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The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions

by Paula Gunn Allen

by Paula Gunn Allen

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am try<strong>in</strong>g to get non-<strong>Indian</strong> approval, recognition, or<br />

acknowledgment that my “weak sister” emotional and<br />

<strong>in</strong>tellectual ploys get <strong>the</strong> better of my tribal woman’s good<br />

sense. At such times I forget that I just moved <strong>the</strong> piano or just<br />

wrote a competent paper or just completed a f<strong>in</strong>ancial<br />

transaction satisfactorily or have supported myself and my<br />

children for most of my adult life.<br />

Nor is my contradictory behavior atypical. Most <strong>Indian</strong><br />

women I know are <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> same bicultural b<strong>in</strong>d: we vacillate<br />

between be<strong>in</strong>g dependent and strong, self-reliant and powerless,<br />

strongly motivated and hopelessly <strong>in</strong>secure. We resolve <strong>the</strong><br />

dilemma <strong>in</strong> various ways: some of us party all <strong>the</strong> time; some of<br />

us dr<strong>in</strong>k to excess; some of us travel and move around a lot;<br />

some of us land good jobs and <strong>the</strong>n quit <strong>the</strong>m; some of us engage<br />

<strong>in</strong> violent exchanges; some of us blow our bra<strong>in</strong>s out. We act <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>the</strong>se destructive ways because we suffer from <strong>the</strong> societal<br />

conflicts caused by hav<strong>in</strong>g to identify with two hopelessly<br />

opposed cultural def<strong>in</strong>itions of women. Through this destructive<br />

dissonance we are unhappy prey to <strong>the</strong> self-disparagement<br />

common to, <strong>in</strong>deed demanded of, <strong>Indian</strong>s liv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> United<br />

States today. Our situation is caused by <strong>the</strong> exigencies of a<br />

history of <strong>in</strong>vasion, conquest, and colonization whose sear<strong>in</strong>g<br />

marks are probably <strong>in</strong>eradicable. A popular bumper sticker on<br />

many <strong>Indian</strong> cars proclaims: “If You’re <strong>Indian</strong> You’re In,” to<br />

which I always f<strong>in</strong>d myself add<strong>in</strong>g under my breath, “Trouble.”<br />

III<br />

No <strong>Indian</strong> can grow to any age without be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>formed that her<br />

people were “savages” who <strong>in</strong>terfered with <strong>the</strong> march of<br />

progress pursued by respectable, lov<strong>in</strong>g, civilized white people.<br />

We are <strong>the</strong> villa<strong>in</strong>s of <strong>the</strong> scenario when we are mentioned at<br />

all. We are absent from much of white history except when we<br />

are calmly, rationally, succ<strong>in</strong>ctly, and systematically

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