Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas

Chapter 6
1. References for this section include John F. Hoffecker, Modern Humans:
Their African Origin and Global Dispersal (Columbia University Press,
2017); K. E. Graf, “Siberian Odyssey,” in Paleoamerican Odyssey,
edited by Kelly E. Graf, Caroline V. Ketron, and Michael R. Waters
(Texas A&M University Press, 2013), pp. 65–80; Vladimir Pitulko, Pavel
Nikolskiy, Aleksandr Basilyan, and Elena Pavlova, “Human Habitation
in Arctic Western Beringia Prior to the LGM,” in Paleoamerican
Odyssey, edited by Kelly E. Graf, Caroline V. Ketron, and Michael R.
Waters (Texas A&M University Press, 2013), pp. 13–44; Fu, Li,
Moorjani, et al., “Genome Sequence of a 45,000-Year-Old Modern
Human from Western Siberia.”
2. The SIGMA Type 2 Diabetes Consortium, “Sequence Variants in
SLC16A11 Are a Common Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes in Mexico,”
Nature 506, no. 7486 (2014): 97–101,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12828; Reich, Who We Are and How We
Got Here.
3. References for this section: Maanasa Raghavan, Pontus Skoglund, Kelly
E. Graf, et al., “Upper Palaeolithic Siberian Genome Reveals Dual
Ancestry of Native Americans,” Nature 505, no. 7481 (2014): 87–91,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12736; Martin Sikora, Vladimir Pitulko,
Vitor C. Sousa, et al., “The Population History of Northeastern Siberia
since the Pleistocene,” Nature 570 (2019): 182–188; Pontus Skoglund
and David Reich, “A Genomic View of the Peopling of the Americas,”
Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 41 (2016): 27–35.
4. Maanasa Raghavan, Pontus Skoglund, Kelly E. Graf, et al., “Upper
Palaeolithic Siberian Genome Reveals Dual Ancestry of Native
Americans,” Nature 505, no. 7481 (2014): 87–91,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12736.
5. Hoffecker, Modern Humans; Vladimir V. Pitulko, Pavel A. Nikolskiy, E.
Yu Girya, et al., “The Yana RHS Site: Humans in the Arctic before the
Last Glacial Maximum,” Science 303, no. 5654 (2004): 52–56; Vladimir
Pitulko, Pavel Nikolskiy, Aleksandr Basilyan, et al., “Human Habitation
in Arctic Western Beringia Prior to the LGM,” in Paleoamerican
Odyssey, edited by Kelly E. Graf, Caroline V. Ketron, and Michael R.