A History of Central Eastern Europe

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The government of the SLOVAK REPUBLIC todayThe Slovak Republic is divided into 8 administrative regions (kraj) named after each region's main city.Each region, in turn, is divided into several zones (okres). Representation in the parliament is determinedby these demarcations with each MP representing one zone. Two cities have more than one zone:Bratislava has five and Košice has four plus its outlying regions, the okolie.kraj okres kraj okres kraj okresBratislavský Zilinský KošickýBratislava I Bytča GelnicaBratislava II Čadca Košice IBratislava III Dolný Kubín Košice IIBratislava IV Kysucké Nové Mesto Košice IIIBratislava V Liptovský Mikuláš Košice IVMalacky Martin Košice - okolie (countryside)Pezinok Námestovo MichalovceSenec Ružomberok RožňavaTurcianske TepliceSobranceTrnavský Tvrdošín Spišská Nová VesDunajská Streda Žilina TrebišovGalanta(Malá Trňa)Hlohovec PrešovskýPieštany Bardejov BanskobystrickýSenica Humenné Banská BystricaSkalica Levoča Banská ŠtiavnicaTrnava Medzilaborce BreznoKežmarokDetvaTrencianský (Červený Klaštor KrupinaNové Mesto nad Váhom Majere municipality LučenecBánovce nad Bebravou Spišská Stará Ves city) PoltárMyjava Poprad RevúcaIlava Prešov Rimavská SobotaPartizánske Sabinov Veľký KrtíšPovažská Bystrica Snina ŽarnovicaPrievidza Stará Ľubovňa Žiar nad HronomPúchov Stropkov ZvolenTrenčínNitrianskýKomárnoLeviceNitraNové ZámkyŠaľaTopoľčanyZlaté MoravceSvidníkVranov nad TopľouNote: In addition to the kraj and okres there is anotheradministrative district called an obec. If we equate krajto a state and okres to a county, then an obec is roughlya township.34b
State in 833. The Great Moravian Kingdom followed in 836 under MOJMÍR I, followed byhis nephew RASTISLAV (died 870) in 846. RASTISLAV asked the Byzantine EMPERORMIKHAĒL III (840 – 867) and the PATRIARCH OF CONSTANTINOPLE, PHOTIOS I (c820 – 893)to send Slavic-speaking Bishops to teach the Gospels as a counter-measure to thegrowing influence of the Latin-speaking priests from East Francia. (While the POPE inthe Vatican claims descent from the Apostle SAINT PETER, the PATRIARCH inConstantinople claims descent from the Apostle SAINT ANDREW). The efforts ofCONSTANTINE included development of the Glagolitic alphabet to allow for theexpression of specifically Slavic sounds. That language is known as Old ChurchSlavonic while the present language of the liturgy for Eastern Orthodox and EasternCatholic Slavs is its derivative, Church Slavonic. With slight modifications, the Glagoliticalphabet became the Cyrillic one. Named as an honor to CYRIL, which was the namebestowed posthumously on CONSTANTINE, the Cyrillic alphabet is still very much in use.The Great Moravian Kingdom morphed into the Great Moravian Empire in 870under SVÄTOPLUK I (c830 – 894), the usurping nephew of RASTISLAV. The Empirereached its greatest size under the nephew and covered most of Moravia and Slovakiaand parts of Bulgaria, Czech and Poland. While the Great Schism within the CatholicChurch still lay in the future, its foundations were already being felt in Slovakia when thequestion arose regarding whose direct authority would any Catholic Church in the areabe: the POPE in Rome or the EMPEROR in Constantinople? The answer would not beeasily or completely answered though, in general, it can be stated that the CatholicChurch in most Slavic lands became affiliated with the Eastern or Byzantine Rite of theCatholic Church.Magyar tribes invading from the east during the 890s wedged themselvesbetween the Bulgars and the Slavs. The Slavs fled to the mountains once again wheremany adapted to the region and established the “highland” towns. In the last years ofthe reign of KING SVATOPLUK the Czech people allied themselves with the Germanstates, while the Poles established a separate kingdom of their own. In 897 C.E. KINGSVATOPLUK died and his heirs were besieged by Magyar invasions from Hungary. Theremnants of the Empire lasted until the fall of the castle at Bratislava to the Magyars in907 C.E. In 955 C.E. Czech and German armies defeated the Magyars and the areawas ruled by the Czech prince BOLESLAV and his successor BOLESLAV II until 999 C.E.,when the Magyars, once again, took control of the area. For the next millennium, theSlavic people would be ruled by outsiders. 5 6SPIŠ SZEPES ZIPSERHuge spruce forests cover quite a large area ofthe SPIŠ region in central Slovakia. The nearby PopradRiver is the only river in Slovakia that flows to the northemptying into the Baltic Sea.The coat-of-arms for SPIŠ has 5 sections. There isa quartered shield where each quarter represents a rulingfamily: the TURZO family is represented in the upperright field (as seen by the holder, not the viewer, of theshield) which is red with a golden lion; the KOROTNOKYfamily is represented in the upper left field of blue with asilver unicorn and a golden crown under its fore legs; theDRAVECZKY family coat-of-arms is35
Page 1 and 2: 2010©
Page 3 and 4: IndexCARPATHIAN BASIN - GENERAL HIS
Page 5 and 6: The borders of the countriesdiscuss
Page 7 and 8: ZEMPLÉN, HUNGARY (JOINT) SPIŠ, SL
Page 9 and 10: THE HUNNIC PEOPLEThe only reason to
Page 11 and 12: At the time that ISTVÁN was crowne
Page 13 and 14: 6b
Page 15 and 16: als at,his,asthetnicity ortake a le
Page 17 and 18: The Compromise of 1867 established
Page 19 and 20: Who counts and who Counts: the diff
Page 21 and 22: THE REINS OF GOVERNMENT - WHO HELD
Page 23 and 24: fungus that causes blight on a wide
Page 25 and 26: HOSSZÚ-LÁZOur grandfather JÓZSEF
Page 27 and 28: feet east of the main road in the r
Page 29 and 30: Located about 12 miles northeast of
Page 31 and 32: (elevation 1,512 ft). This earlier
Page 33 and 34: was NOT satisfied; ISTVÁN forced a
Page 35 and 36: REFORMÁTUS TEMPLOMPetőfi SandorTh
Page 37 and 38: BORTEMPLOMFasor utcaUnique to the t
Page 39 and 40: MAGYAR BAPTIST CHURCH, 917 South Cl
Page 41 and 42: ERZSÉBET KORHÁZ(Elizabeth Hospita
Page 43 and 44: This railroad station wasprobably t
Page 45 and 46: Coat-of-Arms of the Slovenská repu
Page 47: The Macedonians reached the Adriati
Page 51 and 52: found in the lower right field of b
Page 53 and 54: ZIPSER STÄDTEBUNDThe ZIPSERBUND or
Page 55 and 56: TÍZLÁNDZSÁSOK (Hungarian) NOBILE
Page 57 and 58: COAT-OF-ARMS OF THE PREŠOVSKÝ KRA
Page 59 and 60: A very smart man decided to include
Page 61 and 62: Slovak DressPopular motifs found in
Page 63 and 64: German records it is found as both
Page 65 and 66: Below is a partial list of th e Sai
Page 67 and 68: possession of the powerful BERZEVIC
Page 69 and 70: ČERVENÝ KLÁŠTORThe Cartesian or
Page 71 and 72: SLOVAK SOCIETYSlovakia has historic
Page 73 and 74: 1490), KING OF HUNGARY and ULÁSZL
Page 75 and 76: The monastery was severely damaged
Page 77 and 78: Growing up there was the Roman Cath
Page 79 and 80: EVANJELICKÁ CIRKEV. A second churc
Page 81 and 82: LYSÁ NAD DUNAJCOMWith a population
Page 83: Numbered References1 The Controvers

A History of Central Eastern Europe

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