Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies

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Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies As the only country that has maintained a resident aid mission in Haiti since the 1970s, the United States has made significant contributions to the country's economy through USAID. USAID's efforts have concentrated on such programs as nutrition, family planning, watershed management, agro-forestry, and improving rural conditions through soil conversion. USAID also has pursued narcotics interdiction, migration control, and political reform. United States assistance between 1982 and 1987 accounted for 35 percent of Haiti's total external aid and 60 percent of its bilateral aid. USAID was credited in 1982 with setting a new trend of distributing larger amounts of its assistance through NGOs rather than through Haitian ministries. By the late 1980s, other donors followed suit, and more and more humanitarian aid was distributed through a network of NGOs. When Haitian officials complained about lack of coordination among these organizations, USAID financed the creation of the Haitian Association of Voluntary Agencies (HAVA), an umbrella NGO whose function is to coordinate all aspects of humanitarian aid and whose membership exceeds 100. As a result, in the late 1990s most aid continued to be distributed through NGOs. Labor Haiti's labor force was estimated to be 2.94 million in 1992, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. About two-thirds of the workers are engaged in agriculture, despite the shift to services and manufacturing over the past several decades. More than two-thirds of Haitians are still not part of the formal economy, however, and continue to live by subsistence farming. Assembly plants, most of which are concentrated in the Port-au-Prince area, provide the bulk of manufacturing employment. Approximated 150,000 manufacturing jobs were lost after the military coup of 1991. Although some thirtv plants were reopened after Aristide's return to power in 1994, unemployment in the late 1990s was estimated at between 60 percent and 70 percent, compared with 49 percent in the late 1980s. As with other statistics, unemployment figures vary, depending on the methodologies used in gathering such data. Figures vary widely as to the numbers of Haitians living and working in the Dominican Republic (see Haitians, ch. 2). Two United States analysts believe there were some 500,000 Haitians and Dominico-Haitians (Dominicans of Haitian ancestry) 384
Planting beans at Gallette Chambon in the Cul-de-Sac Plain Courtesy Inter-American Development Bank
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area handbook series Dominican Repu
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On the cover: Hispaniola (La Isla E
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Acknowledgments The authors wish to
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Lamar C. Wilson and Patricia Kluck
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Mass Media 199 Roman Catholic Churc
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Higher Education 354 HEALTH 355 Fer
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HAITI'S EXTERNAL AND DOMESTIC SECUR
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Preface Like its predecessors, thes
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Introduction THE HISTORIES OF THE T
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Rafael Trujillo in the Dominican Re
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30,000 Haitians were reportedly dep
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firmed by a sharply divided legisla
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PRD," laying the groundwork for Mej
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— Topography: Mountain ranges div
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since 1948, Dominican Republic peso
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— constitutional reform, Supreme
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^ V 9{prtft Mtantic Ocean Internati
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Table A. (Cont.) Dominican Republic
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Tomb of the three fathers of the Do
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Dominican Republic and Haiti: Count
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Chapter 2. Dominican Republic: The
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DOMINICAN SOCIETY OF THE late 1990s
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. Dominican Republic: The Society a
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Dominican Republic: The Society and
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Ruralfamily in Hato-Nuevo Magueyal,
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— Dominican Republic: The Society
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Farmer preparingjute he has grown C
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Fishing cooperative, San Pedro de M
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LONG DEPENDENT ON SUGAR, the Domini
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Dominican Republic: The Economy Hai
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— Dominican Republic: The Economy
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s Dominican Republic and Haiti: Cou
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The Torre del Homenaje, Santo Domin
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Topography: Five mountain ranges di
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1990s, Haiti's assembly sector oper
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OPL. In June 1997, Smarth resigned.
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, _ International boundary _ Depart
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Table B. (Continued) Haiti: Chronol
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IN 1804 HAITI EMERGED FROM thirteen
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Published Country Studies (Area Han
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