BREAST CYTOPATHOLOGY

46 2. Non-neoplastic and Proliferative Lesions
Figure 2.30. Lactational change. Higher magnification in the left
panel illustrates cytologically atypical, dispersed lobular cells appearing
as naked nuclei with prominent nucleoli. The background is
granular and shows occasional lipid vacuoles. Distinction from
lobular carcinoma would be extremely difficult in such cases. The
case on the right shows similar cells, but they are in more intact
lobules. (Smear, Papanicolaou.)
• Ductal or, more often, lobular carcinoma
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Gynecomastia
Male breast masses are uncommon pathologic findings.
They are rarely aspirated, resulting in limited cytopathologic
experience (male breast FNAs account for 1.4%–7.3%
of all breast FNAs). However, male breast FNA is considered
to be a highly sensitive (95.3%) and specific (100%)
diagnostic procedure. Gynecomastia is defined as male
breast enlargement caused by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia
of the ductal epithelial and stromal components.
Although the etiologic factors may vary, the condition is