Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas

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Dyuktai complex microblade core from the Ushki-5 site. Microblades would have been struck from this prepared core. Redrawn from a 2003 article by Ted Goebel in Science. Denali complex microblade core from Donnelly Ridge. Redrawn from a 2017 Current Anthropology article by Kelly Graf and Ian Buvit.
A teardrop-shaped Chindadn point, which is associated with the Nenana complex. Redrawn from a 2001 Arctic Anthropology article by John F. Hoffecker.
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Copyright © 2022 by Jennifer Raff
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Contents Cover Title Page Copyright
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For Colin
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Land Acknowledgment Statement This
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Introduction For ten thousand years
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spring. It was clear to archaeologi
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dominated by the story of how Europ
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a tooth in Siberia, in layers of di
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understanding of the past, beginnin
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own creation/origin stories, I bala
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historic property, the cave was cal
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PART I
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terrific view of the Raccoon Creek
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construction has been dated to abou
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constructions made out of earth tha
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weren’t sophisticated enough to h
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obsessively detailed description of
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not the tombs of dead warriors, but
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maps designated many of these lands
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promoted by cable “history” sho
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or “mere wantonness,” but rathe
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“To me, [Heye] was a looter,” S
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World cephalic index map (1896), ad
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Another major implication of polyge
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Jackson). He published extensively
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Earnest Hooton of Harvard Universit
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underlying genetic variation in dif
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B2, C1b, C1c, C1d, C1d1, D1, D4h3a)
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everything from the notion that the
Page 64 and 65: more plausible that the Clovis peop
Page 66 and 67: ecovered from the Ancient One (also
Page 68 and 69: have had the opportunity to visit t
Page 70 and 71: through the debris deposited by flo
Page 72 and 73: McJunkin’s site uprooted the foun
Page 74 and 75: abandonment of a site with a prolon
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Page 78 and 79: present in the Americas before Clov
Page 80 and 81: coal seams near the site, or perhap
Page 82 and 83: I found out how wrong my professor
Page 84 and 85: temporal limit to the histories the
Page 86 and 87: linguistic groupings. Despite a bri
Page 88 and 89: there—note that the Page-Ladson s
Page 90 and 91: een open in time for an initial peo
Page 92 and 93: distinctive population. However, th
Page 94 and 95: of the interior route. While travel
Page 96 and 97: Ancient DNA is a more precise and r
Page 98 and 99: 194,000 and 177,000 years ago, and
Page 100 and 101: oken rocks that could be mistaken f
Page 102 and 103: additional evidence consistent with
Page 104 and 105: of wildlife than credited in this h
Page 106 and 107: intense interest in the area, the e
Page 108 and 109: Gender, in anthropology, refers to
Page 110 and 111: archaeological evidence of people l
Page 112 and 113: archaeologists classified artifacts
Page 116 and 117: Mesa complex projectile point from
Page 118 and 119: several interpretations. The oldest
Page 120 and 121: end by applying pressure with a bon
Page 122 and 123: EVIDENCE FOR CHILD TOOLMAKERS? Thro
Page 124 and 125: hypothesized to have been made by a
Page 126 and 127: in interior Alaska are located just
Page 128 and 129: show us the kind of archaeological
Page 130 and 131: 1. Who were the First Peoples of th
Page 132 and 133: Chapter 4 Twenty years ago I took m
Page 134 and 135: formation), because the oil from yo
Page 136 and 137: other monument was carved so that i
Page 138 and 139: homelands. Over 6 million people to
Page 140 and 141: In the last 10 to 20 years, however
Page 142 and 143: probably involved two teams passing
Page 144 and 145: supervise projects and students and
Page 146 and 147: necessary). Although it had been a
Page 148 and 149: identified as belonging to a group
Page 150 and 151: This obsessive attention to sterile
Page 152 and 153: and enzyme. The tubes would now mix
Page 154 and 155: generally lost the tiniest chains o
Page 156 and 157: two hours, the machine would cycle
Page 158 and 159: sister gets into a fight with the r
Page 160 and 161: looking good. Amplification and seq
Page 162 and 163: often impossible to complete the ge
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different points in time, detect di
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Chapter 6 All geneticists and most
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Some of populations and population
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AMHS populations inherited from oth
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Northern Siberia, 31,000 Years Ago
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uy in packs of 16 for about $4 at a
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in the 1920s, finding an encampment
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from later comparisons that the Mal
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with peat bogs and trees like spruc
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humans, not scavenging animals (13)
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ather large and geographically disp
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American dogs and present-day Arcti
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Chapter 7 Imagine a nondescript cor
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But Halligan told me that “people
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meaningful? Page-Ladson is incredib
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combination of luck and ingenuity.
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archaeologists as Anzick-1 (the two
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Peopling South America Following th
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Australasian populations had to hav
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Other archaeologists (probably most
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lands. We will discuss NAGPRA in ch
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Anne Jensen, an archaeologist who l
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of an ancient DNA laboratory 2,600
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Small Tool tradition (in Alaska, it
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Eske Willerslev at the Centre for G
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complete population replacement of
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One scenario that may explain these
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occurred as the ancestral populatio
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fine ceramics; they also crafted po
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differences observed in the archaeo
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Chapter 9 On July 28, 1996, just 24
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ancestral to all later Native Ameri
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ones. Geneticist Eske Willerslev wa
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Chaco, and they were upset that the
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identity; the suppression of langua
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It’s important that we learn thes
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confidently do detailed population
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eveal stigmatizing information. But
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archaeology to houses with crumblin
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history. The movement out of Bering
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emphasis of the early Alaskan archa
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A memorial made of stone marks the
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A Folsom point between bison ribs
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These Clovis points were excavated
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An archaeologist excavates under wa
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Archaeologist Heather Smith screens
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Archaeologist Marion Coe works at t
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Geneticist Krystal Tsosie (Diné) t
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Echo-Hawk (Pawnee), Ken Feder, Terr
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Discover Your Next Great Read Get s
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Notes A note about citations: This
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8. I think this requires a bit more
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10. Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the
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Critique of Anthropology 7, no. 2 (
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https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24208.
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above as well as the American Socie
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Two Rare mtDNA Haplogroups,” Curr
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Chapter 2 1. John F. Hoffecker, Mod
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Stafford Jr., and David L. Carlson,
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Southern Chile,” American Antiqui
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27. Braje, Erlandson, Rick, et al.,
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https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20112
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Chapter 3 1. James E. Dixon, “Pal
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Pleistocene Archaeology: Historical
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Chapter 4 1. My family and our club
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Chapter 5 1. Quoted in Charles Peti
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Chapter 6 1. References for this se
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Exploration and Settlement of the A
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Chapter 7 1. This is an ongoing cha
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7. Pontus Skoglund, Swapan Mallick,
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6. References for this section incl
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Spaniards talk about the Taino of t
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Human Subjects of Research (Governm
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30. K. G. Claw, M. Z. Anderson, R.
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Epilogue 1. Keolu Fox and John Hawk
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Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas

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