Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas

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An archaeologist excavates under water at the Page-Ladson site.
A bifacially flaked fragment of a knife recovered from the Page-Ladson site dates to 14,550 years ago.
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Copyright © 2022 by Jennifer Raff
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Contents Cover Title Page Copyright
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For Colin
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Land Acknowledgment Statement This
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Introduction For ten thousand years
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spring. It was clear to archaeologi
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dominated by the story of how Europ
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a tooth in Siberia, in layers of di
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understanding of the past, beginnin
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own creation/origin stories, I bala
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historic property, the cave was cal
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PART I
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terrific view of the Raccoon Creek
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construction has been dated to abou
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constructions made out of earth tha
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weren’t sophisticated enough to h
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obsessively detailed description of
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not the tombs of dead warriors, but
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maps designated many of these lands
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promoted by cable “history” sho
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or “mere wantonness,” but rathe
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“To me, [Heye] was a looter,” S
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World cephalic index map (1896), ad
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Another major implication of polyge
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Jackson). He published extensively
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Earnest Hooton of Harvard Universit
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underlying genetic variation in dif
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B2, C1b, C1c, C1d, C1d1, D1, D4h3a)
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everything from the notion that the
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more plausible that the Clovis peop
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ecovered from the Ancient One (also
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have had the opportunity to visit t
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through the debris deposited by flo
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McJunkin’s site uprooted the foun
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abandonment of a site with a prolon
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archaeology course, was completely
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present in the Americas before Clov
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coal seams near the site, or perhap
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I found out how wrong my professor
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temporal limit to the histories the
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linguistic groupings. Despite a bri
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there—note that the Page-Ladson s
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een open in time for an initial peo
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distinctive population. However, th
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of the interior route. While travel
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Ancient DNA is a more precise and r
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194,000 and 177,000 years ago, and
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oken rocks that could be mistaken f
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additional evidence consistent with
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of wildlife than credited in this h
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intense interest in the area, the e
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Gender, in anthropology, refers to
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archaeological evidence of people l
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archaeologists classified artifacts
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Dyuktai complex microblade core fro
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Mesa complex projectile point from
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several interpretations. The oldest
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end by applying pressure with a bon
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EVIDENCE FOR CHILD TOOLMAKERS? Thro
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hypothesized to have been made by a
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in interior Alaska are located just
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show us the kind of archaeological
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1. Who were the First Peoples of th
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Chapter 4 Twenty years ago I took m
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formation), because the oil from yo
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other monument was carved so that i
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homelands. Over 6 million people to
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In the last 10 to 20 years, however
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probably involved two teams passing
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supervise projects and students and
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necessary). Although it had been a
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identified as belonging to a group
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This obsessive attention to sterile
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and enzyme. The tubes would now mix
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generally lost the tiniest chains o
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two hours, the machine would cycle
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sister gets into a fight with the r
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looking good. Amplification and seq
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often impossible to complete the ge
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different points in time, detect di
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Chapter 6 All geneticists and most
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Some of populations and population
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AMHS populations inherited from oth
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Northern Siberia, 31,000 Years Ago
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uy in packs of 16 for about $4 at a
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in the 1920s, finding an encampment
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from later comparisons that the Mal
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with peat bogs and trees like spruc
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humans, not scavenging animals (13)
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ather large and geographically disp
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American dogs and present-day Arcti
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Chapter 7 Imagine a nondescript cor
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But Halligan told me that “people
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meaningful? Page-Ladson is incredib
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combination of luck and ingenuity.
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archaeologists as Anzick-1 (the two
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Peopling South America Following th
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Australasian populations had to hav
Page 204 and 205: Other archaeologists (probably most
Page 206 and 207: lands. We will discuss NAGPRA in ch
Page 208 and 209: Anne Jensen, an archaeologist who l
Page 210 and 211: of an ancient DNA laboratory 2,600
Page 212 and 213: Small Tool tradition (in Alaska, it
Page 214 and 215: Eske Willerslev at the Centre for G
Page 216 and 217: complete population replacement of
Page 218 and 219: One scenario that may explain these
Page 220 and 221: occurred as the ancestral populatio
Page 222 and 223: fine ceramics; they also crafted po
Page 224 and 225: differences observed in the archaeo
Page 226 and 227: Chapter 9 On July 28, 1996, just 24
Page 228 and 229: ancestral to all later Native Ameri
Page 230 and 231: ones. Geneticist Eske Willerslev wa
Page 232 and 233: Chaco, and they were upset that the
Page 234 and 235: identity; the suppression of langua
Page 236 and 237: It’s important that we learn thes
Page 238 and 239: confidently do detailed population
Page 240 and 241: eveal stigmatizing information. But
Page 242 and 243: archaeology to houses with crumblin
Page 244 and 245: history. The movement out of Bering
Page 246 and 247: emphasis of the early Alaskan archa
Page 248 and 249: A memorial made of stone marks the
Page 250 and 251: A Folsom point between bison ribs
Page 252 and 253: These Clovis points were excavated
Page 256 and 257: Archaeologist Heather Smith screens
Page 258 and 259: Archaeologist Marion Coe works at t
Page 260 and 261: Geneticist Krystal Tsosie (Diné) t
Page 262 and 263: Echo-Hawk (Pawnee), Ken Feder, Terr
Page 264 and 265: Discover Your Next Great Read Get s
Page 266 and 267: Notes A note about citations: This
Page 268 and 269: 8. I think this requires a bit more
Page 270 and 271: 10. Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the
Page 272 and 273: Critique of Anthropology 7, no. 2 (
Page 274 and 275: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24208.
Page 276 and 277: above as well as the American Socie
Page 278 and 279: Two Rare mtDNA Haplogroups,” Curr
Page 280 and 281: Chapter 2 1. John F. Hoffecker, Mod
Page 282 and 283: Stafford Jr., and David L. Carlson,
Page 284 and 285: Southern Chile,” American Antiqui
Page 286 and 287: 27. Braje, Erlandson, Rick, et al.,
Page 288 and 289: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20112
Page 290 and 291: Chapter 3 1. James E. Dixon, “Pal
Page 292 and 293: Pleistocene Archaeology: Historical
Page 294 and 295: Chapter 4 1. My family and our club
Page 296 and 297: Chapter 5 1. Quoted in Charles Peti
Page 298 and 299: Chapter 6 1. References for this se
Page 300 and 301: Exploration and Settlement of the A
Page 302 and 303: Chapter 7 1. This is an ongoing cha
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7. Pontus Skoglund, Swapan Mallick,
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6. References for this section incl
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Spaniards talk about the Taino of t
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Human Subjects of Research (Governm
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30. K. G. Claw, M. Z. Anderson, R.
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Epilogue 1. Keolu Fox and John Hawk
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Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas

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