Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies the 1980s and 1990s. Nevertheless, the middle class remains a small minority in the late 1990s, perhaps 15 percent of the population. Despite greater access to political power, the middle class tends to be insecure in its social position and culturally ambivalent, subject to conflict between Franco-Haitian and .Afro-Haitian cultural traditions. Social characteristics of members of the middle class include a moderate income, literacy, knowledge of French, a preference for occupations that do not require manual labor, and upward mobilitv through education and urban residence. Despite their emulation of the upper class, middleclass Haitians resent the social preeminence and class and color prejudice of the elite. Peasants Since 1950 the population of rural Haiti has increased by an estimated 167 percent to a total of 4.5 million people, mostly small peasant farmers. During this period, rural areas dropped proportionally from 88 percent to only 59 percent of the population. Current evidence indicates that rural poverty is more severe than urban poverty. The majority of rural households are highly vulnerable to food shortages, and more than 80 percent fall below the poverty line according to FAO standards. Peasant occupation of the agricultural landscape is based on widely dispersed homesteads and several noncontiguous plots within each farm unit (see Natural Resources, this ch.). Most farms include productive activity on sites the farmer does not own. Farmers are simultaneously owner-operators, landlords, and tenants, depending on the plot. Many are land poor, but the number of landless farmers who rely solely on wage labor is relatively small. Landless peasants are likely to migrate to urban areas. Unlike peasants in much of Latin America, most of Haiti's peasants have owned land since the early nineteenth century. Land is the most valuable rural commodity, and peasant families go to great lengths to retain it and to increase their holdings. Peasants in general have control over their landholdings. to their plots. Haiti has never con- but many lack clear title ducted a cadastral survey, but it is likely that many families have passed on land over generations without updating land titles. Division of land equally among male and female heirs has resulted in farm plots that are too small to warrant the high 332
A house-raising Courtesy Inter-American Foundation Haitian peasants Courtesy Pan-American Development Foundation 333
Page 1:
area handbook series Dominican Repu
Page 6 and 7:
On the cover: Hispaniola (La Isla E
Page 9:
Acknowledgments The authors wish to
Page 12 and 13:
Lamar C. Wilson and Patricia Kluck
Page 14 and 15:
Mass Media 199 Roman Catholic Churc
Page 16 and 17:
Higher Education 354 HEALTH 355 Fer
Page 18 and 19:
HAITI'S EXTERNAL AND DOMESTIC SECUR
Page 21 and 22:
Preface Like its predecessors, thes
Page 23 and 24:
Introduction THE HISTORIES OF THE T
Page 25 and 26:
Rafael Trujillo in the Dominican Re
Page 27 and 28:
30,000 Haitians were reportedly dep
Page 29 and 30:
firmed by a sharply divided legisla
Page 31:
PRD," laying the groundwork for Mej
Page 34 and 35:
— Topography: Mountain ranges div
Page 36 and 37:
since 1948, Dominican Republic peso
Page 38 and 39:
— constitutional reform, Supreme
Page 40 and 41:
^ V 9{prtft Mtantic Ocean Internati
Page 42 and 43:
Table A. (Cont.) Dominican Republic
Page 44 and 45:
Tomb of the three fathers of the Do
Page 46 and 47:
Dominican Republic and Haiti: Count
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 87 and 88:
Chapter 2. Dominican Republic: The
Page 89 and 90:
DOMINICAN SOCIETY OF THE late 1990s
Page 91 and 92:
. Dominican Republic: The Society a
Page 93 and 94:
Dominican Republic: The Society and
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
View of theDuarte Highway north of
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
, Dominican Republic: The Society a
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Ruralfamily in Hato-Nuevo Magueyal,
Page 117 and 118:
— Dominican Republic: The Society
Page 119 and 120:
Farmer preparingjute he has grown C
Page 121 and 122:
Fishing cooperative, San Pedro de M
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
— Dominican Republic: The Society
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Student in a computer class Courtes
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139:
Page 143 and 144:
LONG DEPENDENT ON SUGAR, the Domini
Page 145 and 146:
Dominican Republic: The Economy Hai
Page 147 and 148:
Dominican Republic: The Economy The
Page 149 and 150:
— Dominican Republic: The Economy
Page 151 and 152:
Dominican Republic: The Economy The
Page 153 and 154:
Dominican Republic: The Economy edg
Page 155 and 156:
Dominican Republic: The Economy pie
Page 157 and 158:
Dominican Republic: The Economy als
Page 159 and 160:
Picking cotton Courtesy Inter-Ameri
Page 161 and 162:
Dominican Republic: The Economy niz
Page 163 and 164:
Dominican Republic: The Economy 139
Page 165 and 166:
Dominican Republic: The Economy ere
Page 167 and 168:
135
Page 169 and 170:
Dominican Republic: The Economy Ine
Page 171 and 172:
Dominican Republic: The Economy kil
Page 173 and 174:
Worker in textile mill Courtesy Int
Page 175 and 176:
Dominican Republic: The Economy Nic
Page 177 and 178:
Dominican Republic: The Economy gro
Page 179 and 180:
The Tavera Dam Courtesy Inter-Ameri
Page 181 and 182:
— Dominican Republic: The Economy
Page 183 and 184:
Dominican Republic: The Economy ear
Page 185 and 186:
Unloading lumber, port ofHaina Cour
Page 187 and 188:
Dominican Republic: The Economy ass
Page 189:
Dominican Republic: The Economy com
Page 192 and 193:
View of the Alcazar de Colon, the h
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
— Dominican Republic and Haiti: C
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
— —I Dominican Republic and Hai
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
s Dominican Republic and Haiti: Cou
Page 242 and 243:
The Torre del Homenaje, Santo Domin
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Topography: Five mountain ranges di
Page 286 and 287:
1990s, Haiti's assembly sector oper
Page 288 and 289:
OPL. In June 1997, Smarth resigned.
Page 290 and 291:
, _ International boundary _ Depart
Page 292 and 293:
Table B. (Continued) Haiti: Chronol
Page 294 and 295:
Figurefrom a painting by Prosper Pi
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315: Dominican Republic and Haiti: Count
Page 324 and 325: . Dominican Republic and Haiti: Cou
Page 332 and 333: — Dominican Republic and Haiti: C
Page 342: Dominican Republic and Haiti: Count
Page 345 and 346: IN 1804 HAITI EMERGED FROM thirteen
Page 347 and 348: Haiti: The Society and Its Environm
Page 361 and 362: — Haiti: The Society and Its Envi
Page 363: Haiti: The Society and Its Environm
Page 369 and 370: Boats arrivingfor market day in Res
Page 371 and 372: primarily as an advocacy and policy
Page 383 and 384: Classroom, University ofHaiti, Facu
Page 387 and 388: Doctor examining infant, Miragodne
Page 393: Haiti: The Society and Its Environm
Page 396 and 397: Figure from a painting by Prosper P
Page 414 and 415:
Page 416 and 417:
Page 418 and 419:
Page 420 and 421:
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
Page 438 and 439:
Page 440 and 441:
Page 442 and 443:
Page 444 and 445:
Figurefrom a painting by Dieuseul P
Page 446 and 447:
. Dominican Republic and Haiti: Cou
Page 448 and 449:
Page 450 and 451:
Page 452 and 453:
Page 454 and 455:
Page 456 and 457:
Page 458 and 459:
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
Page 466 and 467:
Page 468 and 469:
Page 470 and 471:
Page 472 and 473:
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
. — Dominican Republic and Haiti:
Page 478 and 479:
Page 480 and 481:
Page 482 and 483:
Page 484 and 485:
Page 486 and 487:
Page 488 and 489:
Page 490 and 491:
Figurefrom a painting by Prosper Pi
Page 492 and 493:
Page 494 and 495:
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498 and 499:
Page 500 and 501:
Page 502 and 503:
Page 504 and 505:
Page 506 and 507:
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
j Dominican Republic and Haiti: Cou
Page 512 and 513:
Page 514 and 515:
Page 516 and 517:
Page 518 and 519:
Page 520 and 521:
Page 522 and 523:
Page 524 and 525:
Page 526 and 527:
Page 528 and 529:
. . 231,509 Dominican Republic and
Page 530 and 531:
I Dominican Republic and Haiti: Cou
Page 532 and 533:
CD Dominican Republic and Haiti: Co
Page 534 and 535:
Page 536 and 537:
Page 538 and 539:
Page 540 and 541:
Page 542 and 543:
Page 544 and 545:
Page 546 and 547:
Page 548 and 549:
Page 550 and 551:
Page 552 and 553:
Page 554 and 555:
Page 556 and 557:
Page 558 and 559:
Page 560 and 561:
Page 562 and 563:
Page 564 and 565:
Page 566 and 567:
Page 568 and 569:
Page 570 and 571:
Page 572 and 573:
Page 574 and 575:
Page 576 and 577:
Page 578 and 579:
Page 580 and 581:
Page 582 and 583:
Page 584 and 585:
Page 586 and 587:
Page 589 and 590:
Glossary Caribbean Basin Initiative
Page 591 and 592:
— Glossary zones, these industria
Page 593:
— . Glossary international instit
Page 596 and 597:
Page 598 and 599:
in — Dominican Republic and Haiti
Page 600 and 601:
Page 602 and 603:
Page 604 and 605:
Page 606 and 607:
Page 608 and 609:
Page 610 and 611:
—, Dominican Republic and Haiti:
Page 612 and 613:
Page 614 and 615:
Page 617 and 618:
Published Country Studies (Area Han
Page 621:
trip
show all

Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country Studies

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?