Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas

Southern Chile,” American Antiquity 62, no. 4 (1997): 659–663,
https://doi.org/10.2307/281884; and Meltzer, First Peoples in a New
World. Another perspective on this event is given by J. M. Adovasio
and Jake Page in The First Americans. The unanimity of the
archaeologists’ agreement on the antiquity of Monte Verde was later
undermined by the retraction of Vance Haynes, who fixated on the six
stone tools as the “only unequivocal artifacts” and thought that was
insufficient evidence to support a pre-Clovis date. As Meltzer notes in
First Peoples in a New World, that ignores all the organic artifacts at the
site, and “Haynes’s second thoughts have not reversed the
archaeological tide of opinion on Monte Verde” (p. 128). Some
archaeologists, most notably Stuart Fiedel, continue to disagree with the
prevailing view that Monte Verde is pre-Clovis: Stuart J. Fiedel, “Is
That All There Is? The Weak Case for Pre-Clovis Occupation of Eastern
North America,” in The Eastern Fluted Point Tradition, edited by
Joseph A. M. Gingerich (University of Utah Press, 2013), pp. 333–354.
18. M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Dennis L. Jenkins, Anders Götherstrom, et al.,
“DNA from Pre-Clovis Human Coprolites in Oregon, North America,”
Science 320, no. 5877 (2008): 786,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1154116; S. David Webb, First
Floridians and Last Mastodons: The Page-Ladson Site in the Aucilla
River (Springer Netherlands, 2006); Thomas A. Jennings and Michael
R. Waters, “Pre-Clovis Lithic Technology at the Debra L. Friedkin Site,
Texas: Comparisons to Clovis through Site-Level Behavior,
Technological Trait-List, and Cladistic Analyses,” American Antiquity
79, no. 1 (2014): 25–44, https://doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.1.25;
Loren G. Davis, David B. Madsen, Lorena Becerra-Valdivia, et al.,
“Late Upper Paleolithic Occupation at Cooper’s Ferry, Idaho, USA,
~16,000 Years Ago,” Science 365, no. 6456 (2019): 891–897, DOI:
10.1126/science.aax9830; Taima-Taima: A Late Pleistocene Paleo-
Indian Kill Site in Northernmost South America. Final Report of 1976
Excavations, edited by C. Ochsenius and R. Gruhn (Programa CIPICS,
Monografías Científicas, Universidad Francisco de Miranda, 1979).
19. Michael R. Waters, Steven L. Forman, Thomas A. Jennings, et al., “The
Buttermilk Creek Complex and the Origins of Clovis at the Debra L.
Friedkin Site, Texas,” Science 331, no. 6024 (2011): 1599–1603.