Essential Cell Biology 5th edition

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Contents
CHAPTER 10
Analyzing the Structure and Function of
Genes 333
ISOLATING AND CLONING DNA MOLECULES 334
Restriction Enzymes Cut DNA Molecules at Specific Sites 335
Gel Electrophoresis Separates DNA Fragments of Different Sizes 335
DNA Cloning Begins with the Production of Recombinant DNA 337
Recombinant DNA Can Be Copied Inside Bacterial Cells 337
An Entire Genome Can Be Represented in a DNA Library 339
Hybridization Provides a Sensitive Way to Detect Specific Nucleotide Sequences 340
DNA CLONING BY PCR 341
PCR Uses DNA Polymerase and Specific DNA Primers to Amplify
DNA Sequences in a Test Tube 342
PCR Can Be Used for Diagnostic and Forensic Applications 343
SEQUENCING DNA 346
Dideoxy Sequencing Depends on the Analysis of DNA Chains
Terminated at Every Position 346
Next-Generation Sequencing Techniques Make Genome Sequencing Faster and
Cheaper 347
Comparative Genome Analyses Can Identify Genes and Predict Their Function 350
EXPLORING GENE FUNCTION 350
Analysis of mRNAs Provides a Snapshot of Gene Expression 351
In Situ Hybridization Can Reveal When and Where a Gene Is Expressed 352
Reporter Genes Allow Specific Proteins to Be Tracked in Living Cells 352
The Study of Mutants Can Help Reveal the Function of a Gene 354
RNA Interference (RNAi) Inhibits the Activity of Specific Genes 354
A Known Gene Can Be Deleted or Replaced with an Altered Version 355
Genes Can Be Edited with Great Precision Using the Bacterial CRISPR System 358
Mutant Organisms Provide Useful Models of Human Disease 359
Transgenic Plants Are Important for both Cell Biology and Agriculture 359
Even Rare Proteins Can Be Made in Large Amounts Using Cloned DNA 361
ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS 362
QUESTIONS 363