Essential Cell Biology 5th edition

Recommendations

Info

24 CHAPTER 1 Cells: The Fundamental Units of LifeTABLE 1–1 HISTORICAL LANDMARKS IN DETERMINING CELL STRUCTURE1665 Hooke uses a primitive microscope to describe small chambers in sections of cork that he calls “cells”1674 Leeuwenhoek reports his discovery of protozoa. Nine years later, he sees bacteria for the first time1833 Brown publishes his microscopic observations of orchids, clearly describing the cell nucleus1839 Schleiden and Schwann propose the cell theory, stating that the nucleated cell is the universal building block of plant andanimal tissues1857 Kölliker describes mitochondria in muscle cells1879 Flemming describes with great clarity chromosome behavior during mitosis in animal cells1881 Cajal and other histologists develop staining methods that reveal the structure of nerve cells and the organization ofneural tissue1898 Golgi first sees and describes the Golgi apparatus by staining cells with silver nitrate1902 Boveri links chromosomes and heredity by observing chromosome behavior during sexual reproduction1952 Palade, Porter, and Sjöstrand develop methods of electron microscopy that enable many intracellular structures to beseen for the first time. In one of the first applications of these techniques, Huxley shows that muscle contains arrays ofprotein filaments—the first evidence of a cytoskeleton1957 Robertson describes the bilayer structure of the cell membrane, seen for the first time in the electron microscope1960 Kendrew describes the first detailed protein structure (sperm whale myoglobin) to a resolution of 0.2 nm using x-raycrystallography. Perutz proposes a lower-resolution structure for hemoglobin1965 de Duve and his colleagues use a cell-fractionation technique to separate peroxisomes, mitochondria, and lysosomesfrom a preparation of rat liver1968 Petran and collaborators make the first confocal microscope1970 Frye and Edidin use fluorescent antibodies to show that plasma membrane molecules can diffuse in the plane of themembrane, indicating that cell membranes are fluid1974 Lazarides and Weber use fluorescent antibodies to stain the cytoskeleton1994 Chalfie and collaborators introduce green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a marker to follow the behavior of proteins in livingcells1990s–2000sBetzig, Hell, and Moerner develop techniques for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy that allow observation ofbiological molecules too small to be resolved by conventional light or fluorescence microscopyA few of the key discoveries are listed in Table 1–1. In addition, Panel1–2 (p. 25) summarizes the main differences between animal, plant, andbacterial cells.QUESTION 1–6Discuss the relative advantages anddisadvantages of light and electronmicroscopy. How could you bestvisualize a living skin cell, a yeastmitochondrion, a bacterium, anda microtubule?Eukaryotic Cells May Have Originated as PredatorsEukaryotic cells are typically 10 times the length and 1000 times the volumeof prokaryotic cells, although there is huge size variation within eachcategory. They also possess a whole collection of features—a nucleus,a versatile cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and other organelles—that setthem apart from bacteria and archaea.When and how eukaryotes evolved these systems remains something of amystery. Although eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea must have divergedfrom one another very early in the history of life on Earth (discussed inChapter 14), the eukaryotes did not acquire all of their distinctive featuresat the same time (Figure 1–29). According to one theory, the ancestraleukaryotic cell was a predator that fed by capturing other cells. Such away of life requires a large size, a flexible membrane, and a cytoskeletonto help the cell move and eat. The nuclear compartment may haveevolved to keep the DNA segregated from this physical and chemical
PANEL 1–2 CELL ARCHITECTURE 25ANIMAL CELLmicrotubulecentrosome withpair of centrioleschromatin (DNA)nuclear poreextracellular matrixvesicleslysosomemitochondrionactinfilamentsnucleolusnucleus5 µmendoplasmicreticulumperoxisomeribosomes incytosolGolgiapparatusintermediatefilamentsplasmamembraneGolgiapparatusnucleolusmitochondrionflagellumribosomes incytosolThree cell types are drawnhere in a more realisticmanner than in the schematicdrawing in Figure 1–24.The animal cell drawing isbased on a fibroblast, a cellthat inhabits connective tissueand deposits extracellularmatrix. A micrograph of aliving fibroblast is shown inFigure 1–7A. The plant celldrawing is typical of a youngleaf cell. The bacterium shownis rod-shaped and has a singleflagellum for motility. Acomparison of the scale barsreveals the bacterium’srelatively small size.chromatin(DNA)nuclearporecell wallmicrotubulevacuole(fluid-filled)outer membraneperoxisomeDNAplasma membranechloroplastcell wallribosomesin cytosolBACTERIAL CELLPLANT CELL1 µmactin filamentslysosome5 µm
Page 3:
ESSENTIALCELL BIOLOGYFIFTH EDITION
Page 6 and 7:
W. W. Norton & Company has been ind
Page 8 and 9: viPrefaceanswer and others invite s
Page 10 and 11: viiiPrefaceDenise Schanck deserves
Page 12 and 13: ABOUT THE AUTHORSBRUCE ALBERTS rece
Page 14 and 15: xiiList of Chapters and Special Fea
Page 17 and 18: PrefacexvCONTENTSPreface vAbout the
Page 19 and 20: ContentsxviiThe Equilibrium Constan
Page 21 and 22: ContentsxixCHAPTER 6DNA Replication
Page 23 and 24: ContentsxxiPOST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL CON
Page 25 and 26: ContentsxxiiiCHAPTER 11Membrane Str
Page 27 and 28: ContentsxxvCHAPTER 14Energy Generat
Page 29 and 30: ContentsxxviiCHAPTER 16Cell Signali
Page 31 and 32: ContentsxxixCHAPTER 18The Cell-Divi
Page 33 and 34: ContentsxxxiGENETICS AS AN EXPERIME
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER ONE1Cells: The FundamentalU
Page 37 and 38: Unity and Diversity of Cells3mechan
Page 39 and 40: Unity and Diversity of Cells5nucleo
Page 41 and 42: Cells Under the Microscope7The Inve
Page 43 and 44: Cells Under the Microscope9cytoplas
Page 45 and 46: The Prokaryotic Cell110.2 mm(200 µ
Page 47 and 48: The Prokaryotic Cell13SUPER-RESOLUT
Page 49 and 50: The Prokaryotic Cell15(A)HSV10 µmF
Page 51 and 52: The Eukaryotic Cell17nucleusnuclear
Page 53 and 54: The Eukaryotic Cell19chloroplastsch
Page 55 and 56: The Eukaryotic Cell21lysosomenuclea
Page 57: The Eukaryotic Cell23duplicatedchro
Page 61 and 62: Model Organisms27(C)(D)(A) (B) (E)
Page 63 and 64: Model Organisms29Figure 1-34 Drosop
Page 65 and 66: Model Organisms31INTRODUCE FRAGMENT
Page 67 and 68: Model Organisms33(A) (B) (C)50 µm
Page 69 and 70: Model Organisms35TABLE 1-2 SOME MOD
Page 71 and 72: Questions37• Free-living, single-
Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER TWO2Chemical Components of
Page 75 and 76: Chemical Bonds41number of protons.
Page 77 and 78: Chemical Bonds43+atoms+SHARING OFEL
Page 79 and 80: Chemical Bonds45Four electrons can
Page 81 and 82: Chemical Bonds47Because of the favo
Page 83 and 84: Chemical Bonds49Some Polar Molecule
Page 85 and 86: Small Molecules in Cells51with othe
Page 87 and 88: Small Molecules in Cells53optical i
Page 89 and 90: Small Molecules in Cells55can be re
Page 91 and 92: Small Molecules in Cells57O _O _ ph
Page 93 and 94: Macromolecules in Cells59Figure 2-3
Page 95 and 96: Macromolecules in Cells61ultracentr
Page 97 and 98: Macromolecules in Cells63BBAAthe su
Page 99 and 100: Questions65KEY TERMSacid electrosta
Page 101 and 102: 67C-O COMPOUNDSMany biological comp
Page 103 and 104: 69WATER AS A SOLVENTMany substances
Page 105 and 106: 71ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTIONSElectros
Page 107 and 108: 73α AND β LINKSThe hydroxyl group
Page 109 and 110:
75LIPID AGGREGATESFatty acids have
Page 111 and 112:
77ACIDIC SIDE CHAINSNONPOLAR SIDE C
Page 113 and 114:
79NOMENCLATUREThe names can be conf
Page 115 and 116:
CHAPTER THREE3Energy, Catalysis, an
Page 117 and 118:
The Use of Energy by Cells83(A) (B)
Page 119 and 120:
The Use of Energy by Cells85ABraise
Page 121 and 122:
The Use of Energy by Cells87H 2 OPH
Page 123 and 124:
Free Energy and Catalysis89thermody
Page 125 and 126:
Free Energy and Catalysis91lake wit
Page 127 and 128:
Free Energy and Catalysis93FOR THE
Page 129 and 130:
Free Energy and Catalysis95REACTION
Page 131 and 132:
Free Energy and Catalysis97to the c
Page 133 and 134:
Free Energy and Catalysis99Figure 3
Page 135 and 136:
Activated Carriers and Biosynthesis
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Essential Concepts113ESSENTIAL CONC
Page 149:
Questions115a kilocalorie (kcal) is
Page 152 and 153:
118 PANEL 4-1 A FEW EXAMPLES OF SOM
Page 154 and 155:
120 CHAPTER 4 Protein Structure and
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
140PANEL 4-2 MAKING AND USING ANTIB
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
144HOW WE KNOWMEASURING ENZYME PERF
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
164 PANEL 4-3 CELL BREAKAGE AND INI
Page 200 and 201:
166PANEL 4-4 PROTEIN SEPARATION BY
Page 202 and 203:
168PANEL 4-6 PROTEIN STRUCTURE DETE
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
174 CHAPTER 5 DNA and ChromosomesTh
Page 210 and 211:
176 CHAPTER 5 DNA and Chromosomes5
Page 212 and 213:
178 CHAPTER 5 DNA and Chromosomes(A
Page 214 and 215:
180 CHAPTER 5 DNA and ChromosomesFi
Page 216 and 217:
182 CHAPTER 5 DNA and ChromosomesY
Page 218 and 219:
184 CHAPTER 5 DNA and ChromosomesFi
Page 220 and 221:
186 CHAPTER 5 DNA and Chromosomesli
Page 222 and 223:
188 CHAPTER 5 DNA and ChromosomesTH
Page 224 and 225:
190 CHAPTER 5 DNA and Chromosomeshe
Page 226 and 227:
192 CHAPTER 5 DNA and Chromosomesge
Page 228 and 229:
194CHAPTER 5DNA and Chromosomesform
Page 230 and 231:
196 CHAPTER 5 DNA and ChromosomesQU
Page 232 and 233:
198 CHAPTER 5 DNA and ChromosomesQU
Page 234 and 235:
200 CHAPTER 6 DNA Replication and R
Page 236 and 237:
202HOW WE KNOWTHE NATURE OF REPLICA
Page 238 and 239:
204CHAPTER 6DNA Replication and Rep
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
228 CHAPTER 7 From DNA to Protein:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
246HOW WE KNOWCRACKING THE GENETIC
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 301 and 302:
CHAPTER EIGHT8Control of Gene Expre
Page 303 and 304:
An Overview of Gene Expression269(A
Page 305 and 306:
How Transcription Is Regulated271de
Page 307 and 308:
How Transcription Is Regulated273tr
Page 309 and 310:
How Transcription Is Regulated275Li
Page 311 and 312:
How Transcription Is Regulated277fo
Page 313 and 314:
Generating Specialized Cell Types27
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Post-Transcriptional Controls287Alt
Page 323 and 324:
Post-Transcriptional Controls289rib
Page 325 and 326:
Post-Transcriptional Controls291At
Page 327 and 328:
Questions293• MicroRNAs (miRNAs)
Page 329:
Questions295specialized cells is ba
Page 332 and 333:
298 CHAPTER 9 How Genes and Genomes
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
324HOW WE KNOWCOUNTING GENESHow man
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
5′ 3′5′3′330 CHAPTER 9 How
Page 367 and 368:
CHAPTER TEN10Analyzing the Structur
Page 369 and 370:
Isolating and Cloning DNA Molecules
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
IIIIIIIIIIIIIDNA Cloning by PCR341D
Page 377 and 378:
DNA Cloning by PCR343HEAT TOSEPARAT
Page 379 and 380:
DNA Cloning by PCR345(A)ANALYSIS OF
Page 381 and 382:
Sequencing DNA347single-stranded DN
Page 383 and 384:
Sequencing DNA349repetitive DNAinte
Page 385 and 386:
Exploring Gene Function351each loca
Page 387 and 388:
Exploring Gene Function353(A)CONSTR
Page 389 and 390:
Exploring Gene Function355E. coli,
Page 391 and 392:
Exploring Gene Function357(A)(B)Fig
Page 393 and 394:
Exploring Gene Function359fused to
Page 395 and 396:
Exploring Gene Function361Figure 10
Page 397 and 398:
Questions363• DNA sequencing tech
Page 399 and 400:
CHAPTER ELEVEN11Membrane StructureA
Page 401 and 402:
ECB5 e11.05/11.05The Lipid Bilayer3
Page 403 and 404:
The Lipid Bilayer369hydrogen bondsC
Page 405 and 406:
The Lipid Bilayer371sets a lower li
Page 407 and 408:
The Lipid Bilayer373Figure 11-16 Ne
Page 409 and 410:
Membrane Proteins375TRANSPORTERS AN
Page 411 and 412:
Membrane Proteins377A Polypeptide C
Page 413 and 414:
Membrane Proteins379Figure 11-26 SD
Page 415 and 416:
Membrane Proteins381spectrin dimera
Page 417 and 418:
Membrane Proteins383apical plasmame
Page 419 and 420:
ECB5 e11.36/11.36Membrane Proteins3
Page 421 and 422:
Questions387• Most cell membranes
Page 423 and 424:
CHAPTER TWELVE12Transport Across Ce
Page 425 and 426:
Principles of Transmembrane Transpo
Page 427 and 428:
Principles of Transmembrane Transpo
Page 429 and 430:
Transporters and Their Functions395
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
Ion Channels and the Membrane Poten
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Ion Channels and Nerve Cell Signali
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455 and 456:
Page 457 and 458:
Essential Concepts423• Ion channe
Page 459:
Questions425QUESTION 12-18Amino aci
Page 462 and 463:
428 CHAPTER 13 How Cells Obtain Ene
Page 464 and 465:
Page 466 and 467:
Page 468 and 469:
Page 470 and 471:
436PANEL 13-1 DETAILS OF THE 10 STE
Page 472 and 473:
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
442PANEL 13-2 THE COMPLETE CITRIC A
Page 478 and 479:
444HOW WE KNOWUNRAVELING THE CITRIC
Page 480 and 481:
Page 482 and 483:
Page 484 and 485:
Page 486 and 487:
Page 489 and 490:
CHAPTER FOURTEEN14Energy Generation
Page 491 and 492:
Energy Generation in Mitochondria a
Page 493 and 494:
Mitochondria and Oxidative Phosphor
Page 495 and 496:
Page 497 and 498:
Page 499 and 500:
Page 501 and 502:
Page 503 and 504:
Molecular Mechanisms of Electron Tr
Page 505 and 506:
Page 507 and 508:
Page 509 and 510:
Page 511 and 512:
Page 513 and 514:
Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis479c
Page 515 and 516:
Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis481F
Page 517 and 518:
Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis483T
Page 519 and 520:
Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis485r
Page 521 and 522:
Chloroplasts and Photosynthesis487s
Page 523 and 524:
The Evolution of Energy-Generating
Page 525 and 526:
Essential Concepts491(A)1 µm(B)Fig
Page 527 and 528:
Questions493C. The electrochemical
Page 529 and 530:
CHAPTER FIFTEEN15Intracellular Comp
Page 531 and 532:
Membrane-Enclosed Organelles497mito
Page 533 and 534:
Membrane-Enclosed Organelles499DNAm
Page 535 and 536:
Protein Sorting501proteins that are
Page 537 and 538:
Protein Sorting503they have the sam
Page 539 and 540:
Protein Sorting505prospective nucle
Page 541 and 542:
Protein Sorting507the first six mon
Page 543 and 544:
Protein Sorting509mRNAgrowingpolype
Page 545 and 546:
Vesicular Transport511hydrophobicst
Page 547 and 548:
Vesicular Transport513(A)(C)25 nm(B
Page 549 and 550:
Secretory Pathways515receptorcargo
Page 551 and 552:
Secretory Pathways517KEY:= glucose=
Page 553 and 554:
Secretory Pathways519cisGolginetwor
Page 555 and 556:
Secretory Pathways521ERGolgiapparat
Page 557 and 558:
Endocytic Pathways523protein in the
Page 559 and 560:
Endocytic Pathways525shed their coa
Page 561 and 562:
Endocytic Pathways527Figure 15−35
Page 563 and 564:
Essential Concepts529• Nuclear pr
Page 565:
Questions531their destination. Thus
Page 568 and 569:
534 CHAPTER 16 Cell Signalingconsid
Page 570 and 571:
536 CHAPTER 16 Cell Signalingcontac
Page 572 and 573:
538 CHAPTER 16 Cell Signaling(A) he
Page 574 and 575:
540 CHAPTER 16 Cell SignalingFigure
Page 576 and 577:
Page 578 and 579:
544 CHAPTER 16 Cell SignalingTABLE
Page 580 and 581:
Page 582 and 583:
548 CHAPTER 16 Cell Signalinga diff
Page 584 and 585:
Page 586 and 587:
Page 588 and 589:
554 CHAPTER 16 Cell Signalingby mem
Page 590 and 591:
556 CHAPTER 16 Cell Signalingouters
Page 592 and 593:
ECB5 e16.32/16.29558 CHAPTER 16 Cel
Page 594 and 595:
Page 596 and 597:
562 CHAPTER 16 Cell Signalinggrowth
Page 598 and 599:
564CHAPTER 16Cell Signalinginvolve
Page 600 and 601:
Page 602 and 603:
Page 604 and 605:
570 CHAPTER 16 Cell Signalingcyclas
Page 606 and 607:
572 CHAPTER 16 Cell SignalingQUESTI
Page 608 and 609:
574 CHAPTER 17 CytoskeletonFigure 1
Page 610 and 611:
576 CHAPTER 17 Cytoskeleton(A)NH 2C
Page 612 and 613:
578 CHAPTER 17 Cytoskeletonbasal ce
Page 614 and 615:
Page 616 and 617:
582 CHAPTER 17 Cytoskeletonnucleati
Page 618 and 619:
584 CHAPTER 17 Cytoskeleton(A)GROWI
Page 620 and 621:
586 CHAPTER 17 CytoskeletonQUESTION
Page 622 and 623:
588HOW WE KNOWPURSUING MICROTUBULE-
Page 624 and 625:
Page 626 and 627:
Page 628 and 629:
594 CHAPTER 17 Cytoskeletonactin wi
Page 630 and 631:
596 CHAPTER 17 Cytoskeletonof actin
Page 632 and 633:
598 CHAPTER 17 Cytoskeletonplus end
Page 634 and 635:
Page 636 and 637:
myofibrils602 CHAPTER 17 Cytoskelet
Page 638 and 639:
Page 640 and 641:
606 CHAPTER 17 CytoskeletonThe cont
Page 642 and 643:
608 CHAPTER 17 CytoskeletonQUESTION
Page 644 and 645:
610 CHAPTER 18 The Cell-Division Cy
Page 646 and 647:
Page 648 and 649:
Page 650 and 651:
616CHAPTER 18The Cell-Division Cycl
Page 652 and 653:
Page 654 and 655:
Page 656 and 657:
Page 658 and 659:
Page 660 and 661:
Page 662 and 663:
628PANEL 18-1 THE PRINCIPAL STAGES
Page 664 and 665:
Page 666 and 667:
Page 668 and 669:
Page 670 and 671:
Page 672 and 673:
Page 674 and 675:
Page 676 and 677:
Page 678 and 679:
Page 680 and 681:
Page 682 and 683:
ECB5 EQ18.14/Q18.14648 CHAPTER 18 T
Page 685 and 686:
CHAPTER NINETEEN19Sexual Reproducti
Page 687 and 688:
The Benefits of Sex653Figure 19−2
Page 689 and 690:
Meiosis and Fertilization655In this
Page 691 and 692:
Meiosis and Fertilization657(A)MITO
Page 693 and 694:
Meiosis and Fertilization659duplica
Page 695 and 696:
Meiosis and Fertilization661(A)(B)m
Page 697 and 698:
Meiosis and Fertilization663gamete
Page 699 and 700:
Mendel and the Laws of Inheritance6
Page 701 and 702:
Page 703 and 704:
Page 705 and 706:
Page 707 and 708:
Page 709 and 710:
PANEL 19-1 SOME ESSENTIALS OF CLASS
Page 711 and 712:
Genetics as an Experimental Tool677
Page 713 and 714:
Exploring Human Genetics679With the
Page 715 and 716:
Exploring Human Genetics681remainde
Page 717 and 718:
Exploring Human Genetics683prevalen
Page 719 and 720:
Exploring Human Genetics685Such lin
Page 721 and 722:
Essential Concepts687and function a
Page 723 and 724:
Questions689C. Genotype and phenoty
Page 725 and 726:
CHAPTER TWENTY20Cell Communities: T
Page 727 and 728:
Extracellular Matrix and Connective
Page 729 and 730:
Page 731 and 732:
ECB5 e20.11-20.11Extracellular Matr
Page 733 and 734:
Page 735 and 736:
Epithelial Sheets and Cell Junction
Page 737 and 738:
Page 739 and 740:
Page 741 and 742:
Page 743 and 744:
Stem Cells and Tissue Renewal709cyt
Page 745 and 746:
Stem Cells and Tissue Renewal711epi
Page 747 and 748:
Stem Cells and Tissue Renewal713LUM
Page 749 and 750:
Stem Cells and Tissue Renewal715SEL
Page 751 and 752:
Stem Cells and Tissue Renewal717reg
Page 753 and 754:
Cancer719normal epithelial cellprim
Page 755 and 756:
Cancer721Figure 20−43 Cancer inci
Page 757 and 758:
Cancer7232. Cancer cells can surviv
Page 759 and 760:
Cancer725(B)(A)loss-of-function mut
Page 761 and 762:
Cancer727(A)Figure 20-50 Colorectal
Page 763 and 764:
Essential Concepts729Figure 20-53 A
Page 765 and 766:
731It turns out that APC regulates
Page 767 and 768:
Questions733KEY TERMSadherens junct
Page 769 and 770:
AnswersChapter 1ANSWER 1-1 Trying t
Page 771 and 772:
Answers A:3proteins, nucleic acids,
Page 773 and 774:
Answers A:5B. The volume of the pag
Page 775 and 776:
Answers A:7X YYYY Zenzyme lowers th
Page 777 and 778:
Answers A:9ANSWER 3-16A. From Table
Page 779 and 780:
Answers A:11on its surface; however
Page 781 and 782:
Answers A:13rate (µmole/min)210 5
Page 783 and 784:
Answers A:15transcriptionally inact
Page 785 and 786:
Answers A:17HNNadenineNNHNH 2NH 2NO
Page 787 and 788:
Answers A:19(A) NORMALsplicing173 b
Page 789 and 790:
Answers A:21Figure A8-2minor groove
Page 791 and 792:
5′ 3′3′Answers A:23proliferat
Page 793 and 794:
Answers A:25that its function is ve
Page 795 and 796:
Answers A:27additional fragments ge
Page 797 and 798:
Answers A:29slightly water-soluble,
Page 799 and 800:
Answers A:311 2 3 4OUTSIDEFigure A1
Page 801 and 802:
Answers A:33ANSWER 12-21 The membra
Page 803 and 804:
Answers A:35STEP1STEP2STEP3STEP4COO
Page 805 and 806:
Answers A:37in their reduced form.
Page 807 and 808:
Answers A:39D. Prokaryotic cells do
Page 809 and 810:
Answers A:41cells that evolved. New
Page 811 and 812:
Answers A:43ANSWER 16-14 Activation
Page 813 and 814:
Answers A:45becomes localized by bi
Page 815 and 816:
Answers A:47ANSWER 18-3 For multice
Page 817 and 818:
Answers A:49overlapping interpolar
Page 819 and 820:
Answers A:51large amounts of alcoho
Page 821 and 822:
Answers A:53chromosome during a mei
Page 823 and 824:
Answers A:55ANSWER 20-9A. False. Ga
Page 825 and 826:
Glossaryacetyl CoAActivated carrier
Page 827 and 828:
Glossary G:3Ca 2+ /calmodulin-depen
Page 829 and 830:
Glossary G:5cyclic AMPSmall intrace
Page 831 and 832:
Glossary G:7a chain of enzymatic re
Page 833 and 834:
Glossary G:9homologousDescribes gen
Page 835 and 836:
Glossary G:11membrane of a cell or
Page 837 and 838:
Glossary G:13oxidative phosphorylat
Page 839 and 840:
Glossary G:15as a molecular marker
Page 841 and 842:
Glossary G:17stromaIn a chloroplast
Page 843 and 844:
IndexNote: The index covers the tex
Page 845 and 846:
IndexI:3BB lymphocytes/B cells 140F
Page 847 and 848:
IndexI:5internal membranes 19, 365-
Page 849 and 850:
IndexI:7cultured cell types 285cult
Page 851 and 852:
IndexI:9endosomes 497-500, 507, 511
Page 853 and 854:
IndexI:11familial hypertrophiccardi
Page 855 and 856:
IndexI:13integrases 319integrinsin
Page 857 and 858:
IndexI:15mitochondrial DNA 17, 245,
Page 859 and 860:
IndexI:17oxaloacetate 110F, 142, 43
Page 861 and 862:
IndexI:19pyrophosphate (PP i) 111,
Page 863 and 864:
IndexI:21spindle poles 627F, 629F,
Page 865:
IndexI:23water-splitting enzyme (ph
show all

Essential Cell Biology 5th edition

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?