Essential Cell Biology 5th edition

Index
Note: The index covers the text and figure captions but not the marginal or end-of-chapter questions. The suffixes F and T
after a page reference indicate relevant figures or tables on pages where no text treatment has been indexed.
A
A site, ribosomes 251, 252F, 253–254,
256T
abbreviations and codes
amino acids 76F, 120F
nucleotides and bases 79F, 175–176
absorptive cells/brush-border cells 523,
703–704, 712–714
acetic acid 49, 470
acetyl CoA
as an activated carrier 108–109
in the citric acid cycle 430, 438–441,
462
mitochondrial conversions to
438, 462F
oxidation, ATP yield 469T
acetylation, lysine residues 153,
189–191
acetylcholine
cardiac ion channel effects 548
as excitatory neurotransmitter
418, 419T
as extracellular signal molecule 536T
ion channel binding 418F
phospholipase C and 552T
acetylcholine receptor 118F, 418,
419–420, 537, 543
N-acetylglucosamine 53, 73F
acid anhydrides 67F
acidic side-chain amino acids 77F
acidity
hydrolytic enzymes and 527
maintenance in organelles 395,
401–402, 465
acids
acidic side-chain amino acids 77F
hydronium ion formation by 49–50
proton donation by 470
strong and weak 69F
see also amino acids; carboxylic
acids
aconitase/cis-aconitate 442F
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
550T
actin
b-actin gene 325F
animal cell cortex 381
contractile structures with myosin
597, 599–605, 627
polymerization 593–594
actin-binding proteins 592, 594–596,
598–599, 603F
actin filaments 22, 134, 574, 592–599
binding to extracellular matrix
698–699, 705
cell cortex and 595–597, 600F
extracellular signals 598–599
structural polarity 593
actin-related proteins (ARPs) 595,
598–599
action at a distance 276
action potentials
direction 415F
nerve axons 411, 414–416
transmitter-gated ion channels
409–410
triggering muscle contraction 604
voltage-gated ion channels 411–416
activated carriers
acetyl CoA as 108–109
ATP as 104–106, 479
and biosynthesis 101–112
carboxylated biotin as 109T, 110F
in cell respiration 427
chemiosmotic coupling and 462
coupled reactions and 101, 104
FADH 2
as 108, 438, 440
in fatty acid breakdown 438
GTP as 440
NADH and NADPH as 106–107, 479
in photosynthesis 86, 478–479, 482
S-adenosylmethionine as 109T
activation energy 89–90, 91F, 100, 146,
147F, 428F
active sites 149, 151, 241F, 257, 259,
261F, 475, 509, 516
competitive inhibition and 145F
lysozyme 146–147
serine proteases 132F
active transport
contrasted with passive 393
gradient-driven pumps 399–400
three types of pump 397
see also pump proteins
adaptation, photoreceptor cells 556
adaptins 513, 514F
adenine
methylation 218
polyadenylation 237–239, 242, 244F
as a purine base 57
adenosine phosphates see ADP; AMP;
ATP
adenovirus 319F
adenylyl cyclase 375T, 547–549, 551F,
552, 562F
adherens junctions 704–705, 706F, 708F
adipocytes 450
ADP (adenosine 5′-diphosphate) 57F
ATP/ADP ratio 467–468
as regulatory ligand 151F
see also ATP; phosphorylation
adrenaline see epinephrine
adrenergic receptors 118F, 550
aerobic metabolism 438, 476, 478, 489
affinity chromatography 159, 166F
age and cancer incidence 223F, 721
age-related macular degeneration
(AMD) 685
aging, humans 357F, 475, 579
aging, mice 357F
agriculture 28, 359–360
Agrobacterium 360F
AIDS 318T, 319F, 320, 344F, 526, 680
Akt kinase (PKB) 561, 562F
albinism 667–668, 680
aldolase 436F
alkalis see bases
alleles
dominant and recessive 665–666
as gene variants 653
law of independent assortment
668–669
mixing in meiosis 664
SNP linkage to 684
allosteric proteins
allosteric enzymes 151, 152F, 160T
cytochrome c oxidase 474
E. coli tryptophan repressor 273
hemoglobin 304
phosphofructokinase 448
a helices
as amphipathic 371, 372F
as a common folding pattern
126–128
in enzyme-coupled receptors 558
in GPCRs 545F
in intermediate filaments 576
proposed 160T
protein-membrane association 128,
376–378, 510
a subunit, G protein 545–549, 553F,
556
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) 578
alternative splicing 241, 288
Alu sequences 310, 311F, 317, 322F
Alzheimer’s disease 129, 130F
AMD (age-related macular
degeneration) 685
amino acid sequences/sequencing
in antibodies 139
determined by nucleotide sequences
178, 181F
and the genetic code 178
importance of 59
intrinsically disordered sequences
131
protein characterization 159–161
protein shape and 119–121
signal sequences (sorting signals)
501–502, 504–505, 507, 509