Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies

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Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies At the end of the nineteenth century, there were 350 public schools in Haiti. This number increased to 730 schools in 1917; the schools, however, served a mere 11 percent of the country's school-age children. The 1940s saw some expansion of public education. Public schools grew very slowly between 1960 and 1971, a trend that has continued to the present. To compensate, religious communities and private individuals have opened a growing number of schools. Private education represented 20 percent of enrollment in 1959-60 and 57 percent of primary school enrollment in 1979-80. By 1996-97, private schools accounted for more than 75 percent of primary and secondary school enrollment. Therefore, private education is the norm in Haiti today, and public schools cater to less than 10 percent of the school-age population. More than 67 percent of Haiti's private schools are religious, including 10 percent Roman Catholic and some 59 percent Protestant and nondenominational. There are a number of secular community schools, and a rapidly growing number of schools that operate as commercial enterprises, mostly unlicensed and unmonitored. According to the 1996-97 school census, 42 percent of all primary schools and 64 percent of secondary schools are less than ten years old. An estimated 67 percent of private schools are affiliated with the Haitian Private School Foundation (Fondation Haitienne d'Enseignement Prive—Fonhep), founded in the late 1980s with support from the United States Agency for International Development. Access to quality education in Haiti runs parallel to the classbased structure of Haitian society. The best schools serve about 5 percent of total enrollment. These are mostly religious schools in urban areas, such as the venerable College St. Louis de Gonzague in Port-au-Prince. The public school system, an increasingly small proportion of all schools, constitutes a middle range in quality. The remaining vast majority of private schools fall into the bottom category, offering poor instruction and limited materials. As a result, the overall quality of education is low. Parents and families—and most families are poor—bear the primary financial burden of getting an education in Haiti. According to figures from 1996-97, families cover a phenomenal 61 percent of all educational expenditures, compared to 7 percent from the national budget and 32 percent from nongovernmental organizations and large donor agencies. 350
Classroom, University ofHaiti, Faculty ofMedicine and Pharmacy, Port-au-Prince Partially completed addition to an elementary school Courtesy Inter-American Development Bank 351
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area handbook series Dominican Repu
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On the cover: Hispaniola (La Isla E
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Acknowledgments The authors wish to
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Lamar C. Wilson and Patricia Kluck
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Mass Media 199 Roman Catholic Churc
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Higher Education 354 HEALTH 355 Fer
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HAITI'S EXTERNAL AND DOMESTIC SECUR
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Preface Like its predecessors, thes
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Introduction THE HISTORIES OF THE T
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Rafael Trujillo in the Dominican Re
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30,000 Haitians were reportedly dep
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firmed by a sharply divided legisla
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PRD," laying the groundwork for Mej
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— Topography: Mountain ranges div
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since 1948, Dominican Republic peso
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— constitutional reform, Supreme
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^ V 9{prtft Mtantic Ocean Internati
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Table A. (Cont.) Dominican Republic
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Tomb of the three fathers of the Do
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Dominican Republic and Haiti: Count
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Chapter 2. Dominican Republic: The
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DOMINICAN SOCIETY OF THE late 1990s
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. Dominican Republic: The Society a
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Dominican Republic: The Society and
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View of theDuarte Highway north of
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, Dominican Republic: The Society a
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Ruralfamily in Hato-Nuevo Magueyal,
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— Dominican Republic: The Society
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Farmer preparingjute he has grown C
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Fishing cooperative, San Pedro de M
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Student in a computer class Courtes
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LONG DEPENDENT ON SUGAR, the Domini
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Dominican Republic: The Economy Hai
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— Dominican Republic: The Economy
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Dominican Republic: The Economy pie
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Dominican Republic: The Economy als
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Picking cotton Courtesy Inter-Ameri
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Dominican Republic: The Economy niz
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Dominican Republic: The Economy ere
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135
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Worker in textile mill Courtesy Int
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The Tavera Dam Courtesy Inter-Ameri
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— Dominican Republic: The Economy
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Dominican Republic: The Economy ear
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Unloading lumber, port ofHaina Cour
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Dominican Republic: The Economy ass
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Dominican Republic: The Economy com
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View of the Alcazar de Colon, the h
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s Dominican Republic and Haiti: Cou
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The Torre del Homenaje, Santo Domin
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Topography: Five mountain ranges di
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1990s, Haiti's assembly sector oper
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OPL. In June 1997, Smarth resigned.
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, _ International boundary _ Depart
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Table B. (Continued) Haiti: Chronol
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Figurefrom a painting by Prosper Pi
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Page 345 and 346: IN 1804 HAITI EMERGED FROM thirteen
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. . 231,509 Dominican Republic and
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in — Dominican Republic and Haiti
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Published Country Studies (Area Han
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