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DEVELOPMENT OF FOR THE DETECTION OF PATH Arlio Tore’, M. Resto’, A.P. Dufou?, and G.A. Toranzos’ * Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 0093 l-3360 * Microbiology Research Division Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory U.S.E.P.A. Cincinnati, OH 45268 The detection of vibrio spp. in the environment is difficult as the result of the lack of selectivity of the culture media used. The high concentration of the non-specific microbiota (especially H,S-producing microorganisms) makes the easy and rapid isolation of the target microorganism almost impossible. Similarly, the protozoan parasites Giardia spp. and C~ptosporidium spp. which are emerging enteric pathogens have not previously been detected in oyster tissues, possibly as a result of the lack of methods for their recovery. This project presents data on the modifications to the currently used medium for the detection of vibrio spp. in environmental waters as well as the development of a method for the detection of Giardia spp. in oyster tissues. Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile Salts (TCBS) agar was supplemented with 3%, 6% and 8% NaCl and the pH was buffered at 8.6 with Tris buffer (0.05 M final concentration). The same modifications were done to Alkaline Peptone Salt Broth to be used directly in the Most Probable Number technique. These modifications have allowed us to detect and isolate Vibrio spp. in estuarine water samples and oyster tissues. The pH conjointly with the high NaCl concentrations inhibited almost 100% of the background microbiota, thus significantly reducing the masking of the target organisms. This makes the modification easily adaptable for the screening of waters and oyster tissues for the presence of enterotoxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains as well as other important Vibrio spp. (such as K vuZn@c~) using strain-specific gene probes. The development of a method for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in oysters has enabled us to detect these pathogens in oysters collected from contaminated sites and at least in one case from market-brought oysters. Studies are under way to determine if oysters can in fact serve as vectors of these pathogens. HACCP & 3M PE’IWFILM PLATES IN THE SEAFOOD INDUSTRY Ivonne Ruiz-Garcia 3M Corporation Puerto Rico The 3M Petrifilm plates are ready to use microbiological plates which have been approved by several countries regulatory agencies. Different plate types determine the amount of aerobics, coliforms, E. coli, Yeasts and molds on raw material and finished goods in the seafood processing plants. Worldwide scientific papers demonstrated that the conventional method and the 3M Petrifilm plates are statistically equivalent.
BRETTANBMYCES CL-4 USSENII AS A CON’TRIHITOR IN YELLQWF’IN TUNA SPOILAGE Clara M. Hernkndez Dept. of Biology University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez Campus Mayaguez, PR 00680 The rule of yeasts in seafood spoilage is probably being underestimated. We have isolated several hidtidine decarboxylating yeasts from seafood, one of them identified as Brettanomyces claussenii. Common chemical indicators of spoilage were used in our study in order to establish the degree of decomposition in yellowfin tuna due to this yeast. The ability of B. claussenii to produce ethanol, total volatic basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N) at different temperatures (5° C, 25° C, 37 ° C) determined over a period of 14 days. Protcolytic activity was also determined. The threshold value of spoilage for TVB-N (30 mg/l00 g) was reached between the second and fourth day of storage at 25 ’ C an 3 7’ C. Under the same conditions, TMA-N concentration was 10 mg/l00 g. TMA and TVB-N concentration at 5 ’ C, increased after seven days. Proteolysis was observed after 24h at 25 ’ C and 37” C. This shows yeasts as contributors of spoilage at these temperatures.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAPERS & ABSTRACT
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Evaluation of On-board Handling Tec
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oduction of a Sardine Substitute Jo
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Effects of Temperature and Humidity
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Force. and the U.S. Coast Guard. Th
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for the program, showing that state
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12/18/92 such as diversion. The lat
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. Establish a formal database on th
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8. Standard reporting for seafood-b
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38. Education effort/materials on b
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egional business and industry may n
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PROJECT CODE: 95/PH/A10,13/P2 PROJE
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PROJECT CODE: 95/PH/A28/P1 PROJECT
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PROJECT CODE: 95/PH/A29/P3 PROJECT
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t PROJECT CODE: 95/PH/A37/P2 PROJEC
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investigate the problem. The ISSC w
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strategic plan for conference actio
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(4) advisory committee, and all con
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IRRADIATION TO ENSURE HYGIENIC QUAL
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food. Often, food manufacturers hav
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BACTERIA D-VALUE (kGy) E. coli 0.15
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ECONOMICS OF IRRADIATION OF FISH AN
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B. Market Testing of Irradiated Foo
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The Agreement on the Application of
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Table 1. Optimum radiation dose lev
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Loaharanu, P. 1973. Gamma irradiati
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EFFECTS OF LOW-DOSE GAMMA IRRADIATI
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diving bell and lowered into the wa
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12 1 Survival Curve for Standard Pl
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6 D value = 0.05 kGy ‘A. 0 / I I
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Dvalue=O.S9kGy 3.8 a’, 3.6 . 3.4
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8 0 . 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.S 0.6 rlrah
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Conclusion In this study, low dose
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processed and packaged product. A m
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Table l.Procedures schematic for ef
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(hydrogen peroxide) produced from t
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Johns, H.E. and Cunningham, J.R. 19
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k TBF#hoursCtime between split dose
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AUTOMATED OHMIC THAWING OF SHRIMP B
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A computer program was developed in
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The computer
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78 Quadrant 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 Tim
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FUTURE WORK The ohmic system perfor
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Using Edible Film to Improve Smoked
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LOG CFU / Sq cm 0 3 6 9 12, 15 18 2
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FIG-l.5 AE SMOKE LOG CFU / Sq cm FI
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FIG-2.1 PSYCHRQT SMOKE LOG CFU / Sq
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For samples stored at l0°C, no sig
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(3) 10 oz copolymer polyethylene ca
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Total Volatile Base Components of P
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Log Anaerobic Plate Counts of Packa
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0, 600 500 - :: 7 400 - 2 z 300 - k
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Log Aerobic Plate Counts of Package
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The variables that correlated well
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Woyewoda, A.D., S.J. Shaw, P.J. Ke,
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used to evaluate both heating and c
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minimize the chances for product re
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Part II Evaluation of the cooling p
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Table 1. Laboratory analyses on con
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REFERENCES APHA, 1984. Compendium o
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market and economic studies focusin
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The foreign demand for U.S. exports
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The survey of California-based seaf
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The Gulf butterfish (and harvestfis
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during the same period. The butterf
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48,693 mt/yr in 198690. The primary
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U.S. Landings consistently increase
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Christmas, J., D. Etzold, T. McIlwa
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Perkins, G. 1977. Potential for exp
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EFFECT OF WASHING WATER pH ON COLOR
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Figure 1, Whole Fish I Dehead (M-07
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138 Hematin concentration, expresse
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Table 1. Mean carotenoids, hematin,
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Table 2. Treatments Mean moisture v
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side). These adjustments are essent
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Siggia S. 1963. Methods for trace q
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work on combining acetates and phos
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untreated fresh fillets and treated
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Fig. 3. 10 0 m control tJ 0.1% MKP-
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negative bacteria such as Pseudomon
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concentrations up to 1% could be us
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Fey, M.S., and Regenstein, J.M. 198
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Schaack, M.M., and Marth E.H. 1988.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials Liv
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. , FIGURE 1. ANAEROBIC PLATE COUNT
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il . --.-_._ 1+_- /: _- : _ _ _ _ _
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, I . ‘ r , r , c I, , -1 ’ I .
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I I ’ , ’ . I : , I ’ I 1 * :
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Reed, R. J., G. R. Ammerman, and T.
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Antioxidants can be added to increa
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Table 1. Effect of wash treatment o
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Table 2. Effect of antioxidant trea
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(1993) for whole dressed catfish. C
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Anonymous. 1992. Processing up 11%
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Sin&_&x, R. O. and Yu, T. C. 1958.
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1. Materials MATERIALS AND METHODS
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Aroma profil
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.z%M 5 =w B 14 29 39 4142 53 64 25
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.s CM 8 C s-t B W S' a .g CM $ C .-
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Marshall, G.A. Moody, M.W., Hackney
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE NMFS PRODUCT QUA
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STORAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF FROZEN B
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OPTIMUM CONDITIONS FOR THE PREPARAT
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3 BUILDING STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS F
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for aquaculture supporting developm
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problem solving of complex regional
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DESIGN OF AN AUTOMAT EVALUATION DEV
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sides of the shrimp were averaged.
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Ammonia Measurements Figure 2 shows
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REFERENCES Balaban, M. O., Yeralan,
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QUALITIES OF FRESH AND PREVIOUSLY F
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For the samples stored for six mont
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stored for six month, had lower bac
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Table 1. Psychrotrophic bacterial p
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Table 7. Juiciness of refrigerated
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Table 12. Cohesiveness of baked ref
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Table 16. Shear force and centrifti
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SAS Institute Inc. 1987. “SAS/STA
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with a color chart. In this paper,
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TABLE 1 Comparison of Histamine Tes
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11, Chassande, O., Renard, S., Barb
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FIGURE 1 Time Course for Histamine
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BACKGROUND A Rapid, Easily Used Tes
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We acknowledge with thanks the inte
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AOAC Add 1 ml Extract to 8 cm Prepa
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248 . Fig. 4 pnitroaniline in HCl N
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1 O .’ REFLECTANCE (arbitrary uni
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552 650 600 Salt Effects in the Fig
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IMMUNOLOGIC APPROACHES TO THE IDENT
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Table 1. Fish collected in Biscayne
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Based on unpublished data comparing
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2. 3. 4. Hartmann, J.X., Poyer, J.C
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irradiated foods look like. After t
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silver carp Wpophthalmichthys molit
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,$mory Analysis. Sensory data were
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Table 3. Percentage of panelists wh
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Table 5. Percent response of paneli
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McNulty, T, 1996. Personal communic
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in a stainless steel tank (SOL) wit
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Mineral Content Five macro-elements
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TBble 1 _ Yield of surimi made from
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Table 4 - Proximate composition of
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goatfish lizardfish, ponyfish, ther
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Table 7 - Amino acid composition of
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Gel Strength For surimi gels, stres
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288 &f&odan, Y., Toyohara, H., and
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CONSUMER SURVEY OF POND RAISED CATF
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Accept&i&y scores of male and femal
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-I- -T-
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100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Fi
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+ 5:
Page 309 and 310: This study evaluated the feasibilit
Page 311 and 312: 1000000 100000 10000 9 1000 > 1 . T
Page 313 and 314: 100000 PIs 10000 E 1000 z 8 100 UJ
Page 315 and 316: 100000 10000 P 12 > 1000 10 1 � T
Page 317 and 318: THE EFFECT OF IONIZING Kvulnificus
Page 319 and 320: io Vulnificus: Past, Present, and F
Page 321 and 322: conce op on Vibrio vulnificus in 19
Page 323 and 324: LEVEL 4 L WA TEMPERATURE** TIME TO
Page 325 and 326: isregard include the education of o
Page 327 and 328: USE OF “COOL PASTEURIZATION” TO
Page 329 and 330: Survival rate of V: vuZnificus in o
Page 331 and 332: REFERENCES BAM. 1992. Bacteriologic
Page 333 and 334: 0 To promote the cooperation and a
Page 335 and 336: SAFETY CONCERN IN THE USE OF MODIFI
Page 337 and 338: CONCLUSION According to some resear
Page 339 and 340: 32 MATERIAL AND METHODS Product Pre
Page 341 and 342: FLOWCHART DIAGRAM FOR THE CANNING P
Page 343 and 344: Americans consume almost four pound
Page 345 and 346: pursuing such agreements and expect
Page 347 and 348: ABSTRACTS PROTECTION ACTIVPTIESOFTF
Page 349 and 350: Mildred Chaparro Food Science and T
Page 351 and 352: GENICALLY AND BLAST FROZEN PACKAGIN
Page 353 and 354: S TO ENSURE SEAFOOD SAFETY AND SEAF
Page 355 and 356: XYGEN-DE FRJZE ICALS AND LIPID PERO
Page 357 and 358: IIOTOXINS: PREVENTION, CONTROL SEAF
Page 359: ASPECTS OF CIGUATERA FIS POISONING
Page 363 and 364: USE OF ANTI ANTS IN FRESH AND FROZE
Page 365 and 366: INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS FOR HACCP E.
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