Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies

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Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies late 1990s. The production cost of Haitian sugar was three times more than the world price in the 1980s. Shifts in the world sugar market, caused mainly by international substitution of corn-based fructose for sugarcane, exerted further pressure on Haitian producers, and production stagnated. Total sugar exports dropped from 19,200 tons in 1980 to 6,500 tons in 1987. In 1988 Haiti exported no sugar. The country's three major industrial sugar mills, including the oldest one, the Haitian American Sugar Company (HASCO) near Port-au-Prince, have ceased operations, citing losses caused by competition from cheap legal and illegal imports. Another industrial mill, the Centrale Dessalines, produced 20,000 tons of sugar in 1994. In addition, Haiti has almost 1,000 peasant-run mills. Total production of raw sugar in 1994 was estimated at 30,000 tons. Sugar export earnings fell from G22.7 million in 1986-87 to G2 million in 1990-91. Haiti is now a net importer of sugar. Other cash crops include cocoa, cotton, sisal, and essential oils. Cacao plants covered an estimated 10,400 hectares in 1987 and yielded about 4,000 tons of cocoa a year. But cocoa has been declining in importance, as shown by the drop in its export earnings from US$4 million in 1987-88 to US$660,000 in 1995-96. Cotton cultivation peaked in the 1930s, before Mexican boll weevil beetles ravaged the crop. In the 1960s, growers introduced a higher quality of cotton, which was processed in local cotton gins and then exported to Europe. But when cotton prices fell in the 1980s, cotton plantings shrank from 12,400 hectares in 1979 to under 8,000 hectares by 1986, and exports ceased. Sisal, exported as a twine since the 1920s, peaked in the 1950s, when industries spawned by the Korean War used up much of the nation's 40,000-ton output. As the substitution of synthetic fibers for sisal reduced most large-scale growing of the plant in the 1980s, however, Haiti exported an average of only 6,500 tons a year, mainly to the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico. The export of essential oils, derived from vetiver, lime, amyris, and bitter orange for the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, peaked in 1976 at 395 tons. Exports gradually leveled off at a little more than 200 tons, generating an average of US$5 million in foreign exchange. 392
Cleaning mud from an old irrigation canal in the Artibonite Valley Making mountainside terraces at Dofourmi, above Port-au-Prince, for reforestation planting Courtesy Inter-American Development Bank 393
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area handbook series Dominican Repu
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On the cover: Hispaniola (La Isla E
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Acknowledgments The authors wish to
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Lamar C. Wilson and Patricia Kluck
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Mass Media 199 Roman Catholic Churc
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Higher Education 354 HEALTH 355 Fer
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HAITI'S EXTERNAL AND DOMESTIC SECUR
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Preface Like its predecessors, thes
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Introduction THE HISTORIES OF THE T
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Rafael Trujillo in the Dominican Re
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30,000 Haitians were reportedly dep
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firmed by a sharply divided legisla
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PRD," laying the groundwork for Mej
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— Topography: Mountain ranges div
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since 1948, Dominican Republic peso
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— constitutional reform, Supreme
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^ V 9{prtft Mtantic Ocean Internati
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Table A. (Cont.) Dominican Republic
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Tomb of the three fathers of the Do
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Dominican Republic and Haiti: Count
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Chapter 2. Dominican Republic: The
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DOMINICAN SOCIETY OF THE late 1990s
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. Dominican Republic: The Society a
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Dominican Republic: The Society and
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View of theDuarte Highway north of
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, Dominican Republic: The Society a
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Ruralfamily in Hato-Nuevo Magueyal,
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— Dominican Republic: The Society
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Farmer preparingjute he has grown C
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Fishing cooperative, San Pedro de M
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Student in a computer class Courtes
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LONG DEPENDENT ON SUGAR, the Domini
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Dominican Republic: The Economy Hai
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Dominican Republic: The Economy pie
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Dominican Republic: The Economy als
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Picking cotton Courtesy Inter-Ameri
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Dominican Republic: The Economy niz
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Dominican Republic: The Economy ere
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Worker in textile mill Courtesy Int
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The Tavera Dam Courtesy Inter-Ameri
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— Dominican Republic: The Economy
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Dominican Republic: The Economy ear
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Unloading lumber, port ofHaina Cour
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Dominican Republic: The Economy ass
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View of the Alcazar de Colon, the h
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— Dominican Republic and Haiti: C
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s Dominican Republic and Haiti: Cou
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The Torre del Homenaje, Santo Domin
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Topography: Five mountain ranges di
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1990s, Haiti's assembly sector oper
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OPL. In June 1997, Smarth resigned.
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, _ International boundary _ Depart
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Table B. (Continued) Haiti: Chronol
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Figurefrom a painting by Prosper Pi
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IN 1804 HAITI EMERGED FROM thirteen
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Haiti: The Society and Its Environm
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— Haiti: The Society and Its Envi
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A house-raising Courtesy Inter-Amer
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Boats arrivingfor market day in Res
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primarily as an advocacy and policy
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. . 231,509 Dominican Republic and
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Glossary Caribbean Basin Initiative
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in — Dominican Republic and Haiti
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Published Country Studies (Area Han
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