TechNowlogy

Volume II, Issue 2, LPU-C
TeCH
LOGY
MIT Magazine
Intellectual
Property and The
Internet
Copyright, Plagiarism,
Fair Use, Netiquette
Metaverse
Digital Divide,
Addiction, Bullying,
Essential
Breakthrough
Illustrated by Charlene Marie Tayag
Modelled by Zion Kristofer Echon
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04
Table of
Contents
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY & THE
INTERNET
05 Plagiarism
06
Types of Plagiarism
09 Copyright
11
Fair Use
13 Patent
14
Trademark
17
10 Core Values of Netiquette
19 METAVERSE
20
24
26
28
30
32
35
37
Distance Learning Reveals Digital
Divide
Mother FEEDS her video-game
addicted son who refuses to step
away from his screen for 48 hours
5 Essential Breakthrough Old Media
and Information Literate Individual
"Stop cyberbullying Nuezca's daughter,
say women and child rights organizations"
Following the Miss Canada incident,
Nova Stevens reports she has received
threats online
Types of Bullying
How to Prevent Bullying
THE CREATIVES
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2

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INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY
&
THE
INTERNET

PLAGI
ARISM
Illustrated by Mary Ann Murro
Why Plagiarism is serious
by Louise Pacardo
Answers are everywhere on the internet and doing activities has never been easier as you can just
copy-paste from the internet. We could say that the internet is free, so, all is fair, right? Not really..
This action, whether it is intentional or not, is
called Plagiarism. According to the University of
Oxford, plagiarism can be defined as introducing
materials from other sources as your own. These
materials, whether published or not, are within
Consequences of Plagiarism
Plagiarism and its consequences are greatly
displayed in a story reported by Italie H. from ABC
News (May 2022), where Jumi Bello, an author
who wrote an essay that was published in an
online magazine the “Literary Hub”, entitled “I
Plagiarized Parts of My Debut Novel. Here’s Why",
which was later pulled after people called out
similarities between Bello’s writing and other
materials. The essay included her personal
experiences and her own acts of plagiarism done
in her novel. According to Lambert H. from The
Wrap, the debut novel's release was canceled.
this definition and any act of plagiarism is
considered a disciplinary offense in academic and
professional spaces. It scopes from copying entire
essays to paraphrasing a single sentence without
any credit.
The irony within this story is very amusing. The
writer who admitted to plagiarizing in her debut
novel opted to justify it with more plagiarism. In
the essay she wrote, she was basically justifying
that paraphrasing material she had found and
giving little to no credit was fine as she had made
them "into her own". Now both the essay and the
novel was canceled.
Courtesy of Mary Ann Murro
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TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
by Isabella Palacios and
Sheena Fallarme
As mentioned in the previous part, plagiarism can happen—may it be intentional or not. In order to
prevent committing this or avoid the possible consequences that can come with it, let us tackle the
different types of plagiarism:
Complete Plagiarism
The “complete” duplication or
copying of another’s work and
claiming it as your own.
Direct Plagiarism
Similar to complete plagiarism but
only copies a part of the work.
Self or Auto Plagiarism
When you use your past work but
you don't give yourself a credit.
Paraphrasing Plagiarism
Happens on content made by a
team, when someone makes it but
isn’t creditted or when someone
makes nothing but is given credit.
Mosaic Plagiarism
Occurs when someone interlays
someone else’s sentences within
itself. Also known as patchwork
plagiarism.
Accidential Plagiarism
Usually happens unintentionally,
because of neglect, or a mistake.
Source-based Plagiarism
A. Misleading citation – the citing of a
nonexistent or incorrect source.
B. Misdirecting citation – the failure to
refer to the main source of the
source used.
C. Data Fabrication – the generating
of false information or false studies.
D. Data Falsification – the exclusion
or ignoring of data to reach a biased
conclusion.
Innacurate authorship
The misidentification of who created
the work used. Occurs when an
individual is credited despite not
participating or when an individual is
not credited for his or her
participation.
Edited by Mary Ann Murro
According to Plagiarism.org (June 2017), 63,700 US undergraduate and 9,250 graduate students were
surveyed by Donald McCabe from Rutgers University over the course of three years about plagiarism
and academic integrity which revealed the following:
Academic Integrity in College
and Graduate School
A - Admits to "paraphrasing/copying few sentences
from internet source without footnoting it."
B - Admits to "paraphrasing/copying few sentences
from written source without footnoting it."
C - Admits to “fabricating/falsifying a bibliography”
D - Self reports copying materials "almost word for
word from a written source without citation.”
E - Self reports “turning in work done by another.”
F - Reports “obtaining paper from term paper mill.”
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Graduates / Undergraduates
A B C D E F
Data Courtesy of Plagiarism.org
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HOW to AVOID
PLAGIARISM?
Illustrated by Hermogenes Satingin
Importance of knowing this:
As defined by the Merriam Webster, Plagiarism is
“an act of copying the ideas or words of another
person without giving credit to that person". From
these words alone, plagiarizing, in summary, is
not a good thing to do. And here’s more, albeit
brief, reasons why:
Plagiarism helps no one. As a person, it does not
help you. You plagiarizing means that you have
not learned or have not grown to credit people
for their work. For the recipient, it does not help
them as it informs them that you are okay with
stealing other people’s ideas and/or words—
lessening your integrity. Most importantly, it does
not help the person getting stolen from as it does
not give them proper credit for their work,
meaning, they do not get to reap the benefits that
they once sowed.
by Louise Pacardo and Sheena Fallarme
There are many ways to avoid plagiarism. But
according to Garcia V. (2012), here are some
specific tips for you to do:
Don't procrastinate your work.
The less time you have for creating a research,
the more you are prone to plagiarizing and
making mistakes.
Commit to doing your own work.
The "easy way" isn't always the best way. Actually,
try to understand the assigned work and exert a
sufficient amount of effort to make it good.
Be 100% diligent in your note-taking.
A good way to avoid plagiarism is properly
separating your own ideas from other materials
in planning and note-taking.
Cite your sources diligently.
Properly cite materials that were used in the
paper. Regardless of the material, if they are from
another source, they must be cited properly.
Understand good paraphrasing.
In order to paraphrase properly, you must fully
understand the material you wish to paraphrase
in order to create your own summary and avoid
just replacing words with synonyms.
With all the reasons given above, it should be
noted that plagiarism should be avoided. By citing
the sources for your work, you are already one
step ahead of others who don't.
Illustrated by Hermogenes Satingin
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OPYRIGHT
by Apollo Ravelo
The Thief Who is Not Imprisoned
Stealing and taking something that is not ours is one of the things we have learned since we were
young. With emergence of the new technology, it seems that it has become easy for humans to obtain
and steal information and original works. Copyright and copyright infringement—what is it? And how
does this protect the real owners of the original works?
According to Copyright.gov (2022), Copyright is a
type of intellectual property that protects the
work of the original author. Paintings,
photographs, songs, recordings, books, poetry,
blog posts, and more are the different types of
copyright in work. Through this, there are rights
granted to the creators. Those rights prohibit
other people from using their works for specific
purposes without permission. Otherwise, they
would have to face consequences.
Copyright infringement means that someone is
using the original work or the copyrighted work
without the permission of the owner. In the
Philippines, there are penalties for this,
depending on the person's offenses' count.
In my observation, there is not much awareness
paid to the acquisition of the original works
nowadays. It's easy for people to do a little
paraphrasing and claim to be an original creator.
These Internet thieves continue to become more
prevalent because they are not afraid because no
one is punished. At universities such as the
Lyceum of the Philippines University - Cavite,
retrieval of information on the internet is strict
with the use of Turnitin, which determines
whether it was originally made by the student or
not. By the laws in our constitution and also
depending on the power of the original work, it is
up to them whether they will let other people
steal the things they have worked for.
Edited by Carl Tuy
In BananaIP Counsels' 2020 report, a
total of 21,882 copyright registration
applications were submitted in India.
There were 729 applications, compared
to 21,153 applications in 2019.
The chart's x-axis shows the months in a
year, while the y-axis shows the data for
copyright applications. The total number
of copyright applications filed in 2020
increased by 3.44% compared to 2019.
The majority of entries submitted in
2020 were literary or theatrical
productions, followed by works of art,
with the fewest submissions of musical
works.
Data Courtesy of BananaIP Counsels
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Fair
Use
Definition
Fair use grants users the right to use copyrighted material
without permission under certain circumstances. If the use is
fair, the user does not need to notify the copyright owner or ask
for permission. Fair use of copyrighted works is not a copyright
infringement.
Examples of fair use are quotes in books, parody such as on
television shows, video or sound clips in documentary films, and
more.
by Apollo Ravelo
Article Critique
There are Four Factors of Fair Use, which are also
part of the Philippine judicial system. They are (1)
the purpose and character of your use, (2) the
nature of the copyrighted work, (3) the amount
and substantiality of the portion taken, and (3)
the effect of the use upon the potential market.
Does this mean that we can take at least a little
of the original works of others, as long as we
follow the four factors of fair use?
In the article I read by Intellectual Property office
of the Philippines (2019), Google faced an issue
due to their Google Library Project in 2005.
Google has digitized 20 million books and
participating libraries around the world that own
physical books, including the University of the
Philippines Diliman, without asking the author
for permission. Google was sued in 2005 for
copyright infringement by the Authors Guild and
several major publishers for scanning a digital
copy of the full text of a book into a search
database. It claimed that the project falls under
the fair use principles of US copyright law. In
2015, the US Courts issued a decision in favor of
Google.
Edited by Arianna Atas
How fair is fair use if we base it on the Google
issue? Was the decision of the US courts right? Or
they just sided with Google because it’s a big
company? If we would base Google's project on
the Four Factors of Fair Use, it is appropriate. If
Google made a mistake, it would not have had
permission from the original authors of the
books. But come to think of it, if it was done in
the same situation but by a different company
not as big as Google, will the Supreme Court still
side with them?
DID YOU KNOW?
Edited by Carl Tuy
According to the University of Maryland in the
United States, courts endorsed the 10% rule— if a
person uses less than ten percent (10%) of the
total work or one (1) chapter of a book if the book
has ten (10) chapters or more, then it is fair use.
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Inventors are granted rights to their inventions
through applying for a patent. In legal terms, the
invention can’t be made, sold, or utilized by
others if the inventor chooses not to give them
permission. Other than this, it is also a way of
encouraging the creation of more innovations
that can greatly contribute to society.
Edited by Arianna Atas
Photograph
Related to the aforementioned statement, it is
also the uniqueness and usefulness that makes
an item patentable. Another way to put it is it
must be “novel” and “non-obvious”. Once
qualified, the items can then be categorized into
the three kinds of patents: utility patents, design
patents, and plant patents. Some patentable
items include but are not limited to: drugs,
furniture design, computer software and
hardware, and chemical formulas and processes.
Patenting is yet another way of giving credit
where it is due—in this case, for inventors. While
complicated, it is best for inventors to know their
rights and gain the benefits that come with it.
After all, if it weren’t for them, society would not
have progressed as much as it has now.
by Jenzen Baluyot
Illustrated by Arianna Atas
Patent
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Trademarks can be seen everywhere—on clothes,
appliances, foods, beverages, and even in the
streets. Be it goods, or services, it is a way of
labeling a business’ products, which makes it easier
to market to customers.
Apart from being used as a name, trademarks also
give companies legal rights to protect their brand.
The way it works is that no other businesses can get
the same logo, symbol, design, word or phrase of a
brand and use it on their own. However, this
doesn’t mean that other businesses can’t make a
similar one. That is, if the rule applies to them.
On the legal aspect, there is technically a difference
between owning a trademark and having a
registered trademark. Having a symbol and using it
is already established as owning a trademark.
Although, this only applies to a limited range
demographically. To gain nationwide rights, the
owner must register their trademark.
Trademarks are unique markers of identity. Having
one protects the branding of a company, and
makes their products easier to recognize. This is
just among the several ways of strengthening a
business.
Edited by Carl Tuy
Trademark
by Jenzen Baluyot
How Popular Brand Names and Logos Came to Be
Coca-Cola came up with their name by
combining the names of the two main
ingredients: cocoa leaves and cola nuts.
The McDonald's golden arches originated
from Architect Stanley Clark Meston's old
design of the drive-in building where either
side of the restaurant had an arch.
The bite on the iconic Apple logo, was made so
that it wouldn't be confused for a cherry
according to the designer himself, Rob Janoff.
Nike came from the Winged Greek Goddess of
Victory, Nike. The 'swoosh' logo was inspired
from her wings, symbolizing the sound of
speed, power, movement, and motivation.
Edited by Carl Tuy
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10 CORE VALUES
An estimated 5 billion people in the world use the internet—which is equivalent to 63% of the world’s
total population. We are definitely part of that community, and as a citizen, don’t you think that we
should always be decent and show our best self to the people around us? The rules of etiquette are
just as important as they are in the real world. Thankfully, we have the ten core rules of netiquette,
from Virginia Shea’s book, Netiquette.
Rule 1 : Remember the human
Do unto others what you’d have others do unto you. When you socialize
through a computer screen, your way of communication is very limited, and
that goes for everyone else. It’s easy to forget that you’re talking to another
human just as yourself, so you might view the one that you’re talking to as
someone who doesn’t have feelings. You should always think, “Would I say it to a
person’s face?”
Rule 2 : Adhere to the same standards
of behavior online that you follow in real life
It is easy to get carried away by the anonymity offered by being online on the
internet. You may start to forget that the actions you do online have
consequences too. Remember that just because you are talking to people on a
screen does not mean that there is nobody behind the screen. When
interacting with people online, remember to behave in the appropriate manner
that would be observed as if you were in the real world interacting with them
face-to-face.
Rule 3 : Know where you are in Cyberspace
What’s perfectly acceptable and normal in one part of cyberspace can be rude
and unsuitable to another. Gossip can be good in one platform but very
controversial in the other. Not every place in cyberspace has the same people
and values. It’s advisable to look before you leap. Take a look around the
domain you are interested in joining. Listen and get a sense of the people who
are part of it first.
Rule 4 : Respect other people’s time and bandwidth
You are not the center of everyone’s life, in and out of the internet. Remember,
the people you talk to online have their own lives like you do. Not everyone you
talk to may be in the same timezone as you since the internet consists of
netizens from around the world. You can’t expect them to be available like how
you are also not available.
Rule 5 : Make yourself look good online
You wouldn’t leave your house looking bad, same how you wouldn’t make
yourself look bad in front everyone in the internet. Always make yourself look
presentable, since whatever you put in the internet, may stay there for good. Be
mindful what you write, what places you go to, and what people can view you
as in your profile.
Illustrated by Sam Litonjua
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OF NETIQUETTE
by Mari Isabelle Palacios
Rule 6 : Share expert knowledge
The internet is such a big place that connects everyone from
everywhere. Information spreads so easily, so why not share
information that are valuable? You can have the answer to multiple
people’s question. Use your platform for good. Be a person people
in need that can be looked up to for knowledge. Just be sure that
what you say is factual.
Rule 7 : Help keep flame wars under control
“Flaming” is when people lose control of their emotions and they
express themselves without holding themselves back. It may sound
provocative and tempting to respond, but it’s better to avoid those
heated discussions. It isn’t forbidden to flame. It has been
happening since the existence of the internet and it can be
sometimes entertaining to view, but be sure that you are only an
audience, not a recipient.
Rule 8 : Respect other people’s privacy
It’s just basic human decency to respect people’s privacy. It sounds
like such a nightmare for someone else to read your diary, isn’t it? It
would feel disturbing to know that someone else has been
rummaging through your personal things, and it feels the same
when someone goes through your personal messages and emails.
Respect each other’s privacy—that’s all we need to do.
Rule 9 : Don’t abuse your power
Like in every community, some people have more power than the
others. Whether it is by having more control or access, or being more
educated, you must still treat everyone with equity. There is no
situation that gives anyone a right to take advantage of another
individual. “With great power comes great responsibility”, as they say.
Rule 10 : Be forgiving of other people’s mistakes
Everyone started being part of the internet community from
somewhere, often with little to no knowledge of what the internet
contains and serves. Not everyone is also accustomed to being
disciplined. We can’t expect each individual to be perfect in the
internet, just as in real life. All you should do as a bystander is
keep your poise and always be kind. Remember, everyone makes
mistakes—consider forgiveness.
Edited by Shame Javier
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Illustrated by Wyatt Jacob Martinez

Edited by Gale Anne Aris
distance learning
reveals digital divide
By Ellie Pegollo
The article by Ana P. Santos (2020) shares the story of eighteen-year-old (at the time) Erika Marie
Custodio. She was a college freshman in dire need of devices she can use for her online classes. From
joining giveaways, only to be met with little to no luck, she resorted to playing a game in Shopee called
“Shopee Bubble”. From what was gathered, if she was able to garner 600 diamonds, she can swap this
for a brand new laptop. With achieving a little above halfway her goal, she made do with the phone
she has, momentarily, despite finding difficulty in understanding her classes this way.
Her life is shown as a story of resiliency, of how she managed to cope with not having the devices she
needed for education, and of how we should look up to her. Most admittedly, she is admirable in
more ways than one, but to see this as something inspiring? Does a student need to go through this
great deal of agony and the inability to keep up with her peers and classmates, not because of her
intelligence or the lack thereof, but because she doesn’t have the appropriate devices and supplies for
online learning, in order to be considered as remarkable?
Why do we have the need to sugarcoat stories into something of a great quest when it's far from that?
Custodio’s story shows how detrimental the digital divide is in education. Having sufficient technology
is a luxury, and as long as the gap widens between those who have easy access to this and those who
cannot, there is no equilibrium.
And as long as we fail to address this, we fail as students, educators, and leaders.
TeC HN
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Quick Trivia
By Ellie Pegollo
Courtesy of Rosh Par
According to Philippines Digital
Economy Report (2020), nearly
60 percent of households do
not have access to the internet.
As of 2022, A webinar held
by USAid Better Access and
Connectivity Project
highlights the issue in the
Philippines that 40 percent
of the population find
broadband rates
expensive.
Illustrated by Randy Parales
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Mother FEEDS her video-game addicted
son who refuses to step away from
his screen for 48 hours
By Ellie Pegollo
Here depicts a mother desperate to get her child home.
The child remains glued in his seat, with a thousand-yard
stare in his eyes, overlooking a void. The post was made as
a mother’s desperate attempt to bring her child home. It
has been two days since the child went home, overtly
hooked on playing Rules of Survival. From what used to be
a mild interest for the child, has become an addiction.
In the video, the child appears to disregard his mother's
pleas to stop— continuously looking at his screen,
inattentive. Not only is this taking a toll on himself and his
health, but also on his mother, dying with endless worry
because she is unable to put him off his vices. It resulted in
his mother force-feeding his sustenance. Beforehand,
they’ve taken greater action, at some point the child was
dropped out of school because of how debilitating the
addiction was (Ross Ibbetson, 2019).
Some had found hilarity in this post despite how grave it is.
Addiction to social media and video games is often
overlooked and normalized because of its relatability when
in reality, it's supposed to be something frowned upon. This
fixation should not be tolerated because of the effects it
can have in the long run.
Internet addiction is something serious and as long as we
grow dependent on technology, the harder it would be to
wear down. We should start unplugging from our
computers when we have the chance to— have a social
media detox and simply interact with people outside our
screens before we grow accustomed to it.
According to Statista (2022), the average Filipino user
spends 10.27 hours surfing the internet, daily.
According to We Are Social and Hootsuite (2021), the
average Filipino user spends 4 and 15 minutes on social
media alone.
It was reported that the Philippines led in internet
usage in 2021 and 2019.
Courtesy of Bart Lachica
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The new media has undoubtedly improved
and changed the way people carry on with
their everyday routines. From having easy
access to examining articles for your
academic papers, to planning your next getaway,
to making job applications easier,
everything has basically been spoon-fed by
the internet for us. Back then, individuals had
few options other than to get things done in a
less convenient way. Students must double
their effort in visiting libraries to look for
books and gather data needed in school,
unlike nowadays, when everything you need
to know is just a one click away.
The use of different media has become a
centerpiece in young adults’ lives. The
connection between the digital media and the
people became a gateway for them to be
more politically aware. Back then, younger
generations were believed to be less engaged
in traditional politics and less likely to
participate in it but when new media arose,
scholars expressed optimism that this would
mark the beginning of younger people's
democratic involvement, which it did. The
media has successfully developed a platform
that people can utilize and rely on for political
news and information and has provided a
platform for individuals to express their
opinions on governmental issues, which was
something unthinkable back in the days.
According to Urban Institute (2021),
younger workers with a digital score of
280 are more computer literate than
older ones who only got 257.
With the rise of modern technology in media
and information, numerous job prospects
have opened up for young people, particularly
those who are fluent in English and computer
literate, as most tasks like filling and business
transactions can now be completed using
technology.
Technology in the modern age has given
people access to a vast source of knowledge
in information. Scholarly article websites,
research firms, and educational YouTube
videos are excellent supplementary modes of
education; one person can learn many
educational lessons on the internet that are
distributed in a smart and engaging way, that
traditional education systems should learn.
However, acquiring skills is better learned in
an interpersonal setup since the internet lacks
the nuanced approach of learning that
humans need.
Modern modes of media and literature
allowed different groups of people,
regardless of social background to come
together, connect, and even form tight-knit
groups. This is why different communities
and relations are formed to this day. For
example—one can connect with other people
around the world and have discussions with
them, or have connected with a distant loved
one from the other side of the world, and call
for help to anyone from afar with the use of
modern technology.
TeC HN
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By Vitto Prima
"Stop cyberbullying Nuezca's daughter, say women
and child rights organizations"
Needs appropriate intervention and rehabilitation’, not public ridicule and judgment, said by the
Philippine Commission on Women (PCW) in regards to cop Jonel Nuezca’s daughter.
Organizations that aim to protect women and children’s rights plead to not include the Police Senior
Master Sergeant Jonel Nuezca's daughter from cyberbullying. Like other children, Nuezca’s daughter
has the right to be protected from any forms of violence, the PCW emphasized in a statement.
Moments before Jonel Nuezca was shot dead, their neighbors—Sonya and Frank Anthony Gregorio,
the cop’s daughter that was beside him was heard shouting, “My father is a policeman!”.
“What the video showed us is only her surface”, “a possible manifestation of her environment and many
other factors that we did not witness and so we do not have the right to judge”, the PCW stated on
Wednesday, December 23. The events that happened and how it escalated quickly from confrontation
to murder was caugh on video. Nuezca’s daughter drew a lot of attention and criticism online as the
video went viral. The PCW stated, “Instead of public ridicule, judgment, uncalled-for sharing of her
pictures, and digging into her life, she needs appropriate intervention and rehabilitation. Let us show
compassion to her - the very same thing that we demand from agents of the law”
As stated by the Council of the Welfare of Children (CWC), the child won’t learn the consequences for
her actions through cyberbullying. The CWC added, “Instigating condemnation and negative reaction
towards her will make us no different from the real perpetrator who should be held accountable”.
CWC also noted that the ability of the child to regulate her emotions is not fully developed. The
policeman should be the one focused on, to be held accountable for such actions.
Courtesy of Bart Lachica
TeC HN
oWLOGY
28

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FOLLOWING
THE MISS
CANADA
INCIDENT,
NOVA
STEVENS
REPORTS
SHE HAS
RECEIVED
THREATS
ONLINE.
By Vitto Prima
Miss Universe Canada 2020 Nova Stevens utilized the use of
social media platforms to expose threats she’s been receiving
following the incident between her publicist MGMode
Communications and fashion designer Michael Cinco. Stevens
showed screenshots of hateful messages and racist remarks
that she received along with the threats against her and her
team’s lives, on Monday, May 24.
“I have been getting death threats, racist trolls are hurling
despicable insults at me, and people are dragging characters with
lies. What amazes me is the people seem to be more outraged at
my alleged ‘lack of thanks’ rather than being asked to die and
receiving racist hate”, she stated. The beauty queen also stated
that she will not be tolerating the attacks she’s been receiving.
“I don’t deserve that. Michael said he’d give us a war, but we are a
peace-loving nation and we don’t accept this war. We don’t accept
racism. We don’t accept bullying”, she stated
Steven also revealed that she doesn’t usually respond to
drama or hate but due to the amount of backlash she’s been
getting, she decided to shed light on her side. Women,
especially on social media, have been subject to a lot of online
harassment. Over half of young women in the Philippines have
been reported being harassed online. Steven stated, “My team
worked very hard to secure a deal with Michael without having a
big budget as Canada is not a major pageant country and we don’t
have the type of support some other countries do,” following
Cinco’s revelation that the Miss Canada team didn’t pay him."
The team had an agreement with the Filipino designer to
sponsor her main contest gowns, as Steven stated. The beauty
queen also emphasized that the agreement was not free and
that in return of lending her a gown to be used on the event,
PR, publicity and safe return is what they have promised to the
designer in exchange. Concerning Cinco’s remark against her,
calling the beauty queen “ungrateful,” Stevens said that she
constantly thanked the designer right from the start, from
various posts as well.
After all the events that took place, Steven admitted that their
team made a mistake and that she apologizes on behalf of her
team. Despite the backlash, Stevens continues to embrace her
pageant experience as a positive one. “I personally love all my
fellow contestants, I love every single one of my sponsors including
Micheal and I love my team. I don’t agree with the ego battle on
either side and I’m sorry for any missteps on our part. I wish that
people would find more love and understanding in their hearts”,
she added.
Cinco has no respond yet to Stevens and MDMode
Communications.
TeC HN
oWLOGY
30

Ryl Tea
A C H A N N E L T H A T A D V O C A T E S F A C T -
C H E C K I N G A N D A N T I - C Y B E R B U L L Y I N G
No bashing, just facts!
Hit the like,
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for more!

TYPES OF BULLYING
By Vitto Prima
Illustrated by Hartzell Velayo
There are numerous types or methods of bullying that a child or adult may experience, some types of
bullying can be easily distinguished or can be easily spotted while some can be more subtle. Here are
some different types of bullying that may occur;
PHYSICAL BULLYING
As the name suggests, this type of bullying
includes harmful physical actions that can cause
damage to a person that may ruin their
experience of life due to injuries they might
attain from such bullying. Hitting, kicking,
pushing, damaging property, etc. are some
examples of physical bullying.
SOCIAL BULLYING
Also known as “covert bullying”, this type of
bullying can be carried out or can be executed
in a fashion or a way that the bullied person
may not even be able to recognize. Its specific
goal is to harm someone’s reputation and/or
cause shame and embarrassment.
VERBAL BULLYING
Verbal bullying is one of the most common
varieties of bullying that happens. This bullying
includes homophobic or racist remarks, teasing,
name calling, and a lot more. While physical
bullying may leave scars in the body, verbal
bullying can cause emotional scars that can take
a lot of time to heal, in some cases.
CYBERBULLYING
As digital advancements happen, bullying
comes with it. Cyberbullying is a type of bullying
that can be performed through the use of
computers, phones, and any electronic devices.
While the perpetrator uses computers and
devices alike, the actual bullying happens
through different software such as social media,
texts, and any other social media platforms.
TeC HN
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32

by Vitto Prima
1
There’s a holiday about bullying. It’s named “National Stop Bullying Day”,
and it is designed to raise awareness against bullying.
2
3
4
Over half of students ages 12-18 who reported being bullied believed their
bullies had the ability to influence what other students thought of them.
[TRIGGER WARNING] Almost a quarter of those who have been bullied
have had suicidal thoughts.
More than half of people under 25 have experienced bullying at some
point.
5
The earliest meaning of English bully was “sweetheart.” The word was probably
borrowed from Dutch boel, “lover.” Later, bully was used for anyone who seemed a good
fellow, then for a blustering daredevil. Today, a bully is usually one whose claims to
strength and courage are based on the intimidation of those who are weaker.
TeC HN
oWLOGY
33

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HOW TO
PREVENT
BULLYING
by Vitto Prima
Illustrated by Xavier Andrei
Not only do the
parents, and school
staffs have the
power to prevent
and put an end to
bullying, but you and
everyone else can
also help to
extinguish bullying
or lessen the cases
of bullying.
Let’s discover ways how to prevent bullying:
HELP INDIVIDUALS UNDERSTAND BULLYING
Help kids or adults, if you may, to understand
what bullying is. Those individuals who have an
understanding of what bullying is can easily
distinguish what bullying is, hence, it can then be
easily brought to light among parents or peers.
INSTILL HEALTHY BEHAVIOR
Kids tend to learn actions from what adults do
and say. By being a good influence on kids, they
too, will practice traits such as kindness and
respect that soon will easily manifest in how
they talk and act, growing up as a well-mannered
adult.
ENGAGE PARENTS
Sadly enough, they may be with you almost all
the time, parents are the ones who are most
likely to recognize when their child is being
bullied. The reason for this could be because
their child is terrified of what could happen and
they might be thinking about how events may
escalate. Like the tip above, posting a story or
posting on different social media platforms can
easily attract parents' attention. With that being
said, they’ll reach out or ask questions or initiate
conversations with their children regarding the
topic.
ENCOURAGE OPEN COMMUNICATION
Research says that children, most of the time, do
look for advice or help from their parents or
guardians in regards to tough decisions.
Communicate well with your kids or friends and
give them some sort of assurance that you are
with them every step of the way, in doing so,
they’ll be more likely to voice out their pains and
stuff alike.
RAISE AWARENESS OF BULLYING
Though this has got to be one of those pieces of
advice that have been repeatedly given over and
over again. The reason for that is because the
situation is unchanging, bullying becomes worse
over time. Though there have been a lot of
improvements, we still have a lot of work to do.
Raising awareness can be just by posting
something that has to do with raising awareness
against bullying in your story, and this can be a
huge help. You can also post on different social
media platforms or offer or reach out to those
who are in need.
TeC HN
oWLOGY
35

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Magazine Covers, Editorial Board, and MLA References
Manager
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Designers
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Intellectual Property and the Internet (Copyright, Plagiarism, Fair Use, Netiquette)
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Assistant Manager
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Metaverse (Digital Divide, Addiction, Bullying, Essential Breakthrough)
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Probably Never Knew (ditchthelabel.org)
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“5 Way Technology Has Improved Our Quality Of Life”. HealthTech, February 19, 2021,5 Ways Technology Has Improved
Our Quality Of Life (healthtechzone.com)
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at UCLA Library
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(ipophil.gov.ph)
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