Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas

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Contents Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication Land Acknowledgment Statement Summer Solstice Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Part I Part II Part III Epilogue
Photos Acknowledgments Discover More About <strong>the</strong> Author Notes Image Credits
Page 6 and 7: Copyright © 2022 by Jennifer Raff
Page 10 and 11: For Colin
Page 12 and 13: Land Acknowledgment Statement This
Page 14 and 15: Introduction For ten thousand years
Page 16 and 17: spring. It was clear to archaeologi
Page 18 and 19: dominated by the story of how Europ
Page 20 and 21: a tooth in Siberia, in layers of di
Page 22 and 23: understanding of the past, beginnin
Page 24 and 25: own creation/origin stories, I bala
Page 26 and 27: historic property, the cave was cal
Page 28 and 29: PART I
Page 30 and 31: terrific view of the Raccoon Creek
Page 32 and 33: construction has been dated to abou
Page 34 and 35: constructions made out of earth tha
Page 36 and 37: weren’t sophisticated enough to h
Page 38 and 39: obsessively detailed description of
Page 40 and 41: not the tombs of dead warriors, but
Page 42 and 43: maps designated many of these lands
Page 44 and 45: promoted by cable “history” sho
Page 46 and 47: or “mere wantonness,” but rathe
Page 48 and 49: “To me, [Heye] was a looter,” S
Page 50 and 51: World cephalic index map (1896), ad
Page 52 and 53: Another major implication of polyge
Page 54 and 55: Jackson). He published extensively
Page 56 and 57: Earnest Hooton of Harvard Universit
Page 58 and 59:
underlying genetic variation in dif
Page 60 and 61:
B2, C1b, C1c, C1d, C1d1, D1, D4h3a)
Page 62 and 63:
everything from the notion that the
Page 64 and 65:
more plausible that the Clovis peop
Page 66 and 67:
ecovered from the Ancient One (also
Page 68 and 69:
have had the opportunity to visit t
Page 70 and 71:
through the debris deposited by flo
Page 72 and 73:
McJunkin’s site uprooted the foun
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abandonment of a site with a prolon
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archaeology course, was completely
Page 78 and 79:
present in the Americas before Clov
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coal seams near the site, or perhap
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I found out how wrong my professor
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temporal limit to the histories the
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linguistic groupings. Despite a bri
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there—note that the Page-Ladson s
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een open in time for an initial peo
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distinctive population. However, th
Page 94 and 95:
of the interior route. While travel
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Ancient DNA is a more precise and r
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194,000 and 177,000 years ago, and
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oken rocks that could be mistaken f
Page 102 and 103:
additional evidence consistent with
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of wildlife than credited in this h
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intense interest in the area, the e
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Gender, in anthropology, refers to
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archaeological evidence of people l
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archaeologists classified artifacts
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Dyuktai complex microblade core fro
Page 116 and 117:
Mesa complex projectile point from
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several interpretations. The oldest
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end by applying pressure with a bon
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EVIDENCE FOR CHILD TOOLMAKERS? Thro
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hypothesized to have been made by a
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in interior Alaska are located just
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show us the kind of archaeological
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1. Who were the First Peoples of th
Page 132 and 133:
Chapter 4 Twenty years ago I took m
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formation), because the oil from yo
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other monument was carved so that i
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homelands. Over 6 million people to
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In the last 10 to 20 years, however
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probably involved two teams passing
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supervise projects and students and
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necessary). Although it had been a
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identified as belonging to a group
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This obsessive attention to sterile
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and enzyme. The tubes would now mix
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generally lost the tiniest chains o
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two hours, the machine would cycle
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sister gets into a fight with the r
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looking good. Amplification and seq
Page 162 and 163:
often impossible to complete the ge
Page 164 and 165:
different points in time, detect di
Page 166 and 167:
Chapter 6 All geneticists and most
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Some of populations and population
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AMHS populations inherited from oth
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Northern Siberia, 31,000 Years Ago
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uy in packs of 16 for about $4 at a
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in the 1920s, finding an encampment
Page 178 and 179:
from later comparisons that the Mal
Page 180 and 181:
with peat bogs and trees like spruc
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humans, not scavenging animals (13)
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ather large and geographically disp
Page 187 and 188:
American dogs and present-day Arcti
Page 189 and 190:
Chapter 7 Imagine a nondescript cor
Page 191 and 192:
But Halligan told me that “people
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meaningful? Page-Ladson is incredib
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combination of luck and ingenuity.
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archaeologists as Anzick-1 (the two
Page 200 and 201:
Peopling South America Following th
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Australasian populations had to hav
Page 204 and 205:
Other archaeologists (probably most
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lands. We will discuss NAGPRA in ch
Page 208 and 209:
Anne Jensen, an archaeologist who l
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of an ancient DNA laboratory 2,600
Page 212 and 213:
Small Tool tradition (in Alaska, it
Page 214 and 215:
Eske Willerslev at the Centre for G
Page 216 and 217:
complete population replacement of
Page 218 and 219:
One scenario that may explain these
Page 220 and 221:
occurred as the ancestral populatio
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fine ceramics; they also crafted po
Page 224 and 225:
differences observed in the archaeo
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Chapter 9 On July 28, 1996, just 24
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ancestral to all later Native Ameri
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ones. Geneticist Eske Willerslev wa
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Chaco, and they were upset that the
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identity; the suppression of langua
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It’s important that we learn thes
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confidently do detailed population
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eveal stigmatizing information. But
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archaeology to houses with crumblin
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history. The movement out of Bering
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emphasis of the early Alaskan archa
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A memorial made of stone marks the
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A Folsom point between bison ribs
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These Clovis points were excavated
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An archaeologist excavates under wa
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Archaeologist Heather Smith screens
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Archaeologist Marion Coe works at t
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Geneticist Krystal Tsosie (Diné) t
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Echo-Hawk (Pawnee), Ken Feder, Terr
Page 264 and 265:
Discover Your Next Great Read Get s
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Notes A note about citations: This
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8. I think this requires a bit more
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10. Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the
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Critique of Anthropology 7, no. 2 (
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https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24208.
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above as well as the American Socie
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Two Rare mtDNA Haplogroups,” Curr
Page 280 and 281:
Chapter 2 1. John F. Hoffecker, Mod
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Stafford Jr., and David L. Carlson,
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Southern Chile,” American Antiqui
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27. Braje, Erlandson, Rick, et al.,
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https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20112
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Chapter 3 1. James E. Dixon, “Pal
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Pleistocene Archaeology: Historical
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Chapter 4 1. My family and our club
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Chapter 5 1. Quoted in Charles Peti
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Chapter 6 1. References for this se
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Exploration and Settlement of the A
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Chapter 7 1. This is an ongoing cha
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7. Pontus Skoglund, Swapan Mallick,
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6. References for this section incl
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Spaniards talk about the Taino of t
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Human Subjects of Research (Governm
Page 312 and 313:
30. K. G. Claw, M. Z. Anderson, R.
Page 314 and 315:
Epilogue 1. Keolu Fox and John Hawk
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Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas

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