Solving Equations by VBA Application<br />
3<br />
4<br />
H 3<br />
q 3<br />
Pipe 3<br />
H 4<br />
q 4<br />
Node Continuity Equations<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
Pipe Energy Equations<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
q1 �Q1�Q4 Q1 �q2�Q2 Q2 �Q3�q3 Q4 �q4�Q3 h � ( H � H ) � k Q<br />
f 1 1 2 1<br />
1.85<br />
1<br />
h � ( H � H ) � k Q<br />
f 2 2 3 2<br />
1.85<br />
2<br />
h � ( H � H ) � k Q<br />
f 3 4 3 3<br />
1.85<br />
3<br />
Newton- Raphson Method<br />
h � ( H � H ) � k Q<br />
f 4 1 4 4<br />
1.85<br />
4
Technical Innovation: Demand Allocation to the Nodes by Thiessen Polygons<br />
Steps:<br />
� Polygon constructed<br />
around each node,<br />
� No. <strong>of</strong> properties in<br />
polygon are measured<br />
� No. <strong>of</strong> residents known<br />
� Multiply by a unit<br />
demand, say 135 LPCD<br />
� Aggregation to nearest<br />
node
Base<br />
Scenario<br />
<strong>of</strong><br />
Amravati<br />
Technical Innovation: Creation <strong>of</strong> scenarios for 24/7<br />
Active<br />
Topology<br />
Demand<br />
Operational<br />
Base Scenario<br />
<strong>of</strong> Amravati<br />
Arjun Nagar<br />
Sai Nagar<br />
HSC<br />
Satuna<br />
Maltekadi-1<br />
Maltekadi-2<br />
Bhim Tekadi<br />
Wadali<br />
VMV<br />
Nagpuri Gate<br />
Child<br />
Scenario<br />
<strong>of</strong> OZs
Measuring the flow at the<br />
outlet <strong>of</strong> tank<br />
Calibration <strong>of</strong> the Model<br />
Recording the pressure<br />
readings
Technical Innovation: Application for Converting to 24/7 Water Supply<br />
� Identification <strong>of</strong> negative or low pressures<br />
� Equitable distribution <strong>of</strong> drinking water<br />
� Reduction <strong>of</strong> Non Revenue Water (NRW) which is<br />
55% for Amravati<br />
� Creation <strong>of</strong> District Metering Areas (DMA)s<br />
� Help in leakage identification<br />
� Help in reduction <strong>of</strong> NRW<br />
� Help pressure management<br />
� Rezoning <strong>of</strong> the dis arrayed distribution system,<br />
without which 24/7 not possible<br />
� To rehabilitate and replacement <strong>of</strong> pipes in network<br />
� To identify defects in pipe network<br />
� Help in giving new connection<br />
24/7<br />
Continuous<br />
Water Supply
Salient Features:<br />
�No. <strong>of</strong> nodes = 9229<br />
�Zones = 16<br />
�Tanks = 20<br />
�DMAs = 60<br />
�FCV = 52<br />
�TCV = 709
Source<br />
Treatment<br />
Works<br />
Operational Zone<br />
Boundary<br />
Technical Innovation: Creation <strong>of</strong> GIS based Zones<br />
MBR<br />
District<br />
Meters<br />
Zone Meter<br />
DMA-1<br />
DMA-2<br />
Closed Valves<br />
DMA-3<br />
To OZ2<br />
To OZ3<br />
Operational zones are most strategic blocs for transformation into 24x7 system.
DMA<br />
inlet<br />
District<br />
Meter<br />
Pipe<br />
Network<br />
Customer’s<br />
House<br />
Q nrw = Q in - Q c<br />
Closed Valves painted<br />
in red<br />
DMA<br />
Boundary<br />
Customer’s<br />
Meter
� Number <strong>of</strong> DMAs = 60<br />
� Bulk Meters = 60<br />
Technical Innovation: GIS used for Creation <strong>of</strong> DMAs
Technical Innovation: GIS used for Creation <strong>of</strong> DMAs in Arjun nagar<br />
DMA-1<br />
DMA-2<br />
DMA-Meter<br />
DMA-3
Technical Innovation: AMR Technology (ARAD, Israel) used for Bulk Meter for Computing NRW<br />
Meter<br />
Cellular<br />
Network<br />
Transmission System<br />
• A system for metering data collected and transmitted from distant meters<br />
• Transmitting hourly to MJP <strong>of</strong>fice.<br />
• Transmission via cellular networks.<br />
MJP <strong>of</strong>fice,<br />
Amravati
Technical Innovation: AMR Technology (ARAD, Israel) used for Bulk Meter for Computing NRW<br />
Meter<br />
Why AMR not used for Consumer Meters?<br />
• AMR for customer’s meters is exorbitant for Indian condition,<br />
Cellular<br />
Network<br />
• AMR cost alone is Rs 9,900/ connection (in one small town),<br />
• With AMR cost + cost for other measures > Rs 30,000/<br />
connection,<br />
• Whereas, for Amravati city cost is Rs 4,300/ connection,<br />
• Rather than using AMR technology for customer’s meters, GIS<br />
with RDBMS and GIS based hydraulic model is a better method<br />
for reduction <strong>of</strong> NRW and cost recovery,<br />
• Since cost is low in Amravati, there is no public resistance even<br />
when MJP is practicing volumetric tariff.<br />
MJP<br />
<strong>of</strong>fice, Amravati
Amravati: Cost Per Connection<br />
Sr.No. Item Amount in lakh<br />
1 Procurement <strong>of</strong> statellite image <strong>of</strong> the city from NRSA, Hyderabad. 1.38<br />
2 Digitization <strong>of</strong> satellite image 7.57<br />
3 Purchasing Bently Water Gems S<strong>of</strong>tware 14.96<br />
4 Purchasing Arc-GIS s<strong>of</strong>tware 1.95<br />
5 Consumer Survey with integration with GIS Map 46.00<br />
6 Hydraulic Modelling- Done in house 0.00<br />
7 Energy Audit 1.99<br />
8 Water Audit - Done in House 0.00<br />
9 Water billing with customization 1.50<br />
10 Flow meters - Bulk & DMA meters for carrying out water audit. 300.00<br />
11 Renovation charges as per recommendations <strong>of</strong> Energy Audit. 180.89<br />
12 Capacity building, training programmes, communication with stakeholders, wide pubicity<br />
through media.<br />
12.50<br />
13 Infrastructure development such as renovation <strong>of</strong> hall for housing computers, purchasing <strong>of</strong><br />
hardware, computers, etc.<br />
46.80<br />
a Total expenditure for reform works for whole city Rs. 615.54<br />
b Total number <strong>of</strong> connection in the city. 65930.00<br />
c Expenditure per connection Rs. 933.63<br />
A Say Rs. 934.00<br />
B Expenditure in Arjun Nagar & Sai Nagar zone as detailed below<br />
14 For Arjun Nagar & Sai Nagar expenditure for replacement <strong>of</strong> old AC/PVC pipes, replacement <strong>of</strong><br />
existing pipes with corrected dia <strong>of</strong> pipeline as per model results & conversion <strong>of</strong> stand post to<br />
individual connections, construction <strong>of</strong> ESR in Sai Nagar as per operational zone demand as<br />
calculated from mass curve.<br />
113.00<br />
Total expenditure Rs. 113.00<br />
Total number <strong>of</strong> connection in the Arjun Nagar & Sai Nagar zones (1496 + 1880 = 3376) 3376<br />
Expenditure per connection Rs. 3347.16<br />
B Say Rs. 3350.00<br />
Per connection expenditure for conversion <strong>of</strong> Arjun Nagar & Sai Nagar zone into 24 x 7 supply<br />
(A+B) above Rs.<br />
4284.00<br />
C Say Rs./ Connection 4300.00
Technical Innovation: AMR Technology used for Predicting Unseen Bursts and Leaks<br />
13<br />
MNF=10 l/s<br />
MNF=13 l/s<br />
Leak,<br />
Burst ?<br />
� Leakage control is active.<br />
� Analysis <strong>of</strong> the DMA data prioritizes leakage detection activities.<br />
Zone Bursts Leakages<br />
Arjun Nagar 4 13<br />
Sai Nagar 3 8<br />
HSR 1 3<br />
Mayanagar 6 11<br />
Total 14 35
Technical Innovation: AMR Technology and GIS used for Water Audit for computing NRW<br />
System<br />
Input<br />
Volume<br />
(m 3 /Yr)<br />
Authorised<br />
Consumption<br />
(m 3 /Yr)<br />
Water<br />
Losses<br />
(m 3 /Yr)<br />
Billed<br />
Authorised<br />
Consumption<br />
Unbilled<br />
Authorised<br />
Consumption<br />
Apparent<br />
Losses<br />
Real<br />
Losses<br />
Billed Metered Consumption<br />
Billed Unmetered Consumption<br />
Unbilled Metered Consumption<br />
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption<br />
Unauthorised Consumption<br />
Customer Meter Inaccuracies<br />
Leakage on Transmission and<br />
Distribution Mains<br />
Leakage and Overflows at<br />
Storage Tanks<br />
Leakage on Service Connections<br />
up to point <strong>of</strong> Customer Meter<br />
Source: International Water Association (IWA)<br />
Revenue<br />
Water<br />
(m 3 /Yr)<br />
Non<br />
Revenue<br />
Water<br />
(m 3 /Yr)<br />
Input Losses Consumption<br />
Q in = Q nrw + Q c
Technical Innovation: AMR Technology and GIS used for Water Audit for computing NRW<br />
• Measure<br />
the<br />
supply<br />
Task-1<br />
Task-2 • Measure<br />
• Measure<br />
authorized<br />
metered<br />
use<br />
NRW= 39%<br />
authorized<br />
unbilled<br />
use<br />
Task-3<br />
NRW= 45%<br />
Task-4 • Analyze<br />
• Measure<br />
water<br />
losses<br />
NRW= 55%<br />
audit<br />
results<br />
Task-5
P1<br />
Technical Innovation: PRVs used for Equitable Pressure and Flow<br />
PRV<br />
P1<br />
PRV installed at Sai Nagar<br />
HGL<br />
Leakages<br />
Optimum<br />
pressure<br />
Pressure
Nodes (in<br />
Red) with<br />
negative<br />
pressures<br />
VMV Zone: Network: 51 Kms; Replacement: 1.2 Kms<br />
Nodes now<br />
(in Green)<br />
with positive<br />
pressures<br />
Before Rehabilitation After Rehabilitation
Arjun<br />
Nagar =<br />
6.5 Kms<br />
Replacement <strong>of</strong> Old Pipes : 55 Kms<br />
Total Length =<br />
55 Kms<br />
Sai<br />
Nagar=<br />
9.3 Kms<br />
HSR =<br />
15.6 Kms<br />
Maya<br />
Nagar =<br />
23.6 Kms
Technical Innovation: Positive Suction to Reduce Energy Bills<br />
Positive Suction<br />
Pump without positive suction<br />
Pump with positive suction<br />
Benefits<br />
• Lowered the head on pump<br />
by 10 m<br />
• Saved annual Rs 67 lakhs/<br />
year on this account.
Benefits<br />
Lowering Head in BPT<br />
• BPT was lowered by 10 m,<br />
• This has saved Rs 55 Lakhs/year<br />
BPT: Before<br />
BPT was placed at<br />
10 m extra height.<br />
10 m<br />
BPT: After
Out <strong>of</strong> 7 Lakh people, 1 Lakh people get 24/7 Continuous Water Supply<br />
6 Lakhs<br />
Sales<br />
1 Lakh<br />
24/7<br />
Continuous<br />
Water<br />
Total<br />
24-Jul
How much Coping Costs Reduced in 4 Zones?<br />
Through a Consumer Survey<br />
Coping Costs<br />
buy plastic overhead tanks<br />
booster pumps<br />
Tankers<br />
buying small purification devices<br />
Rs /House Hold/ Month<br />
Before<br />
(Rs)<br />
Rs 5640<br />
After<br />
(Rs)<br />
20 20<br />
150 -<br />
50 -<br />
250 -<br />
470 20<br />
Rs 240
Identifying the Leaks<br />
Leaking sluice valve Leaking scour valve
Overflowing overhead tank Overflowing underground<br />
tank without tap and meters
Legend:<br />
Coverage<br />
Without Coverage<br />
Coverage (%)<br />
120<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
100<br />
32.66<br />
Coverage<br />
SLB Before After<br />
46.64<br />
62.54<br />
79.4<br />
66.08<br />
57.9<br />
40.73<br />
36.1<br />
SLB Arjun Nagar Sai Nagar Maya Nagar HSR
Hours<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
24<br />
Continuity <strong>of</strong> Water Supply<br />
SLB Before After<br />
4<br />
24 24 24 24<br />
5<br />
3 3<br />
SLB Arjun Nagar Sai Nagar Maya Nagar HSR
Quality (%)<br />
101<br />
100<br />
99<br />
98<br />
97<br />
96<br />
95<br />
94<br />
93<br />
92<br />
100<br />
96<br />
Quality <strong>of</strong> Water<br />
SLB Before After<br />
100 100 100 100<br />
95 95<br />
SLB Arjun Nagar Sai Nagar Maya Nagar HSR<br />
97
Reduction in Water Borne Cases<br />
470<br />
65<br />
96<br />
4
Reduction in Infant Mortality Ratio (IMR)<br />
IMR<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
5<br />
0<br />
26.9<br />
14.3<br />
2009 2011<br />
Death <strong>of</strong> infants<br />
IMR �<br />
1000 born
%<br />
120<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
80<br />
Redressal <strong>of</strong> complaints<br />
SLB Before After<br />
85<br />
98 97 95 96<br />
80 82 83<br />
SLB Arjun Nagar Sai Nagar Maya Nagar HSR
Cost Recovery(%)<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
Cost Recovery in water supply services<br />
100<br />
SLB Before After<br />
172.4<br />
163<br />
150.6 155.1 157.2 158.1<br />
153.3<br />
SLB Arjun Nagar Sai Nagar Maya Nagar HSR<br />
201
Efficiency in Collection(%)<br />
100<br />
90<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
Efficiency in Collection <strong>of</strong> Water Related Charges<br />
90<br />
SLB Before After<br />
80 77.8<br />
65 64 66<br />
81 79<br />
SLB Arjun Nagar Sai Nagar Maya Nagar HSR<br />
62
How many Illegal Connections Reduced in Amravati?<br />
Illegal Connections Steps Taken:<br />
8630<br />
2150<br />
Before After<br />
Rs 114<br />
Lakhs<br />
Rs 28<br />
Lakhs<br />
Loss <strong>of</strong> revenue per year<br />
• Consumer Survey<br />
• IEC
� GIS technology has been used<br />
� GIS based hydraulic model created<br />
� GIS based DMAs created, using Zero pr. test DMA Hyd. discreted<br />
� With GIS based hydraulic model simulation <strong>of</strong> distribution system<br />
� Using step tests and replacing HSC NRW is reduced<br />
� AMR technology for bulk meters<br />
Sustaining Water Infrastructure<br />
� GIS based pressure management- leaks minimized<br />
� RDBMS used in tracking illegal connections and demand allocation<br />
� Innovative methods to reduce energy bills<br />
WSSD, India91
� Whole-to-part approach (adjacent zones not affected)<br />
� Largest population (1 Lakh) served by 24/7 water supply,<br />
� Biggest GIS based hydraulic model in India,<br />
� Equitable distribution <strong>of</strong> water to all parts <strong>of</strong> Amravati<br />
� Indigenous model prepared in-house,<br />
� Full fledged use <strong>of</strong> GIS in tracking illegal connections,<br />
� Positive suction is used to reduce electric energy<br />
� Lowered infant mortality ratio <strong>of</strong> epidemic prone city,<br />
� Lowest connection cost for convertion to 24/7,<br />
� With 3D satellite image, leakages kept at low by pr. magt.,
CE, MJP has started work <strong>of</strong> 24/7<br />
initiative in Naxalite area in<br />
� Gondia<br />
� Tiroda<br />
� Ballarpur<br />
� Aheri<br />
towns in Gondia, Chandrapur and<br />
Gadchiroli district.<br />
Naxalite area in India
� Triggered interests in the urban cities in the state.<br />
� Akola, Buldana residents demanded information through RTI<br />
� Replication in Ambarnath, Yavatmal, Latur, Jalochi, Khapa<br />
cities.<br />
� Successfully implemented 24x7 in Rural area <strong>of</strong> Daryapur and<br />
Thangaon in Nashik district.<br />
� MSNA program: GoM has a dream <strong>of</strong> converting all its 248<br />
cities to 24x7 by the turn <strong>of</strong> 2025.
BE Excellence Award 2008- Baltimore, USA<br />
“hydraulic model to transform an<br />
intermittent water supply to 24x7 water<br />
system”
From Hon. Rao Saheb<br />
Shekhavat, MLA, Amravati<br />
Appreciation from Government/ Local Bodies<br />
On the backdrop <strong>of</strong> this critical<br />
situation, Maharashtra Jeevan<br />
Pradhikaran (MJP) has embarked on<br />
the initiative <strong>of</strong> 24x7 water supply<br />
scheme for this city. MJP has<br />
successfully transformed the water<br />
supply <strong>of</strong> Arjun Nagar and the Sai<br />
Nagar area <strong>of</strong> the city on tap <strong>of</strong> 24x7.<br />
I wish all the success for your<br />
accomplishments in this initiative.
Appreciation from MP<br />
The city resident could get water<br />
only for 2 to 3 hours in the city. It is<br />
heartening to note that MJP has<br />
taken the initiative <strong>of</strong> 24x7 water<br />
supply scheme for the city. MJP has<br />
successfully transformed the water<br />
supply <strong>of</strong> Arjun Nagar and the Sai<br />
Nagar area to 24x7 mode.<br />
I congratulate MJP for this grand<br />
success and wish that the initiative<br />
will be replicated for the entire city.
Appreciation from Mayor<br />
It is promising to note that your<br />
department is working on the plan <strong>of</strong><br />
changing the present water supply to<br />
continuous mode <strong>of</strong> 24x7. With<br />
pains, engineers <strong>of</strong> MJP have<br />
successfully started 24x7 water<br />
supply in the area <strong>of</strong> Arjun Nagar and<br />
the Sai Nagar.<br />
I congratulate MJP for this grand<br />
success and wish that this initiative<br />
will be showcase for other cities in<br />
the country.<br />
WSSD, India98
Digitized<br />
Map<br />
Reduction <strong>of</strong><br />
NRW<br />
Sustainable<br />
Utility<br />
Consumer<br />
Survey<br />
Pressure<br />
Management<br />
Improved<br />
service<br />
delivery<br />
DMA<br />
Metering<br />
24x7
What is Required?<br />
IEC<br />
Continuous Efforts<br />
Monitoring<br />
Incentives<br />
Vigorous Training<br />
Dedicated Team<br />
Adequate Budget
Mr. Ajit Kumar Jain Principal Secretary to Hon. CM<br />
Mrs. Malini Shankar Principal Secretary, WSSD, GoM<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. Srinivas Chari Vedala Director, ASCI, Hyderabad<br />
Mr Adv. Kishor Shelke, Mayor,<br />
Mr Navin Sona, Municipal Commissioner<br />
For Inspiration
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