Essential Cell Biology 5th edition

Index
I:11
familial hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy 605
hemophilia 239F, 307, 317, 334, 672,
680
Kartagener’s syndrome 592
muscular dystrophy 579
progeria 579
role of environment and mutations
680, 682–683
stem cell studies 717
Tay-Sachs disease 681–682
Timothy syndrome 717
xeroderma pigmentosum 215
Zellweger syndrome 506–507
genetic engineering
bacterial enzymes 145
GFP tagging as 520
optogenetics as 421
protein production using 158,
161–162, 361
selective breeding as 334
signal sequence investigations 502
transgenic organisms 355, 357F,
358–360, 577
see also DNA cloning
genetic linkage 672, 684–685
genetic maps 672, 675F
genetic screens 676, 677F, 678
genetic variation, generating 298–308,
643–644
genetics
complementation tests 675F, 678
Drosophila melanogaster model 29
experiments in classical genetics
674–676
human genetics 678–687
mouse model 32
genomes
Caenorhabditis elegans 29
comparing 297–298
genomic DNA libraries 339
of mitochondria and chloroplasts 17,
19, 458
phylogenetic trees 310, 314
role in the cell 6
whole-genome duplication 298,
306
see also genome size; human
genome
genome sequences/sequencing
automated 346–348
and common ancestors 33–34, 297
and genome organization 310
and protein databases 159, 161F
as records of DNA replication and
repair 223
species sequenced 180, 323
techniques 346–350
see also human genome; nucleotide
sequences/sequencing
genome size 34–35, 180
E. coli 334
viruses 318
genome-wide association studies
(GWAS) 677, 683, 685–686
genomic libraries/DNA libraries 339,
348
genotypes defined 666, 675F
geometry see conformations
germ cells/germ line 299–300, 652
GFP fusion proteins 353–354, 521
GFP (green fluorescent protein) 24T,
118F, 353–354, 384, 520–521
G i
protein 548
Giant gene 281F
Gilbert, Walter 324
Gleevec ® (imatinib) 148, 729
glioblastoma 725
globins, a- and b- 133, 304–305
b-globin gene/protein 181F, 191, 222F,
239F, 243, 305, 308, 311F
globular proteins 134, 189F, 581
glucagon 268, 396, 450, 550T
gluconeogenesis 448–449
glucosamine 73F, 700F
N-acetyl- 53, 73F
glucose
configurations and isomers 52–53
feedback regulation and 447–448
and glycolysis 430
and insulin secretion 522
passive transport 396
as predominant energy source 428
see also glycogen
glucose 6-phosphate 436F, 448–450
glucose transporter 118F, 396, 398F,
400–401, 402F
glucuronic acid 73F, 700F
glutamate 418, 420
glutamine synthesis 106, 110
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (and
dehydrogenase) 431T, 432, 434, 435F,
436F–437F, 480
in carbon fixation 486–488
glycerols, triacyl- 54–55, 74F, 370F,
439F, 450
glycine 418, 420
glycocalyx 383, 516
glycogen 53, 73F, 102, 396, 445,
449–450, 496F, 550T, 551, 552T
breakdown and adrenaline 550T, 551
glycogen phosphorylase 449
glycogen synthetase 449
glycolipids
as amphipathic 367, 368F
chemistry 53, 55, 75F
membrane asymmetry and 374
glycolysis
biosynthetic pathways beginning
with 441
in cancer cells 723
coupled reactions 434F
enzymes involved 431T
oxidation coupled with energy
storage 434
in plants 449F, 450
reversed as gluconeogenesis
448–449
as second stage of catabolism 430
of sugars 430–431
ten stages of 431–432, 436F–437F
glycoproteins 53, 382
glycosidic links 53, 78F
glycosylation 516, 527
GMOs (genetically modified organisms)
355
GMP (guanosine monophosphate),
cyclic 555, 557F
goblet cells 703, 712–713
gold-labeled antibodies 141F
“golden rice” 360
Golgi apparatus
appearance 20
cis and trans networks 519, 522, 527
cisternae 512F, 513T, 518–519
COP-coated vesicles 513
as ER protein destination 511
function in eukaryotes 497T, 498
microtubules and 587, 590
origin of membrane asymmetry
373
protein modification by 511,
518–519
gonorrhea 308
GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors)
545–557
adrenergic receptors as 550
as cell-surface receptors 543
as drug targets 545
and G protein subunits 545–546
as GTP-binding 542
intracellular signaling pathways
from 555–557
structure 545
G q
protein 552, 553F, 555
gradient-driven pumps 397, 399–401,
402F
active transport 399–400
symports, antiports, and uniports
400
grana 479, 487F
green fluorescent protein (GFP) 17F,
24T, 32F, 118F, 353, 384, 520
green sulfur bacteria 489
Griffith, Fred 193–194
growth factors 643, 644
GTP-binding proteins
dynamin 512, 514F
as molecular switches 154, 542
trimeric (see G proteins)
“GTP cap” 583
GTP (guanosine triphosphate)
citric acid cycle 440
GTP hydrolysis 504, 505F, 583–584
GTP tubulin 583–584
GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) 505F,
542, 559
GTPases
G protein a subunit 546
monomeric GTPases 504, 505F, 514,
542, 559, 598
Rab as 514, 515F
Ran as 504
Ras as 559
Rho as 598
guanine 57
guanine nucleotide exchange factors
(GEFs) 154F, 505F, 542, 559
guanylyl cyclase 555
guide RNAs 358–359
GWAS (genome-wide association
studies) 677, 683, 685–686
H
H + ion see hydronium; protons
HaeIII restriction enzyme 335, 337F
Haemophilus influenzae 348
hair cells, auditory 13F, 408, 409F, 419T,
702
Halobacterium halobium 379, 477
handedness, of helices 127–128, 177F,
185
haploid cells
distinguished from diploid 652
germ cells as 652
haploid nuclei, meiosis II 660
haplotype blocks 679–680
Hartwell, Lee 30–31, 616