4 °C - the National Sea Grant Library
4 °C - the National Sea Grant Library 4 °C - the National Sea Grant Library
The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, adopted during the Uruguay Round of GATT Multilateral Trade Negotiations in 1993 and to enter into force in 1995, should facilitate trade in seafood which have been processed according to a recognized international standard. Under this Agreement, governments which are signatories to GATT or a member of the World Trade Organization (about to be established) will have to justify the reason for denying entry of food (including irradiated food) which have been processed according to standards and recommendations of the following international organizations: A. Codex Alimentarius Commission (food safety and human health) B. International Office of Epizootics (animal health) c. International Plant Protection Convention (plant health). An exception is made if the importing country can provide scientific proof that the importation of such food could endanger health of their citizens, animals or plants. Since there is a Codex General Standard for Irradiated Foods recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in 1983, then represented by over 130 governments, non-tariff trade barriers by importing countries solely because of irradiation treatment can no longer be accepted under the GATT procedures. International trade in irradiated food, including seafood, is likely to increase based on their technical merits in the near future. REFERENCES AMI Foundation. 1993. Consumer Awareness, Knowledge, and Acceptance of Food Irradiation. The American Meat Institute Foundation, Arlington, VA. Anonymous, 1984. Marketability testing of irradiated fish and seafood (for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada). Canadian Gallup Poll Ltd., Ottawa. Anonymous, 1986. Food irradiation - tomorrow’s technology. Which? Consumers’ Association, London. Anonymous, 1993. Paprika recall. Inter. Food Safety News Vol 2, No. 9 (October 1993). Anonymous. 1994. National Performance Review calls for single food agency. News-O-Gram, Vol. 18, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 1994. American Association of Food Hygience Veterinarians. Barbuti, S., Maggi, A., and Casoli, C. 1992. Antibiotic resistance in strains of Listeria spp. from meat products. Letters Appl. Microbiol. 15, 56-58
Beckers, H.J., Van Schothorst, M., Van Spreekens, K.J.A. and Oosterhuis, J.J. 198 1. Microbiological quality of frozen precooked and peeled shrimp from Southeast Asia and from the North Sea. Zbl. Bakt. Hyg., I Abt. Orig. B. 172, 401-410. Bord, R.J. and O’Connor, R.E. 1989. Who wants irradiated food? Untangling complex public opinion. Food Technol. 43, 10,87-90. Bruhn, C.M., Schutz, H.G. and Sommer, R. 1986. Attitude change toward food irradiation among conventional and alternative consumers_ Food Technol. 40, 1, 86-91. Corrigan, J.P. 1993. Experience in selling irradiated food at the retail level. In “Cost- Benefit Aspects of Food Irradiation Processing”, STI/PUB/905. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. DePaola, A., Hopkins, L.H., Peeler, J. T., Wentz, B. and McPhearson, R.M. 1990. Incidence of V. parahaemolyticus in U.S. coastal waters and oysters. Appl. Environ. Microbial. Vol 56, No. 8. Grodner, R.M. and Andrews, L.N. 1991. Irradiation. In “Microbiology of Marine Food Products (Ward, D.R. and Hackney, CR., Eds.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 429-440. Huhtanen, C.N., Jenkins, R.k., and Thayer, D.W. 1989. Gamma radiation sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes. J. Food Protect. 52, 610-613. ICGFI, 1993. Summary report of the ICGFI/IOCU Seminar on Food Irradiation and Consumers, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands. International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation, Vienna. Kilgen, M. 1993. Economic benefits of irradiation of molluscan shellfish in Louisiana. In “Cost-Benefit Aspects of Food Irradiation Processing”, STI/PUB/905. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. Kinsey, J. 1993. GATT and the economics of food safety. Food policy, April 1993. Kvenberg, J.E. and Archer, D.L. 1987. Economic impact of colonization control on food-borne disease Food Technol. 4 1,77,80,8 1,98. Lee, P. 1994. From the Assistant Secretary for Health, US Public Health Service. J. Am. Med. Asso. Vo1272, No. 4.
- Page 4 and 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAPERS & ABSTRACT
- Page 6 and 7: Evaluation of On-board Handling Tec
- Page 8 and 9: oduction of a Sardine Substitute Jo
- Page 10 and 11: Effects of Temperature and Humidity
- Page 12 and 13: Force. and the U.S. Coast Guard. Th
- Page 14 and 15: for the program, showing that state
- Page 16 and 17: 12/18/92 such as diversion. The lat
- Page 18 and 19: . Establish a formal database on th
- Page 20 and 21: 8. Standard reporting for seafood-b
- Page 22 and 23: 38. Education effort/materials on b
- Page 24 and 25: egional business and industry may n
- Page 26 and 27: PROJECT CODE: 95/PH/A10,13/P2 PROJE
- Page 28 and 29: PROJECT CODE: 95/PH/A28/P1 PROJECT
- Page 30 and 31: PROJECT CODE: 95/PH/A29/P3 PROJECT
- Page 32 and 33: t PROJECT CODE: 95/PH/A37/P2 PROJEC
- Page 34 and 35: investigate the problem. The ISSC w
- Page 36 and 37: strategic plan for conference actio
- Page 38 and 39: (4) advisory committee, and all con
- Page 40 and 41: IRRADIATION TO ENSURE HYGIENIC QUAL
- Page 42 and 43: food. Often, food manufacturers hav
- Page 44 and 45: BACTERIA D-VALUE (kGy) E. coli 0.15
- Page 46 and 47: ECONOMICS OF IRRADIATION OF FISH AN
- Page 48 and 49: B. Market Testing of Irradiated Foo
- Page 52 and 53: Table 1. Optimum radiation dose lev
- Page 54 and 55: Loaharanu, P. 1973. Gamma irradiati
- Page 56 and 57: EFFECTS OF LOW-DOSE GAMMA IRRADIATI
- Page 58 and 59: diving bell and lowered into the wa
- Page 60 and 61: 12 1 Survival Curve for Standard Pl
- Page 62 and 63: 6 D value = 0.05 kGy ‘A. 0 / I I
- Page 64 and 65: Dvalue=O.S9kGy 3.8 a’, 3.6 . 3.4
- Page 66 and 67: 8 0 . 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.S 0.6 rlrah
- Page 68 and 69: Conclusion In this study, low dose
- Page 70 and 71: processed and packaged product. A m
- Page 72 and 73: Table l.Procedures schematic for ef
- Page 74 and 75: (hydrogen peroxide) produced from t
- Page 76 and 77: Johns, H.E. and Cunningham, J.R. 19
- Page 78 and 79: k TBF#hoursCtime between split dose
- Page 80 and 81: AUTOMATED OHMIC THAWING OF SHRIMP B
- Page 82 and 83: A computer program was developed in
- Page 84 and 85: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The computer
- Page 86 and 87: 78 Quadrant 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 Tim
- Page 88 and 89: FUTURE WORK The ohmic system perfor
- Page 90 and 91: Using Edible Film to Improve Smoked
- Page 92 and 93: LOG CFU / Sq cm 0 3 6 9 12, 15 18 2
- Page 94 and 95: FIG-l.5 AE SMOKE LOG CFU / Sq cm FI
- Page 96 and 97: FIG-2.1 PSYCHRQT SMOKE LOG CFU / Sq
- Page 98 and 99: For samples stored at l0°C, no sig
The Agreement on <strong>the</strong> Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures,<br />
adopted during <strong>the</strong> Uruguay Round of GATT Multilateral Trade Negotiations in 1993<br />
and to enter into force in 1995, should facilitate trade in seafood which have been<br />
processed according to a recognized international standard. Under this Agreement,<br />
governments which are signatories to GATT or a member of <strong>the</strong> World Trade<br />
Organization (about to be established) will have to justify <strong>the</strong> reason for denying entry<br />
of food (including irradiated food) which have been processed according to standards<br />
and recommendations of <strong>the</strong> following international organizations:<br />
A. Codex Alimentarius Commission (food safety and human health)<br />
B. International Office of Epizootics (animal health)<br />
c. International Plant Protection Convention (plant health).<br />
An exception is made if <strong>the</strong> importing country can provide scientific proof that<br />
<strong>the</strong> importation of such food could endanger health of <strong>the</strong>ir citizens, animals or plants.<br />
Since <strong>the</strong>re is a Codex General Standard for Irradiated Foods recommended<br />
by <strong>the</strong> Codex Alimentarius Commission in 1983, <strong>the</strong>n represented by over 130<br />
governments, non-tariff trade barriers by importing countries solely because of<br />
irradiation treatment can no longer be accepted under <strong>the</strong> GATT procedures.<br />
International trade in irradiated food, including seafood, is likely to increase based on<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir technical merits in <strong>the</strong> near future.<br />
REFERENCES<br />
AMI Foundation. 1993. Consumer Awareness, Knowledge, and Acceptance of<br />
Food Irradiation. The American Meat Institute Foundation, Arlington, VA.<br />
Anonymous, 1984. Marketability testing of irradiated fish and seafood (for <strong>the</strong><br />
Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada). Canadian Gallup Poll Ltd.,<br />
Ottawa.<br />
Anonymous, 1986. Food irradiation - tomorrow’s technology. Which? Consumers’<br />
Association, London.<br />
Anonymous, 1993. Paprika recall. Inter. Food Safety News Vol 2, No. 9 (October<br />
1993).<br />
Anonymous. 1994. <strong>National</strong> Performance Review calls for single food agency.<br />
News-O-Gram, Vol. 18, No. 1, Jan.-Feb. 1994. American Association of<br />
Food Hygience Veterinarians.<br />
Barbuti, S., Maggi, A., and Casoli, C. 1992. Antibiotic resistance in strains of<br />
Listeria spp. from meat products. Letters Appl. Microbiol. 15, 56-58
Change language