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DƯỢC LÍ Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 12th, 2010
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Table 65–2
Vehicles for Topically Applied Drugs
CREAM OINTMENT GEL/FOAM LOTION/SOLUTION/FOAM
Physical basis Oil in water emulsion Water in oil Water-soluble Solution-dissolved drug
emulsion
base
Lotion-suspended drug
Aerosol propellant with drug
Foam drug with surfactant as
foaming agent and propellant
Solubilizing >31% water (up to 80%) <25% water Contains water- May be aqueous or alcoholic
medium
soluble polyethylene
glycols
Pharmacological Leaves concentrated drug Protective oil Concentrates drug
advantage at skin surface film on skin at surface after
evaporation
Advantages for Spreads and removes Spreads easily Nonstaining Low residue on scalp
patient easily Slows water Greaseless
No greasy feel evaporation Clear appearance
Gives a cooling
effect
Locations on Most locations Avoid Foams well for scalp Solutions and foams are well
body intertriginous and other hairy accepted on scalp
areas
locations
Disadvantages Needs preservatives Greasy to very Needs preservatives
greasy
High alcohol can
Stains clothes be drying
Occlusion Low Moderate to high
Increases skin
moisture
Composition Requires humectants Needs surfactants Microspheres or
issues (glycerine, propylene to prevent phase microsponges can
glycol, polyethylene separation be formulated in
glycols) to keep moist Hydrocarbon gels
when applied
(VASELINE)
Oil phase with long-chain
alcohol for stability and
smooth feel
Has absorption bases—
hydrophilic petrolatum
glucocorticoids. Absorption varies among body areas;
the steroid is selected on the basis of its potency, the
site of involvement, and the severity of the skin disease.
Often, a more potent steroid is used initially, followed
by a less potent agent. Most practitioners
become familiar with at least one glucocorticoid in
each class to facilitate selection of the appropriate
strength of therapy. Twice-daily application of topical
glucocorticoids is sufficient, and more frequent application
does not improve response (Green et al., 2005).
In general, only nonfluorinated glucocorticoids should
be used on the face or in occluded areas such as the
axillae or groin.
Intralesional preparations of glucocorticoids
include insoluble preparations of triamcinolone acetonide
(KENALOG-10) and triamcinolone hexacetonide
Table 65–2Vehicles for Topically Applied DrugsCREAM OINTMENT GEL/FOAM LOTION/SOLUTION/FOAMPhysical basis Oil in water emulsion Water in oil Water-soluble Solution-dissolved drugemulsionbaseLotion-suspended drugAerosol propellant with drugFoam drug with surfactant asfoaming agent and propellantSolubilizing >31% water (up to 80%) <25% water Contains water- May be aqueous or alcoholicmediumsoluble polyethyleneglycolsPharmacological Leaves concentrated drug Protective oil Concentrates drugadvantage at skin surface film on skin at surface afterevaporationAdvantages for Spreads and removes Spreads easily Nonstaining Low residue on scalppatient easily Slows water GreaselessNo greasy feel evaporation Clear appearanceGives a coolingeffectLocations on Most locations Avoid Foams well for scalp Solutions and foams are wellbody intertriginous and other hairy accepted on scalpareaslocationsDisadvantages Needs preservatives Greasy to very Needs preservativesgreasyHigh alcohol canStains clothes be dryingOcclusion Low Moderate to highIncreases skinmoistureComposition Requires humectants Needs surfactants Microspheres orissues (glycerine, propylene to prevent phase microsponges canglycol, polyethylene separation be formulated inglycols) to keep moist Hydrocarbon gelswhen applied(VASELINE)Oil phase with long-chainalcohol for stability andsmooth feelHas absorption bases—hydrophilic petrolatumglucocorticoids. Absorption varies among body areas;the steroid is selected on the basis of its potency, thesite of involvement, and the severity of the skin disease.Often, a more potent steroid is used initially, followedby a less potent agent. Most practitionersbecome familiar with at least one glucocorticoid ineach class to facilitate selection of the appropriatestrength of therapy. Twice-daily application of topicalglucocorticoids is sufficient, and more frequent applicationdoes not improve response (Green et al., 2005).In general, only nonfluorinated glucocorticoids shouldbe used on the face or in occluded areas such as theaxillae or groin.Intralesional preparations of glucocorticoidsinclude insoluble preparations of triamcinolone acetonide(KENALOG-10) and triamcinolone hexacetonide
Table 65–3Potency of Selected Topical GlucocorticoidsCLASS OF DRUG a GENERIC NAME, FORMULATION TRADE NAME1 Betamethasone dipropionate cream, ointment 0.05% (in optimized vehicle) DIPROLENEClobetasol propionate cream, ointment 0.05%TEMOVATEDiflorasone diacetate, ointment 0.05%PSORCONHalobetasol propionate, ointment 0.05%ULTRAVATE2 Amcinonide, ointment 0.1% CYCLOCORTBetamethasone dipropionate, ointment 0.05%Desoximetasone, cream, ointment 0.25%, gel 0.05%TOPICORTDiflorasone diacetate, ointment 0.05%Fluocinonide, cream, ointment, gel 0.05%Halcinonide, cream, ointment 0.1%DIPROSONE, othersFLORONE, MAXIFLORLIDEX, LIDEX-E, FLUONEXHALOG, HALOG-E3 Betamethasone dipropionate, cream 0.05% DIPROSONE, othersBetamethasone valerate, ointment 0.1%BETATREX, othersDiflorasone diacetate, cream 0.05%FLORONE, MAXIFLORTriamcinolone acetonide, ointment 0.1%, cream 0.5%ARISTOCORT A, others4 Amcinonide, cream 0.1% CYCLOCORTDesoximetasone, cream 0.05%TOPICORT LPFluocinolone acetonide, cream 0.2%SYNALAR-HPFluocinolone acetonide, ointment 0.025%SYNALARFlurandrenolide, ointment 0.05%, tape 4 μg/cm 2CORDRANHydrocortisone valerate, ointment 0.2%WESTCORTTriamcinolone acetonide, ointment 0.1%Mometasone furoate, cream, ointment 0.1%ELOCONKENALOG, ARISTOCORT5 Betamethasone dipropionate, lotion 0.05% DIPROSONE, othersBetamethasone valerate, cream, lotion 0.1%BETATREX, othersFluocinolone acetonide, cream 0.025%SYNALARFlurandrenolide, cream 0.05%CORDRAN SPHydrocortisone butyrate, cream 0.1%LOCOIDHydrocortisone valerate, cream 0.2%WESTCORTTriamcinolone acetonide, cream, lotion 0.1%KENALOGTriamcinolone acetonide, cream 0.025%ARISTOCORT6 Alclometasone dipropionate, cream, ointment 0.05% ACLOVATEDesonide, cream 0.05%Fluocinolone acetonide, cream, solution 0.01%SYNALARTRIDESILON, DESOWEN7 Dexamethasone sodium phosphate, cream 0.1% DECADRONHydrocortisone, cream, ointment, lotion 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%HYTONE, NUTRICORT,aClass 1 is most potent; class 7 is least potent.PENECORT(ARISTOSPAN), which solubilize gradually and thereforehave a prolonged duration of action.Toxicity. Chronic use of class 1 topical glucocorticoidscan cause skin atrophy, striae, telangiectasias, purpura,and acneiform eruptions. Because perioral dermatitisand rosacea can develop after the use of fluorinatedcompounds on the face, they should not be used on thissite. Occlusion increases the risk of HPA suppression.Systemic GlucocorticoidsTherapeutic Uses. Systemic glucocorticoid therapy is usedfor severe dermatological illnesses. In general, it is best
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viiiCONTENTS22. Treatment of Centra
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xiiCONTRIBUTORSBruce A. Chabner, MD
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xivCONTRIBUTORSJonathan M. Meyer, M
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xviCONTRIBUTORSRobert H. Tukey, PhD
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4SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESbegan i
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16SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESyears.
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18SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESDRUGDO
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20SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLEScompou
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22SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESgroups
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24SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESphysic
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26SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESdivers
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28SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESphase
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30SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESDivisi
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32SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESconsis
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34SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLEStherap
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36SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESMainte
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38SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESThe ne
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42 signaling compounds are termed a
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44 receptors, but because the endog
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46 ligand-receptor complex, LR*. Th
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48 agonist plus an effective concen
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50SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESPRESCR
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52 constrained by compartmentation
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54A. Activation by Ligand Binding o
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56 Second MessengersSECTION IGENERA
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58 markedly stimulates Ca 2+ flux,
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60 voltage-gated (Jegla et al., 200
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62SECTION IA(a) UnligandedreceptorI
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64 from the complex allowing the p5
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66 upon binding ligand. Other membe
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68 FADD/TRAF2, and caspase 8, which
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70 of cyclic GMP are also increased
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72 Vo NK, Gettemy JM, Coghlan VM. I
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74100ADeathSECTION I% of Population
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76SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESisofor
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78SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESantago
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80SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESarrhyt
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82SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESThe in
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84SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESGastri
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86SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESTable
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90TherapeuticeffectMetabolismTExcre
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92Clearance organs(liver, kidney)Co
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94Passive transport (downhill trans
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96SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESNoncom
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Table 5-1Regulation of Transporter
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100ExtracellularSECTION IGENERAL PR
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Table 5-2Families in the Human Solu
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Table 5-3The ATP Binding Cassette (
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Table 5-4ABC Transporters Involved
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108SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESIn th
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110SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESthe u
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112SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESOC +B
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114SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLEStrans
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116SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESincre
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118SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESHaseg
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120SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESmulti
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124SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESconst
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126SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESorall
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Table 6-2Major Reactions Involved i
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130SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESco-ad
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132SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESreact
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134SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESSN-38
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136SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESnon-c
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Table 6-4Indications and Unwanted S
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140SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESsyndr
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142SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESthe t
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146SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESstres
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148SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESsubst
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150SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESEthni
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152Monogenic traitMultigenic traitS
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154SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESlikel
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15625060Common genetic formSECTION
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158AgeneCYP3A5*1 allele123456789101
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Table 7-3Examples of Genetic Polymo
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162warfarinCYP2C9hydroxywarfarin5SE
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164SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESin a
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166SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESBIBLI
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168SECTION IGENERAL PRINCIPLESRosne
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172 regulation of sacral parasympat
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174 third lumbar segment. The axons
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176 ganglia, the ratio of pregangli
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Table 8-1Responses of Effector Orga
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Table 8-1Responses of Effector Orga
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182 While these criteria are applic
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184 those vesicles in close proximi
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186HemicholiniumAcCoA + CholineChol
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188 in transmitter release comes fr
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190 Subtypes of Nicotinic Acetylcho
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Table 8-3Characteristics of Muscari
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194 and inhibition of excitable mem
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196SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYcorre
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Table 8-5Characteristics of Plasma
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200 by activation of β 2adrenergic
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202SECTION IIHOHOCH 3 OHOHOHHO H OH
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Table 8-6Characteristics for Adrene
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Table 8-7Representative Agents Acti
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208α 1A α 2A β 1NH 2NH 2NH 2SECT
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210 uncoupling of G-protein signali
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212 and atenolol, which antagonize
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214 to inhibit its own release. NPY
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216 Furchgott RF. Endothelium-deriv
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218 Nucleotides as Regulators of Ce
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220 M 1through M 5muscarinic recept
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222 difficult to observe with admin
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224 The difficulty in developing su
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226 neurotransmitter release, the p
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228 parasympathetic postganglionic
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230 sympathetic cholinergic fibers,
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Table 9-3Muscarinic Receptor Antago
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234 efficient, resulting in the del
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236 Chapple C, Khullar V, Gabriel Z
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240 In the 1950s, a series of aroma
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242 tertiary amine physostigmine ex
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Table 10-1Chemical Classification o
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246 The sites of action of anti- Ch
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248 tolerance reassessments, and re
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250 animals after long- term exposu
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252 When the diagnosis of myastheni
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254 Gallo MA, Lawryk NJ. Organic ph
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256 the inhibitory amino acids (γ-
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258 abundance in muscle, along with
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260 and the remainder of the muscle
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262SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYmyeli
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Table 11-2Classification of Neuromu
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266 Preventing Trauma During Electr
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268 reduced renal function (pancuro
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270 that are selective for M 1musca
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272 and its metabolites are elimina
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274 gastric emptying. Although the
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276 Volle RL. Nicotinic ganglion-st
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278Adrenergic AgonistsDirect-acting
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280SECTION IITable 12-1Chemical Str
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282 when both types of receptors ar
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284 falls (epinephrine reversal). A
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286 increase of 20-30% in oxygen co
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288 Therapeutic Uses and Status. NE
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290 may occur, particularly in pati
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292HONOHHNH 3 COCOOHNHC(CH 3 ) 3HOH
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294 agonist that has twice the pote
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296 these receptors is high, althou
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298 CNS. Amphetamine is one of the
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300 treatment of attention-deficit/
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302 syndrome and idiopathic autonom
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304 transient or may respond to adj
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306Alkylating agentCH 3OCH 2 CHNCH
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308 Syncopal episodes also have occ
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310 ingestion of tyramine-containin
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312OOOOHHNOOHHNOBISOPROLOLBETAXOLOL
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314 Billman, 2000; Brodde and Miche
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316 The β receptors mediate activa
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318 treatment for patients with all
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320 for an individual patient shoul
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322SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYTable
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324SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYTable
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326 nadolol is its relatively long
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328 or membrane-stabilizing activit
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330 and possibly papaverine-like re
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332 Gupta S, Wright HM. Nebivolol:
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336SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYNH 2N
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Table 13-1Serotonin Receptor Subtyp
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340SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGY5-HT
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Table 13-3Some Actions of 5-HT in t
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344 suppressant in the management o
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346HNHNSECTION IICH 2H 3 CNHSO 2 CH
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Table 13-6Natural and Semisynthetic
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350 mCPP, an active metabolite of t
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352 Oby AADC, the same enzyme that
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354ND1 receptor familyD2 receptor f
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356SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYMesoc
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358 receptor agonist and a weak D 1
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360 Delgado PL, Charney DS, Price L
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364 system and integrate somatic an
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366 from the bloodstream into the b
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368A Ion channels α 1 subunits for
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Table 14-1Subtypes of Ca 2+ Channel
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372SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYselec
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374Presynapticneuron11 107Neurotran
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376SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYParav
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(including penicillin and pentylene
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380 (NMDA) receptors and non- NMDA
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Table 14-4Subtypes of Muscarinic Re
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384 thence to adenylyl cyclase. α
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386HistamineNH 2HNNSECTION IIH 1 H
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388β-LPHSignal peptideJP ACTH γ-L
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390 Oglutamate (NMDA)-mediated neur
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392 (e.g., ethanol) can exert relat
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394 Bleich S, Romer K, Wiltfang J,
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398 disease, especially myocardial
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400SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYTable
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402Table 15-1Antidepressants: Chemi
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404SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYanoth
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406SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYTable
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408 antipsychotics are synergistic
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410MAO to monoaminergic nerve termi
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412SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYDrug
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414SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYreupt
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418 glutamate receptor. Advances in
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420SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYPRESY
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SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGY422 Schi
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424Table 16-1SECTION IINEUROPHARMAC
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426Table 16-1Chemical Structures, D
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428SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYantip
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430SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYDA re
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432SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYTable
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434SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYTable
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436 Absorption for most agents is q
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438 seen, although they are less pr
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440 health of the patient. Weight g
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442 increased risk of sudden death
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444 supporting data for certain anx
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446 treatment with both Li + and va
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448 therapeutic range (6-12 μg/mL)
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450 Li + intoxication. Li + freely
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452 Barten DM, Albright CF. Therape
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454 Mahmoud RA, Pandina GJ, Turkoz
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458 searches for agents with more s
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460 by barbiturates and volatile an
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462 a model in which benzodiazepine
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Table 17-2Major Metabolic Relations
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466SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYTable
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468SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYincid
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Table 17-4Structures, Trade Names,
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472SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYAbuse
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474SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYenzym
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476 Controversy in the management o
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478 BIBLIOGRAPHYSECTION IINEUROPHAR
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480 Twyman RE, Rogers CJ, Macdonald
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482 the existence of three main rec
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Table 18-1Actions and Selectivities
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486SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYNocis
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488 the receptor selectivity of the
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490SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGY(Sork
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492SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYPrefr
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494SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYindir
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496SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYreser
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498Table 18-2SECTION IINEUROPHARMAC
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500SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYaFigu
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502SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYreact
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504 may not do so with meperidine;
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506 The use of fentanyl and sufenta
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508 doses of 20-25 mg morphine give
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510 of psychotomimetic side effects
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512 syndrome in patients dependent
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Table 18-3Epidural or Intrathecal O
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516 significantly (Du Pen et al., 1
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Routes of Administration Available.
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question the accuracy of the diagno
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522 Burkle H, Dunbar S, Van Aken H.
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524 McIntosh M, Kane K, Parratt J.
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528 asthmaticus with halothane and
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Table 19-1Properties of Inhalationa
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532 two-pore domain channels (Patel
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534Table 19-2Pharmacological Proper
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536 suppression of the EEG (Todd et
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SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGY538 Etom
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Table 19-3Some Pharmacological Effe
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542 and side-effect profiles. Halot
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544 response to reduced blood press
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546 nonflammable and non-explosive
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548 anesthesia (Rasmussen et al., 2
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550 few side effects. However, succ
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552Table 19-4SECTION IINEUROPHARMAC
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554 effects on different organ syst
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556 potential to promote absorption
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558 CNS. Hypercarbia depresses the
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560 of other gases, resulting in a
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562 Grounds RM, Maxwell DL, Taylor
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564 Taylor DR, Pijnenburg MW, Smith
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566H 3 CO O CH 3C NOOC O H 2 NC OC
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568Aβ 1 subunitα subunitNI II III
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Table 20-1Susceptibility to Block T
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572 such as methylparaben that may
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574 complicates evaluation of the n
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576 amount of cream that can be app
- Page 627 and 628:
578 successful application of spina
- Page 629 and 630:
580 intravascular injection easier
- Page 631 and 632:
582 Yarov-Yarovoy V, McPhee JC, Ids
- Page 633 and 634:
therapy. More detailed information
- Page 635 and 636:
586SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYFigur
- Page 637 and 638:
588OpenInactivatedNa + Na +vigabatr
- Page 639 and 640:
590 The cellular electrophysiologic
- Page 641 and 642:
Table 21-3Interactions of Anti-Seiz
- Page 643 and 644:
594 These effects have been observe
- Page 645 and 646:
596 Oxcarbazepine is a prodrug that
- Page 647 and 648:
598 displacement of phenytoin from
- Page 649 and 650:
600 explain lamotrigine’s actions
- Page 651 and 652:
602 Pharmacological Effects and Mec
- Page 653 and 654:
604 should not be taken lightly, be
- Page 655 and 656:
606 of women with epilepsy have bee
- Page 657 and 658:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 659 and 660:
610 excitotoxic injury, regional va
- Page 661 and 662:
612SECTION IIPRESYNAPTIC TERMINALDi
- Page 663 and 664:
Treatment of Parkinson DiseaseCommo
- Page 665 and 666:
616 Levodopa therapy can have a dra
- Page 667 and 668:
618 of levodopa/carbidopa. The acti
- Page 669 and 670:
620 year to AD (Petersen et al., 20
- Page 671 and 672:
622 potentially vagotonic propertie
- Page 673 and 674:
624 designated IT15. It encodes a p
- Page 675 and 676:
626Extrafusalmuscle fibersUppermoto
- Page 677 and 678:
628 therapy for advanced Parkinson
- Page 679 and 680:
630 (the “proof” of an alcoholi
- Page 681 and 682:
632 methanol is taken along with et
- Page 683 and 684:
634 2006). Acutely, ethanol results
- Page 685 and 686:
636 atherogenesis (Chapter 31). Ano
- Page 687 and 688:
638 pancreatitis has been known to
- Page 689 and 690:
640 may occur with patients who app
- Page 691 and 692:
642 termed fetal alcohol effects (F
- Page 693 and 694:
644 metabolites of the drug, especi
- Page 695 and 696:
646 Lemoine P, Harousseau H, Bortey
- Page 697 and 698:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 699 and 700:
650 an addiction. These variables c
- Page 701 and 702:
652 paucity of other options for pl
- Page 703 and 704:
654 Withdrawal signs and symptoms o
- Page 705 and 706:
656SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYA sig
- Page 707 and 708:
658SECTION IINEUROPHARMACOLOGYTable
- Page 709 and 710:
660 crosses the blood-brain barrier
- Page 711 and 712:
662 high school students has declin
- Page 713 and 714:
664 developed and tested in control
- Page 715 and 716:
666 demonstrated in humans, the cer
- Page 717 and 718:
668 Mason BJ. Acamprosate and naltr
- Page 719 and 720:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 721 and 722:
672Glomerulus1111210139(Outer Strip
- Page 723 and 724:
674CCCCCCCCCCCCCBB1convectivesolute
- Page 725 and 726:
676 7. As water and solutes accumul
- Page 727 and 728:
Table 25-1Excretory and Renal Hemod
- Page 729 and 730:
680 However, even with a high degre
- Page 731 and 732:
682 Effects on Urinary Excretion. O
- Page 733 and 734:
684SECTION IIIMODULATION OF CARDIOV
- Page 735 and 736:
686 cardiac arrhythmias, particular
- Page 737 and 738:
Table 25-5Inhibitors of Na + -Cl -
- Page 739 and 740:
Thiazide diuretics decrease blood p
- Page 741 and 742:
692 Pentamidine and high-dose trime
- Page 743 and 744:
694ALATE DISTAL TUBULEAND COLLECTIN
- Page 745 and 746:
696 channels are expressed in IMCD.
- Page 747 and 748:
6981DIURETICSNa+ExcretionRateMABPMA
- Page 749 and 750:
700ChronicrenalfailureNephroticsynd
- Page 751 and 752:
702SECTION IIIMODULATION OF CARDIOV
- Page 753 and 754:
704SECTION IIIMODULATION OF CARDIOV
- Page 755 and 756:
706AVPAVPV 2β γα sAdenylylCyclas
- Page 757 and 758:
708 antidiuretic response to vasopr
- Page 759 and 760:
710 antidiuretic activity without i
- Page 761 and 762:
712SECTION IIIMODULATION OF CARDIOV
- Page 763 and 764:
714 Mild facial flushing and headac
- Page 765 and 766:
Table 25-9Vasopressin Receptor Anta
- Page 767 and 768:
718 Franse LV, Pahor M, Di Bari M,
- Page 769 and 770:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 771 and 772:
722Angiotensinogen43 a.a. propeptid
- Page 773 and 774:
724AGTAng I43 amino acidpropeptideA
- Page 775 and 776:
726 in the locus p11.4 of the X chr
- Page 777 and 778:
728 state, AngII may increase, decr
- Page 779 and 780:
730 Normally, GFR is slightly reduc
- Page 781 and 782:
732SECTION IIIMODULATION OF CARDIOV
- Page 783 and 784:
734 metabolite, moexiprilat. Moexip
- Page 785 and 786:
736 effective. Once ACE inhibitors
- Page 787 and 788:
738 • ACE inhibitors may increase
- Page 789 and 790:
(75-300 mg) reductions in blood pre
- Page 791 and 792:
742 (LIFE): A randomized trial agai
- Page 793 and 794:
744 Wallukat G, Homuth V, Fischer T
- Page 795 and 796:
746Agents decreasing O 2 demandβ A
- Page 797 and 798:
Table 27-1Organic Nitrates Availabl
- Page 799 and 800:
750 consumption. An additional bene
- Page 801 and 802:
752 angina when a nitrate-free inte
- Page 803 and 804:
754 Transmucosal or Buccal Nitrogly
- Page 805 and 806:
Table 27-2Ca 2+ Channel Blockers: C
- Page 807 and 808:
758 increased modestly. After oral
- Page 809 and 810:
760 Exertional Angina. Ca 2+ channe
- Page 811 and 812:
Table 27-3Recommended Drug Therapy
- Page 813 and 814:
764 a Ca 2+ channel blocker may pro
- Page 815 and 816:
766 Hypertension is defined convent
- Page 817 and 818:
Table 27-6Hemodynamic Effects of Lo
- Page 819 and 820:
770 refractory to drugs that block
- Page 821 and 822:
772 promotes endothelial cell depen
- Page 823 and 824:
774 Methyldopa (α-methyl-3,4-dihyd
- Page 825 and 826:
776 result of the lack of sympathet
- Page 827 and 828:
778 normal renal function. However,
- Page 829 and 830:
780 expression of hypoxia-inducible
- Page 831 and 832:
782 ameliorated by a β receptor an
- Page 833 and 834:
784 Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet m
- Page 835 and 836:
786 Chaitman BR, Pepine CJ, Parker
- Page 837 and 838:
788 Pedersen ME, Cockcroft JR. What
- Page 839 and 840:
790 Congestive heart failure is the
- Page 841 and 842:
792NormalCongestivesymptomsototoxic
- Page 843 and 844:
794sympatheticstimulationBradykinin
- Page 845 and 846:
796SECTION IIIMODULATION OF CARDIOV
- Page 847 and 848:
798 counterproductive in symptomati
- Page 849 and 850:
800 CHF and may represent one mecha
- Page 851 and 852:
802 Mechanism of the Positive Inotr
- Page 853 and 854:
804 recognition of digoxin toxicity
- Page 855 and 856:
806Pressure (mm Hg)ESPVREDPVR(diast
- Page 857 and 858:
808 acid level reduction (over 24 w
- Page 859 and 860:
810 and management of end- stage CH
- Page 861 and 862:
SECTION IIIMODULATION OF CARDIOVASC
- Page 863 and 864:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 865 and 866:
816Na +0 mV -90 mV4 mM 150 mM0 mV -
- Page 867 and 868:
818SA nodeAtriumAV nodePurkinje fib
- Page 869 and 870:
820 MECHANISMS OF CARDIACARRHYTHMIA
- Page 871 and 872:
822ADAD1accessorypathway2BEADSECTIO
- Page 873 and 874:
Table 29-2A Mechanistic Approach to
- Page 875 and 876:
826ABDecreasedphase 4slopeIncreased
- Page 877 and 878:
828 better characterized in a range
- Page 879 and 880:
830 nodal function permits a greate
- Page 881 and 882:
832 many arrhythmias than other β
- Page 883 and 884:
834 ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC DRUGSSECTION II
- Page 886:
Table 29-5Pharmacokinetic Character
- Page 889 and 890:
838 Pharmacologic Effects. Digitali
- Page 891 and 892:
840 atrial fibrillation. However, d
- Page 893 and 894:
842 fall. To avoid this distributio
- Page 895 and 896:
844SECTION IIIMODULATION OF CARDIOV
- Page 897 and 898:
846 initially tolerating antiarrhyt
- Page 899 and 900:
848 Stewart RB, Bardy GH, Greene HL
- Page 901 and 902:
850Endothelial cellsPlatelets+COX-1
- Page 903 and 904:
852 formation of a superimposed thr
- Page 905 and 906:
About 10-15 glycosaminoglycan chain
- Page 907 and 908:
856AUnfractionedheparinFactorXaPent
- Page 909 and 910:
858 For therapeutic purposes, hepar
- Page 911 and 912:
860 Bivalirudin contains the sequen
- Page 913 and 914:
862 with the functional level of pr
- Page 915 and 916:
864 inhibits platelet function. Eld
- Page 917 and 918:
866 Dabigatran etexilate is approve
- Page 919 and 920:
868 indications as aminocaproic aci
- Page 921 and 922:
870 for clopidogrel are to reduce t
- Page 923 and 924:
872 approved, ticagrelor is the fir
- Page 925 and 926:
874 has received anticoagulant or a
- Page 927 and 928:
876 Varmus H, eds. The Molecular Ba
- Page 929 and 930:
878 to as “small, dense LDL”) (
- Page 932:
880SECTION IIIMODULATION OF CARDIOV
- Page 935 and 936:
882 increasing triglyceride- and ch
- Page 937 and 938:
884 Tangier disease, a genetic diso
- Page 939 and 940:
Table 31-3Treatment Based on LDL-C
- Page 941 and 942:
Table 31-6Assessing 10-Year Risk of
- Page 943 and 944:
890SECTION IIIMODULATION OF CARDIOV
- Page 945 and 946:
Treatment of HypertriglyceridemiaTh
- Page 947 and 948:
894 Figure 31-2 along with the reac
- Page 949 and 950:
896 Due to extensive first-pass hep
- Page 951 and 952:
898 unless the patient also is taki
- Page 953 and 954:
900 Niacin is a water-soluble B-com
- Page 955 and 956:
902 Mechanism of Action. Despite ex
- Page 957 and 958:
904 diminished remnant cholesterol
- Page 959 and 960:
906 D’Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, P
- Page 961 and 962:
908 Prueksaritanont T, Tang C, Qiu
- Page 963 and 964:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 965 and 966:
912 antagonists has yet emerged as
- Page 967 and 968:
914 Regulation of Mediator Release.
- Page 969 and 970:
916 of H receptor subtypes on neigh
- Page 971 and 972:
918 by H 2blockade. In asthmatic su
- Page 973 and 974:
920 et al., 2002). Thus, the develo
- Page 975 and 976:
Table 32-2Preparations and Dosage o
- Page 977 and 978:
924 Ethylenediamines (Prototype: Py
- Page 979 and 980:
926 Caution should be used in treat
- Page 981 and 982:
Table 32-3Structure of Kinin Agonis
- Page 983 and 984:
930Aminopeptidase PKininase I(Carbo
- Page 985 and 986:
932 thrombin generation following c
- Page 987 and 988:
934 Leeb-Lundberg LM, Marceau F, Mu
- Page 989 and 990:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 991 and 992:
938SECTION IVINFLAMMATION, IMMUNOMO
- Page 993 and 994:
940SECTION IVINFLAMMATION, IMMUNOMO
- Page 995 and 996:
942 cytoprotective PGs in the GI tr
- Page 997 and 998:
of the TP (α and β), FP (A and B)
- Page 999 and 1000:
946 receptors have limited distribu
- Page 1001 and 1002:
948 dysfunctional ROMK2, also is kn
- Page 1003 and 1004:
950 inflammation by increasing endo
- Page 1005 and 1006:
952 ligands such as oxidized lipids
- Page 1007 and 1008:
954 Physiological and Pathological
- Page 1009 and 1010:
956 FitzGerald GA. Mechanisms of pl
- Page 1011 and 1012:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1013 and 1014:
960 face of environmental pathogens
- Page 1015 and 1016:
962 endogenous pyrogens. The initia
- Page 1017 and 1018:
964 COX-2, and thus COX-2-mediated
- Page 1019:
966SECTION IVINFLAMMATION, IMMUNOMO
- Page 1023:
968SECTION IVINFLAMMATION, IMMUNOMO
- Page 1027:
970SECTION IVTable 34-1Classificati
- Page 1030 and 1031:
972 However, low-dose aspirin is no
- Page 1032 and 1033:
974 warfarin (12-fold), glucocortic
- Page 1034 and 1035:
976 implicated in Reye’s syndrome
- Page 1036 and 1037:
978 capillary permeability during i
- Page 1038 and 1039:
980 after initiation of therapy is
- Page 1040 and 1041:
982 result of three processes. Firs
- Page 1042 and 1043:
984 Management of Acetaminophen Ove
- Page 1044 and 1045:
986 Adverse Effects. Etodolac appea
- Page 1046 and 1047:
988SECTION IVINFLAMMATION, IMMUNOMO
- Page 1048 and 1049:
990 After absorption, piroxicam is
- Page 1050 and 1051:
992 attributable to COX-2-selective
- Page 1052 and 1053:
Table 34-3Disease-Modifying Anti-Rh
- Page 1054 and 1055:
996 year, and 0.6 mg two or three t
- Page 1056 and 1057:
998 complex with both the reduced a
- Page 1058 and 1059:
1000 refractory to other drugs used
- Page 1060 and 1061:
1002 Davies NM, Anderson KE. Clinic
- Page 1062 and 1063:
1004 Solomon SD, McMurray JJ, Pfeff
- Page 1064 and 1065:
1006 the induction and maintenance
- Page 1066 and 1067:
1008 other immunosuppressive agents
- Page 1068 and 1069:
1010TCRSECTION IVINFLAMMATION, IMMU
- Page 1070 and 1071:
1012 gout, increased P-glycoprotein
- Page 1072 and 1073:
1014 common), and/or anemia (uncomm
- Page 1074 and 1075:
1016 have overcome the problems of
- Page 1076 and 1077:
1018 cyclosporine and prednisone. I
- Page 1078 and 1079:
1020 trials. Because they remain ex
- Page 1080 and 1081:
1022 with erythema nodosum leprosum
- Page 1082 and 1083:
Table 35-2Selected Immune Globulin
- Page 1084 and 1085:
agent that ameliorates auto-immune
- Page 1086 and 1087:
1028 Eisen HJ, Tuzcu EM, Dorent R,
- Page 1088 and 1089:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1090 and 1091:
1032AllergenDendritic cellMast cell
- Page 1092 and 1093:
1034 ROUTES OF DRUG DELIVERYTO THE
- Page 1094 and 1095:
1036NOREPINEPHRINEHO CH CH 2 NH 2HO
- Page 1096 and 1097:
1038 the treatment of asthma due to
- Page 1098 and 1099:
1040 a marked increase in the risk
- Page 1100 and 1101:
1042SECTION IVINFLAMMATION, IMMUNOM
- Page 1102 and 1103:
1044 is the first drug to demonstra
- Page 1104 and 1105:
1046 including glycopyrrolate and a
- Page 1106 and 1107:
1048Inflammatory stimulie.g. IL-1β
- Page 1108 and 1109:
1050 Routes of Administration and D
- Page 1110 and 1111:
1052 lung function than if treatmen
- Page 1112 and 1113:
1054 were not on concomitant cortic
- Page 1114 and 1115:
1056 IL-4 and IL-13, which determin
- Page 1116 and 1117:
1058 (Dicpinigaitis, 2009a). It can
- Page 1118 and 1119:
1060AEndothelial factors influencin
- Page 1120 and 1121:
1062 Clark AR. MAP kinase phosphata
- Page 1122 and 1123:
1064 Nathani N, Little MA, Kunst H,
- Page 1124 and 1125:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1126 and 1127:
1068 Individual growth factors then
- Page 1128 and 1129:
Table 37-1Hematopoietic Growth Fact
- Page 1130 and 1131:
1072 estimated as ~17% based on a m
- Page 1132 and 1133:
1074 reduced without a change in lo
- Page 1134 and 1135:
1076 and many other organs. In both
- Page 1136 and 1137:
1078 (IRP1 and IRP2). Double knocko
- Page 1138 and 1139:
1080SECTION IVINFLAMMATION. IMMUNOM
- Page 1140 and 1141:
1082 limits the entry of iron into
- Page 1142 and 1143:
1084 follows usual oral doses. Comm
- Page 1144 and 1145:
SECTION IVINFLAMMATION. IMMUNOMODUL
- Page 1146 and 1147:
1088 methyl group to cobalamin is e
- Page 1148 and 1149:
1090 intracellular storage proteins
- Page 1150 and 1151:
1092 neurological signs or symptoms
- Page 1152 and 1153:
1094 DIETLiverdisease and for venou
- Page 1154 and 1155:
1096 seventh days; the reticulocyte
- Page 1156 and 1157:
1098 Hoffbrand AV, Herbert V. Nutri
- Page 1158 and 1159:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1160 and 1161:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1162 and 1163:
disorders. Chapters 38 through 44 d
- Page 1164 and 1165:
Table 38-2Properties of the Protein
- Page 1166 and 1167:
1108SECTION VHORMONES AND HORMONE A
- Page 1168 and 1169:
1110AGHBGHGHPegvisomantGHRGHRGHRGHR
- Page 1170 and 1171:
1112 Clinical Manifestations of Gro
- Page 1172 and 1173:
1114 provides a highly effective al
- Page 1174 and 1175:
1116 ZORBTIVE); somatrem refers to
- Page 1176 and 1177:
1118SECTION VHORMONES AND HORMONE A
- Page 1179 and 1180:
1120 Gonadotropin production also i
- Page 1181 and 1182:
1122 to therapeutic advantage in a
- Page 1183 and 1184:
1124 detect the presence of an ecto
- Page 1185 and 1186:
1126 CLINICAL SUMMARYSECTION VHORMO
- Page 1187 and 1188:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1189 and 1190:
1130 important role in energy metab
- Page 1191 and 1192:
1132BasolateralmembraneApicalmembra
- Page 1193 and 1194:
Table 39-1Properties of Iodothyroni
- Page 1195 and 1196:
1136SECTION VHORMONES AND HORMONE A
- Page 1197 and 1198:
1138 whereas dairy products and fis
- Page 1199 and 1200:
1140 it is the effects of unligande
- Page 1201 and 1202:
1142 types of thyroid dysfunction,
- Page 1203 and 1204:
1144 Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Su
- Page 1205 and 1206:
1146 of patients and hence have lit
- Page 1207 and 1208:
1148 have weak anti-thyroid action
- Page 1209 and 1210:
1150 then the lower maintenance dos
- Page 1211 and 1212:
1152 cigarette smoking has been rep
- Page 1213 and 1214:
1154 Untoward Reactions. Occasional
- Page 1215 and 1216:
1156 when prolonged treatment with
- Page 1217 and 1218:
1158 Bartalena L, Marcocci C, Tanda
- Page 1219 and 1220:
1160 combination of methimazole and
- Page 1221 and 1222:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1223 and 1224:
1164SECTION VHORMONES AND HORMONE A
- Page 1225 and 1226:
1166 Estrogens appear to play impor
- Page 1227 and 1228:
1168AFOLLICULAR PHASELUTEAL PHASEBF
- Page 1229 and 1230:
1170 Estrogens have positive effect
- Page 1231 and 1232:
1172AERERTATAAAgonistEEGGTCAnnnTGAC
- Page 1233 and 1234:
1174 FEMRING) may be used for slow
- Page 1235 and 1236:
1176 population continues to age. O
- Page 1237 and 1238:
1178 Tamoxifen is a triphenylethyle
- Page 1239 and 1240:
1180 increase the risk of ovarian c
- Page 1241 and 1242:
1182 with the fetal adrenal glands,
- Page 1243 and 1244:
1184 Therapeutic UsesThe two most f
- Page 1245 and 1246:
1186 capacity to supply food, energ
- Page 1247 and 1248:
1188 events in women without other
- Page 1249 and 1250:
1190 is discontinued. These agents
- Page 1251 and 1252:
1192 Grumbach MM, Auchus RJ. Estrog
- Page 1253 and 1254:
1194 Van Den Bemd GJ, Kuiper GG, Po
- Page 1255 and 1256:
119621H 3 C 20H 3 C1711CH 3side cha
- Page 1257 and 1258:
1198 (Gln) 20 (Pro) 8 (Gly) 23 arom
- Page 1259 and 1260:
1200 After Completion of Puberty. W
- Page 1261 and 1262:
1202 ATestosterone Enanthateenjoyed
- Page 1263 and 1264:
1204 Side Effects. All androgens su
- Page 1265 and 1266:
1206 to dihydrotestosterone, which
- Page 1267 and 1268:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1269 and 1270:
1210 the role of the hypothalamus i
- Page 1271 and 1272:
1212CYP11A1HOH 3 CH 3 CH 3 C11C8B19
- Page 1273 and 1274:
1214 G q-PLC-IP 3-Ca 2+ pathway to
- Page 1275 and 1276:
of corticosteroids—one of the maj
- Page 1277 and 1278:
1218 to the nucleus. There, it inte
- Page 1279 and 1280:
1220 effect of other agents, such a
- Page 1281 and 1282:
suppression of inflammation is of e
- Page 1283 and 1284:
1224 (e.g., corticosterone) have ap
- Page 1285 and 1286:
Table 42-4Available Preparations of
- Page 1287 and 1288:
1228 and error and must be the lowe
- Page 1289 and 1290:
1230 mineralocorticoid used is flud
- Page 1291 and 1292:
1232 Ocular Diseases. Ocular pharma
- Page 1293 and 1294:
1234 and 11-deoxycortisol are measu
- Page 1295 and 1296:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1297 and 1298:
1238A Fasting state B Prandial stat
- Page 1299 and 1300:
1240 interplay of various nutrients
- Page 1301 and 1302:
1242SECTION VInsulinreceptorαβY-S
- Page 1303 and 1304:
Table 43-2Different Forms of Diabet
- Page 1305 and 1306:
1246 fasting. Beyond the defect in
- Page 1307 and 1308:
1248 Therapy of DiabetesSECTION VHO
- Page 1309 and 1310:
Commercial preparations of insulin
- Page 1311 and 1312:
1252 which stabilizes the insulin h
- Page 1313 and 1314:
1254 new cases of pediatric diabete
- Page 1315 and 1316:
Table 43-7Structural Formulas of th
- Page 1317 and 1318:
Nateglinide is metabolized primaril
- Page 1319 and 1320:
1260 and their specific role in the
- Page 1321 and 1322:
1262ProglucagonGRPP Glucagon IP-1 G
- Page 1323 and 1324:
1264 DPP-4 InhibitorsMechanism of A
- Page 1325 and 1326:
1266SECTION VHORMONES AND HORMONE A
- Page 1327:
1268SECTION VHORMONES AND HORMONE A
- Page 1331 and 1332:
1270 system that prevents acute hyp
- Page 1333 and 1334:
1272 Concannon P, Rich SS, Nepom GT
- Page 1335 and 1336:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1337 and 1338:
12761092.5Intestine:800 mg intakeBo
- Page 1339 and 1340:
1278 removed by extrarenal mechanis
- Page 1341 and 1342:
1280 response to positive or negati
- Page 1343 and 1344:
1282SECTION VHORMONES AND HORMONE A
- Page 1345 and 1346:
1284Calcitonin/katacalcin/CGRPgene5
- Page 1347 and 1348:
1286Bone lining cellsBoneOsteoclast
- Page 1349 and 1350:
1288 25-hydroxy- and 1,25-dihydroxy
- Page 1351 and 1352:
1290 deposition in bone, once a cau
- Page 1353 and 1354:
1292OHSECTION VHOOH1OHD 3alphacalci
- Page 1355 and 1356:
1294 uses of vitamin D are discover
- Page 1357 and 1358:
1296 has been supplanted largely by
- Page 1359 and 1360:
1298 cinacalcet improves outcomes s
- Page 1361 and 1362:
1300 cancer, and coronary events (c
- Page 1363 and 1364:
1302 enamel. Osteosclerosis is char
- Page 1365 and 1366:
1304 Greenspan SL, Bone HG, Ettinge
- Page 1367 and 1368:
1306 Van Cromphaut SJ, Dewerchin M,
- Page 1369 and 1370:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1371 and 1372:
1310GastrinMuscarinicantagonistsSEC
- Page 1373 and 1374:
1312 • enteric-coated granules su
- Page 1375 and 1376:
1314 within 1-3 hours. Absorption m
- Page 1377 and 1378:
Table 45-2Composition and Acid Neut
- Page 1379 and 1380:
1318Severity of GERDStage ISporadic
- Page 1381 and 1382:
1320 that H. pylori plays a major e
- Page 1383 and 1384:
1322 Norgard NB, Mathews KD, Wall G
- Page 1385 and 1386:
1324ORAL4ANALLM26135+ + - - -7MPCMS
- Page 1387 and 1388:
1326 Metoclopramide is available in
- Page 1389 and 1390:
1328 undigested food into the small
- Page 1391 and 1392:
The terms laxatives, cathartics, pu
- Page 1393 and 1394:
1332SECTION VIDRUGS AFFECTING GASTR
- Page 1395 and 1396:
1334 have been used as laxatives. A
- Page 1397 and 1398:
1336 sodium bicarbonate and potassi
- Page 1399 and 1400:
1338 Loperamide N-oxide, an investi
- Page 1401 and 1402:
1340 involvement in sensitization o
- Page 1403 and 1404:
HIGHERCENTERSMemory, fear,dread, an
- Page 1405 and 1406:
1344 AntihistaminesTable 46-7SECTIO
- Page 1407 and 1408:
1346 component of nausea and vomiti
- Page 1409 and 1410:
1348 options. For patients with gas
- Page 1411 and 1412:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1413:
1352SECTION VIDRUGS AFFECTING GASTR
- Page 1416 and 1417:
1354 mediated inflammatory processe
- Page 1418 and 1419:
1356 rapid acetylators have lower s
- Page 1420 and 1421:
1358 liver function tests also may
- Page 1422 and 1423:
1360 for the treatment of Crohn’s
- Page 1424 and 1425:
1362 Prantera C, Cottone M, Pallone
- Page 1426 and 1427:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1428 and 1429:
1366SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1430 and 1431:
1368Absorption compartment (p)SECTI
- Page 1432 and 1433:
1370SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1434 and 1435:
1372 Third, optimal microbial kill
- Page 1436 and 1437:
1374 colonization or infection by a
- Page 1438 and 1439:
1376 penicillin that resistance dev
- Page 1440 and 1441:
1378 or by subsequent transfers to
- Page 1442 and 1443:
1380 Lewis K. Riddle of biofilm res
- Page 1444 and 1445:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1446 and 1447:
1384 hepatocyte infection as a dorm
- Page 1448 and 1449:
Table 49-1Malarial Parasite Develop
- Page 1450 and 1451:
Table 49-2Regimens for the Preventi
- Page 1453:
1390SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1457:
1392SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1461:
1394SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1464 and 1465:
1396 site. Both artesunate and arte
- Page 1466 and 1467:
1398 recent study reported an incre
- Page 1468 and 1469:
1400 The 2,4-diaminopyrimidines mor
- Page 1470 and 1471:
1402 chloroquine and pyrimethamine-
- Page 1472 and 1473:
1404 By studying the progeny of a g
- Page 1474 and 1475:
1406 Chemistry. Cinchona contains a
- Page 1476 and 1477:
1408 MefloquineSECTION VIICHEMOTHER
- Page 1478 and 1479:
1410 Therapeutic or higher doses of
- Page 1480 and 1481:
In general, dosing should be starte
- Page 1482 and 1483:
1414 For clinical classification of
- Page 1484 and 1485:
1416 Bray PG, Ward SA, O’Neill PM
- Page 1486 and 1487:
1418 Valderramos SG, Fidock DA. Tra
- Page 1488 and 1489:
1420 The organisms can be different
- Page 1490 and 1491:
1422 African (Gambian), caused by T
- Page 1492 and 1493:
1424 Isospora belli, a coccidian pa
- Page 1494 and 1495:
1426 nifurtimox used in combination
- Page 1496 and 1497:
1428 encephalopathy (the treatment-
- Page 1498 and 1499:
1430 elapse between courses. In suc
- Page 1500 and 1501:
1432 T. brucei and can be curative
- Page 1502 and 1503:
1434 whereas children have been tre
- Page 1504 and 1505:
1436 2006), where lipid-based ampho
- Page 1506 and 1507:
1438 stomatitis, chills, abdominal
- Page 1508 and 1509:
1440 surveillance study in HIV-infe
- Page 1510 and 1511:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1512 and 1513:
1444SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1514 and 1515:
1446 hyperinfection. Ivermectin is
- Page 1516 and 1517:
1448 Diphyllobothrium latum. Diphyl
- Page 1518 and 1519:
1450SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1520 and 1521:
1452 with combination therapy for 4
- Page 1522 and 1523:
1454 (Addiss and Dreyer, 2000). Exp
- Page 1524 and 1525:
1456 ivermectin (Molyneux et al., 2
- Page 1526 and 1527:
1458 bioavailability of praziquante
- Page 1528 and 1529:
1460 Dull HB, Meredith SE. The Mect
- Page 1530 and 1531:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1532 and 1533:
1464SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1534 and 1535:
1466 readily than the free fraction
- Page 1536 and 1537:
1468 Aplastic Anemia. Complete supp
- Page 1538 and 1539:
1470 anti-Pneumocystis therapy in p
- Page 1540 and 1541:
1472 DNA via an ATP-dependent react
- Page 1542 and 1543:
1474 were also receiving theophylli
- Page 1544 and 1545:
1476 Centers for Disease Control an
- Page 1546 and 1547:
1478 was that of a policeman who wa
- Page 1548 and 1549:
1480AGram positiveGram negativeSECT
- Page 1550 and 1551:
1482 Classification of the Penicill
- Page 1552 and 1553:
1484 1.5 million units every 8-12 h
- Page 1554 and 1555:
1486 under controlled conditions, i
- Page 1556 and 1557:
Table 53-1Chemical Structures and M
- Page 1558 and 1559:
1490 increasingly common. Enterococ
- Page 1560 and 1561:
1492 Serum sickness varies from mil
- Page 1562 and 1563:
Table 53-2Names, Structural Formula
- Page 1564 and 1565:
Table 53-3Cephalosporin Generations
- Page 1566 and 1567:
1498 microorganisms than is the par
- Page 1568 and 1569:
1500 Imipenem. Imipenem is marketed
- Page 1570 and 1571:
1502 Brown EJ. The molecular basis
- Page 1572 and 1573:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1574 and 1575:
1506ACAC IAC IIAC IIIACAC IAC IIAC
- Page 1576 and 1577:
1508SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1578 and 1579:
1510 wounds, burns, or cutaneous ul
- Page 1580 and 1581:
1512 (Knoderer et al., 2003; Rastog
- Page 1582 and 1583:
1514 of the collecting-duct epithel
- Page 1584 and 1585:
1516 vancomycin has been recommende
- Page 1586 and 1587:
1518 Prophylactic Uses. Kanamycin c
- Page 1588 and 1589:
1520 Luzzatto L, Apirion D, Schless
- Page 1590 and 1591:
Table 55-1Structural Formulas of th
- Page 1592 and 1593:
1524 Oral doses of doxycycline and
- Page 1594 and 1595:
1526 Photosensitivity. Demeclocycli
- Page 1596 and 1597:
1528 less toxic and because strains
- Page 1598 and 1599:
1530 In general, organisms are cons
- Page 1600 and 1601:
1532 failure. No dose has been esta
- Page 1602 and 1603:
1534 gastric emptying in patients w
- Page 1604 and 1605:
1536 streptogramin A, in a 30:70 ra
- Page 1606 and 1607:
1538 Indiscriminant use and overuse
- Page 1608 and 1609:
1540 Antimicrobial Activity. Vancom
- Page 1610 and 1611:
1542 because these modalities clear
- Page 1612 and 1613:
1544 dermal ulcers, the local appli
- Page 1614 and 1615:
1546 review of the published eviden
- Page 1616 and 1617:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1618 and 1619:
1550SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1620 and 1621:
1552SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1622 and 1623:
1554 Rifamycin Overdose. Rifampin o
- Page 1624 and 1625:
1556 Other products of KatG activat
- Page 1626 and 1627:
appear during the use of this drug,
- Page 1628 and 1629:
1560 ClofazimineClofazimine (LAMPRE
- Page 1630 and 1631:
1562 acid synthase II (Larsen et al
- Page 1632 and 1633:
1564 Anti-parasitic. Dapsone is als
- Page 1634 and 1635:
1566 Therapy of MAC Pulmonary Infec
- Page 1636 and 1637:
1568SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1638 and 1639:
1570 Orenstein EW, Basu S, Shah NS,
- Page 1640 and 1641:
1572SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1642 and 1643:
Table 57-2Pharmocokinetic Parameter
- Page 1644 and 1645:
1576 with cryptococcosis, but the c
- Page 1646 and 1647:
Table 57-6Some Additional Contraind
- Page 1648 and 1649:
1580 excretion accounts for >90% of
- Page 1650 and 1651:
1582 13 days. Posaconazole is appro
- Page 1652 and 1653:
1584 Metabolism and Excretion. Cata
- Page 1654 and 1655:
1586 and severe angioedema develop
- Page 1656 and 1657:
1588 Oxiconazole, Sulconazole, and
- Page 1658 and 1659:
1590 De Pauw BE, Donnelly JP. Proph
- Page 1660 and 1661:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1662 and 1663:
Table 58-1Stages of Virus Replicati
- Page 1664 and 1665:
Table 58-2Nomenclature of Antiviral
- Page 1666 and 1667:
1598HerpessimplexCytoplasmSECTION V
- Page 1668 and 1669:
1600 and adults. In children weighi
- Page 1670 and 1671:
1602 Absorption, Distribution, and
- Page 1672 and 1673:
1604 and Faulds, 1998). Inhibitory
- Page 1674 and 1675:
1606SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1676 and 1677:
1608 amantadine or rimantadine trea
- Page 1678 and 1679:
1610 without known airway disease,
- Page 1680 and 1681:
1612 Absorption, Distribution, and
- Page 1682 and 1683:
1614SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1684 and 1685:
1616 anti-HBV nucleosides show enha
- Page 1686 and 1687:
1618 ≥41% of patients, and reduct
- Page 1688 and 1689:
1620 De Clercq E. Clinical potentia
- Page 1690 and 1691:
1622 for cytomegalovirus retinitis
- Page 1692 and 1693:
1624 clade per se does not seem to
- Page 1694 and 1695:
1626 control but also complicates t
- Page 1696 and 1697:
1628 Failure of an antiretroviral r
- Page 1698:
1630SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1701 and 1702:
1632 eliminated from the body prima
- Page 1703 and 1704:
1634 accumulate in the cell, and th
- Page 1705 and 1706:
1636 Carbovir, a related guanine an
- Page 1707 and 1708:
1638 atazanavir increases the tenof
- Page 1709 and 1710:
1640 generally can be avoided by se
- Page 1711 and 1712:
Table 59-3Pharmacokinetic Propertie
- Page 1713 and 1714:
1644 effective in patients who have
- Page 1715 and 1716:
1646SECTION VIINOHNH 2 NONHOOHONHNH
- Page 1718 and 1719:
1648SECTION VIICHEMOTHERAPY OF MICR
- Page 1720 and 1721:
1650 the low doses used for this pu
- Page 1722 and 1723:
1652 diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting
- Page 1724 and 1725:
1654 In treatment-naive patients re
- Page 1726 and 1727:
1656 tipranavir/ritonavir or a comp
- Page 1728 and 1729:
1658 with an intravenous dose (Dand
- Page 1730 and 1731:
1660 In each of these settings, the
- Page 1732 and 1733:
1662 Jayasekara D, Aweeka FT, Rodri
- Page 1734 and 1735:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1736 and 1737:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1738 and 1739:
Table 60-1Alkylating AgentsNONPROPR
- Page 1740 and 1741:
Table 60-4Hormones and AntagonistsN
- Page 1742 and 1743:
1672SECTION VIIICHEMOTHERAPY OF NEO
- Page 1744 and 1745:
1674 employed in traditional cytoto
- Page 1746 and 1747:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1748 and 1749:
1678SECTION VIIICHEMOTHERAPY OF NEO
- Page 1750 and 1751:
1680SECTION VIIICHEMOTHERAPY OF NEO
- Page 1752 and 1753:
is reversible at usual doses, but o
- Page 1754 and 1755:
1684 However, adequate hydration an
- Page 1756 and 1757:
1686 fall for >1 month after discon
- Page 1758 and 1759:
1688 platinum complexes do not form
- Page 1760 and 1761:
1690 intravenously and decline ther
- Page 1762 and 1763:
1692Pteridine ringp-aminobenzoic ac
- Page 1764 and 1765:
1694 four doses, alternating with l
- Page 1766 and 1767:
1696Fluoropyrimidine AnalogsH 3 COH
- Page 1768 and 1769:
1698 Intrahepatic arterial infusion
- Page 1770 and 1771:
1700 the liposomal formulation is i
- Page 1772 and 1773:
1702 de novo purine synthesis and a
- Page 1774 and 1775:
1704 Cladribine is considered the d
- Page 1776 and 1777:
1706 throughout the cytoplasm (expl
- Page 1778 and 1779:
1708 prior to therapy is required t
- Page 1780 and 1781:
1710 1.6 months with ixabepilone pl
- Page 1782 and 1783:
1712 The recommended dosing regimen
- Page 1784 and 1785:
1714 As discussed in “Drug Resist
- Page 1786 and 1787:
1716 compromised renal function, do
- Page 1788 and 1789:
1718 basilar infiltrates on X-ray a
- Page 1790 and 1791:
1720 double-strand DNA breaks throu
- Page 1792 and 1793:
1722 is a potent radiosensitizer as
- Page 1794 and 1795:
1724 core, allowing access for tran
- Page 1796 and 1797:
1726 resistance against anticancer
- Page 1798 and 1799:
1728 reductase activity contributes
- Page 1800 and 1801:
1730 Westerhof GR, Rijnboutt S, Sch
- Page 1802 and 1803:
1732SECTION VIIICHEMOTHERAPY OF NEO
- Page 1804 and 1805:
1734 imatinib, as a competitive CYP
- Page 1806 and 1807:
1736 Mechanism of Action. Erlotinib
- Page 1808 and 1809:
1738 ErbB1 and ErbB2 and bind to an
- Page 1810 and 1811:
1740 In colon cancer patients, colo
- Page 1812 and 1813:
1742 and rapidly interconverting no
- Page 1814 and 1815:
1744OHOcellmembraneIGF1ROther TK re
- Page 1816 and 1817:
Table 62-1Monoclonal Antibodies App
- Page 1818 and 1819:
1748 from the site targeted by ritu
- Page 1820 and 1821:
1750 good performance status and no
- Page 1822 and 1823:
1752 patients with CD33-positive ac
- Page 1824 and 1825:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1826 and 1827:
1756SECTION VIIICHEMOTHERAPY OF NEO
- Page 1828 and 1829: 1758ONCH 3CH 3CH 3 O CH 3NSECTION V
- Page 1830 and 1831: 1760 Steady-state concentrations ar
- Page 1832 and 1833: 1762 administered once daily for 28
- Page 1834 and 1835: 1764SECTION VIIICHEMOTHERAPY AND TA
- Page 1837 and 1838: 1766 Available Anti-Androgens. Anti
- Page 1839 and 1840: 1768 cancer in postmenopausal women
- Page 1841 and 1842: This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1843 and 1844: This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1845 and 1846: 1774Superior oblique muscleLevator
- Page 1847 and 1848: 1776SECTION IXSPECIAL SYSTEMS PHARM
- Page 1849 and 1850: covered by an episcleral vascular c
- Page 1851 and 1852: 1780 Transcorneal and transconjunct
- Page 1853 and 1854: 1782 The more commonly reported inf
- Page 1855 and 1856: Table 64-6Antifungal Agents for Oph
- Page 1857 and 1858: Table 64-7Autonomic Drugs for Ophth
- Page 1859 and 1860: 1788 Such combinations reduce the n
- Page 1861 and 1862: 1790 subconjunctivally during the p
- Page 1863 and 1864: 1792SECTION IXSPECIAL SYSTEMS PHARM
- Page 1865 and 1866: 1794 myopia and presumed ocular his
- Page 1867 and 1868: ACH 3CH 3C 7 10 151 H 2 C 6 C CH CH
- Page 1869 and 1870: 1798 and reduce the synthesis of ot
- Page 1871 and 1872: 1800 Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery
- Page 1873 and 1874: This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1875 and 1876: 1804Shunt diffusionPermeationPenetr
- Page 1877: 1806SECTION IXSPECIAL SYSTEMS PHARM
- Page 1881 and 1882: Table 65-4Topical RetinoidsRECEPTOR
- Page 1883 and 1884: 1812SECTION IXSPECIAL SYSTEMS PHARM
- Page 1885 and 1886: Table 65-6Photochemotherapy Methods
- Page 1887 and 1888: Table 65-7Half-Life of Antihistamin
- Page 1889 and 1890: 1818SECTION IXSPECIAL SYSTEMS PHARM
- Page 1891 and 1892: 1820 CYTOTOXIC AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIV
- Page 1893 and 1894: 1822 Tacrolimus. Tacrolimus (FK506,
- Page 1895 and 1896: 1824 An initial dosage of 50 mg/day
- Page 1897 and 1898: 1826EpidermisNon-lesional skinAntig
- Page 1899 and 1900: evokes the same reaction on skin wi
- Page 1901 and 1902: 1830SECTION IXSPECIAL SYSTEMS PHARM
- Page 1903 and 1904: 1832 Repka-Ramirez MS, Baraniuk JN.
- Page 1905 and 1906: 1834SECTION IXTable 66-1One-Year Fa
- Page 1907 and 1908: Table 66-2Brand Names and Formulati
- Page 1909 and 1910: 1838 sex steroid hormones; are used
- Page 1911 and 1912: 1840 Finally, some clinicians use a
- Page 1913 and 1914: 1842SECTION IXSPECIAL SYSTEMS PHARM
- Page 1915 and 1916: 1844A.Gonadotropin (IU)757575757575
- Page 1917 and 1918: 1846 In pregnant women, the placent
- Page 1919 and 1920: 1848 Although incompletely understo
- Page 1921 and 1922: 1850 cesarean section in labor indu
- Page 1923 and 1924: 1852 Olive DL. Gonadotropin-releasi
- Page 1925 and 1926: 1854SECTION IXSPECIAL SYSTEMS PHARM
- Page 1927 and 1928: Table 67-1Examples of Important Car
- Page 1929 and 1930:
Table 67-2Chemopreventive Agents Be
- Page 1931 and 1932:
1860 Carcinogenicity. The primary c
- Page 1933 and 1934:
1862 type (ATSDR, 2007b; Levin et a
- Page 1935 and 1936:
1864BLOOD LEAD (μg/dL)Children Adu
- Page 1937 and 1938:
1866 divalent (mercuric, Hg 2+ ) an
- Page 1939 and 1940:
1868AFairbanks,AlaskaSECTION IXAleu
- Page 1941 and 1942:
1870 Skin. The skin is very sensiti
- Page 1943 and 1944:
1872 sulfate and phosphate and can
- Page 1945 and 1946:
1874 appearance of chills and fever
- Page 1947 and 1948:
1876 Absorption, Distribution, and
- Page 1949 and 1950:
1878 development of hepatocellular
- Page 1951 and 1952:
1880APPENDIX ISuperscriptionPRINCIP
- Page 1953 and 1954:
1882APPENDIX IPRINCIPLES OF PRESCRI
- Page 1955 and 1956:
1884 >750 pairs of potentially conf
- Page 1957 and 1958:
1886 if available. The USP maintain
- Page 1959 and 1960:
1888 negative impact, that the ther
- Page 1961 and 1962:
This page intentionally left blank
- Page 1963 and 1964:
1892 has been selected from the lit
- Page 1965 and 1966:
1894 To be accurate, clearances mus
- Page 1967 and 1968:
1896 sustained-release product. Ind
- Page 1969 and 1970:
1898 Because t 1/2has been the para
- Page 1972:
1900APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 1976:
1902APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 1980:
1904APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 1984:
1906APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 1988:
1908APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 1992:
1910APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 1996:
1912APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2000:
1914APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2004:
1916APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2008:
1918APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2012:
1920APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2016:
1922APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2020:
1924APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2024:
1926APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2028:
1928APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2032:
1930APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2036:
1932APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2040:
1934APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2044:
1936APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2048:
1938APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2052:
1940APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2056:
1942APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2060:
1944APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2064:
1946APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2068:
1948APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2072:
1950APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2076:
1952APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2080:
1954APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2084:
1956APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2088:
1958APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2092:
1960APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2096:
1962APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2100:
1964APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2104:
1966APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2108:
1968APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2112:
1970APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2116:
1972APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2120:
1974APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2124:
1976APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2128:
1978APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2132:
1980APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2136:
1982APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2140:
1984APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2144:
1986APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2148:
1988APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2152:
1990APPENDIX IIDESIGN AND OPTIMIZAT
- Page 2155 and 2156:
1992INDEXAcetohexamide, 1257tAcetyl
- Page 2157 and 2158:
1994INDEXAlendronate, pharmacokinet
- Page 2159 and 2160:
1996INDEXAnalgesia/analgesics (Cont
- Page 2161 and 2162:
1998INDEXAnthracyclines, 1713-1715l
- Page 2163 and 2164:
2000INDEXAntioxidants, for pulmonar
- Page 2165 and 2166:
2002INDEXAtorvastatin (Cont.):dosag
- Page 2167 and 2168:
2004INDEXBenztropine, as antidote,
- Page 2169 and 2170:
2006INDEXBortezomib (Cont.):mechani
- Page 2171 and 2172:
2008INDEXCAPOTEN (captopril), 732-7
- Page 2173 and 2174:
2010INDEXCelecoxib (Cont.):COX isof
- Page 2175 and 2176:
2012INDEXChurg-Strauss angiitis,cyc
- Page 2177 and 2178:
2014INDEXCompound 48/80, histamine
- Page 2179 and 2180:
2016INDEXCytochrome P450CYP3A4, 897
- Page 2181 and 2182:
2018INDEXDiabetes mellitus (DM) (Co
- Page 2183 and 2184:
2020INDEXDiuretics (Cont.):inhibito
- Page 2185 and 2186:
2022INDEXDYRENIUM (triamterene), 69
- Page 2187 and 2188:
2024INDEXEpidermisand cutaneous dru
- Page 2189 and 2190:
2026INDEXEtretinate (Cont.):standar
- Page 2191 and 2192:
2028INDEXFlumazenil, 468-469, 1059a
- Page 2193 and 2194:
2030INDEXGELUSIL II, 1316tGemcitabi
- Page 2195 and 2196:
2032INDEXGynecology, drug therapy i
- Page 2197 and 2198:
2034INDEXHistamine H 1receptor anta
- Page 2199 and 2200:
2036INDEXHypobetalipoproteinemia, 8
- Page 2201 and 2202:
2038INDEXInsulin (Cont.):as antidot
- Page 2203 and 2204:
2040INDEXKKallidin, 926-932, 927f[d
- Page 2205 and 2206:
2042INDEXLice, 1818-1819Lichen plan
- Page 2207 and 2208:
2044INDEXLymphoma(s), 1755drugs for
- Page 2209 and 2210:
2046INDEXMetabolism of drugs (Cont.
- Page 2211 and 2212:
2048INDEXMisuse, poisoning and, 80M
- Page 2213 and 2214:
2050INDEXMyocardial oxygen supply,p
- Page 2215 and 2216:
2052INDEXNeurotransmitters (Cont.):
- Page 2217 and 2218:
2054INDEXNorepinephrine, 287-288adv
- Page 2219 and 2220:
2056INDEXOral contraceptives (Cont.
- Page 2221 and 2222:
2058INDEXParturitioneicosanoids and
- Page 2223 and 2224:
2060INDEXPhenytoin (Cont.):hypoglyc
- Page 2225 and 2226:
2062INDEXPolymyxins, 1538-1539Polyt
- Page 2227 and 2228:
2064INDEXPropidium, 241PROPINE (epi
- Page 2229 and 2230:
2066INDEXQT interval, prologation,
- Page 2231 and 2232:
2068INDEXRenin inhibitors, direct (
- Page 2233 and 2234:
2070INDEXSalivary secretion, muscar
- Page 2235 and 2236:
2072INDEXSmooth muscleamphetamines
- Page 2237 and 2238:
2074INDEXSucralfateadverse effects
- Page 2239 and 2240:
2076INDEXTenecteplase, 866Teniposid
- Page 2241 and 2242:
2078INDEXTOLINASE (tolazamide), 125
- Page 2243 and 2244:
2080INDEXTrospium chloride, 231, 23
- Page 2245 and 2246:
2082INDEXVecuroniumcharacteristics
- Page 2247:
2084INDEXXXALATAN (latanoprost), 17
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