National Cancer Institute - NCI Division of Cancer Treatment and ...
National Cancer Institute - NCI Division of Cancer Treatment and ... National Cancer Institute - NCI Division of Cancer Treatment and ...
est donor is matched at all six human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Matched siblings make the best donors because they also have a similar genetic background to the patient. Unfortunately, only about 25 percent of patients have a matched sibling donor. In other cases, unrelated donors from the national donor registry are often used. Using three of six HLA-mismatched relatives as donors would save considerable time searching for and verifying the donor, almost everyone would have a donor, and more patients might get to transplant. Unfortunately, the technique used to prevent rejection and graft-versus-host disease in three of six HLA-mismatched transplants also prevents reemergence of the patient’s immune system. Patients often die of invasive fungal or viral infections. Italian investigators funded by NCI developed a method to culture donor cells to remove donor anti-patient cells, thus preventing graft-versus-host disease but leaving the donors with their own antifungal and antiviral cells. In a CTEP-sponsored randomized trial, the investigators found that the immune profiles of patients who received pathogen-specific cells (compared to non-infused patients) were more robust and recovered faster. Another important aspect of this trial is that immunosuppressive drugs were not needed to prevent graft-versus-host disease. That was done by extensively depleting the donor T cells in the graft before transplant. Overall, 15 of 46, or 33 percent, were event-free survivors (patients did not relapse or die of infection) compared to 50 percent of immunotherapy-treated patients. Median follow-up was two years. The CTEP grantees who pioneered this methodology understand that in order for it to become widely adopted, it must be reproducible, economical, and practical. Studies in the United States soon will be under way to verify the results. Perruccio K, Tosti A, Burchielli E, Topini F, Ruggeri L, Carotti A, Capanni M, Urbani E, Mancusi A, Aversa F, Martelli MF, Romani L, Velardi A. Transferring functional immune responses to pathogens after haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation. Blood 2005:106;4397–406. C A N C E R T H E R A P Y E V A L U A T I O N P R O G R A M ■ 91
T O O L S , P R O D U C T S , A N D R E S O U R C E S Cancer Trials Support Unit http://www.ctsu.org The Cancer Trials Support Unit (CTSU) is designed to streamline and centralize many administrative, financial, and data collection tasks associated with clinical trials. The CTSU provides participating physicians with a single access point to NCI’s phase III clinical trials system, facilitating access to protocols, training, and educational information. Highlights of the fully developed system will include: ■ Increased physician and patient access to NCI-sponsored clinical trials ■ Streamlined and standardized trial data collection and reporting ■ Reduced regulatory/administrative burdens on investigators participating in NCI-sponsored cooperative group clinical trials (phases I–III) In addition to all cooperative group members, the CTSU is now open to physicians and institutions in the United States who are not affiliated with a cooperative group. It supports a national network of physicians participating in NCI-sponsored phase III cancer treatment trials. 92 ■ P R O G R A M A C C O M P L I S H M E N T S 2 0 0 6 Patient Information about NCI Clinical Trials Finding Clinical Trials http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/ findtrials This link provides a detailed yet simple guide entitled “How to Find a Cancer Treatment Trial,” which helps patients to: ■ Gather the information they need to search for a cancer treatment clinical trial ■ Identify a wide variety of sources that list clinical trials ■ Learn about clinical trials that are of potential benefit to them ■ Ask questions that will help them decide whether or not to participate in a particular trial Searching for NCI-Sponsored Clinical Trials http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/ This is the entry to the database for patients of NCI-sponsored clinical trials. A search form for the database is provided, and an advanced-search feature is also available. Tracking Clinical Trial Results http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/ results/ This link provides the means for monitoring progress in cancer care by providing summaries of recently released results from cancer clinical trials that may affect medical care. The summaries are listed in reverse chronological order. Navigation
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T O O L S , P R O D U C T S , A N D R E S O U R C E S<br />
<strong>Cancer</strong> Trials Support Unit<br />
http://www.ctsu.org<br />
The <strong>Cancer</strong> Trials Support Unit (CTSU) is<br />
designed to streamline <strong>and</strong> centralize<br />
many administrative, financial, <strong>and</strong> data<br />
collection tasks associated with clinical<br />
trials. The CTSU provides participating<br />
physicians with a single access point to<br />
<strong>NCI</strong>’s phase III clinical trials system, facilitating<br />
access to protocols, training, <strong>and</strong><br />
educational information. Highlights <strong>of</strong><br />
the fully developed system will include:<br />
■ Increased physician <strong>and</strong> patient access<br />
to <strong>NCI</strong>-sponsored clinical trials<br />
■ Streamlined <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ardized trial<br />
data collection <strong>and</strong> reporting<br />
■ Reduced regulatory/administrative<br />
burdens on investigators participating<br />
in <strong>NCI</strong>-sponsored cooperative group<br />
clinical trials (phases I–III)<br />
In addition to all cooperative group<br />
members, the CTSU is now open to physicians<br />
<strong>and</strong> institutions in the United States<br />
who are not affiliated with a cooperative<br />
group. It supports a national network <strong>of</strong><br />
physicians participating in <strong>NCI</strong>-sponsored<br />
phase III cancer treatment trials.<br />
92 ■ P R O G R A M A C C O M P L I S H M E N T S 2 0 0 6<br />
Patient Information about<br />
<strong>NCI</strong> Clinical Trials<br />
Finding Clinical Trials<br />
http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/<br />
findtrials<br />
This link provides a detailed yet simple<br />
guide entitled “How to Find a <strong>Cancer</strong><br />
<strong>Treatment</strong> Trial,” which helps patients to:<br />
■ Gather the information they need to<br />
search for a cancer treatment clinical<br />
trial<br />
■ Identify a wide variety <strong>of</strong> sources that<br />
list clinical trials<br />
■ Learn about clinical trials that are <strong>of</strong><br />
potential benefit to them<br />
■ Ask questions that will help them<br />
decide whether or not to participate<br />
in a particular trial<br />
Searching for <strong>NCI</strong>-Sponsored<br />
Clinical Trials<br />
http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/<br />
This is the entry to the database for<br />
patients <strong>of</strong> <strong>NCI</strong>-sponsored clinical trials. A<br />
search form for the database is provided,<br />
<strong>and</strong> an advanced-search feature is also<br />
available.<br />
Tracking Clinical Trial Results<br />
http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/<br />
results/<br />
This link provides the means for monitoring<br />
progress in cancer care by providing<br />
summaries <strong>of</strong> recently released results<br />
from cancer clinical trials that may affect<br />
medical care. The summaries are listed in<br />
reverse chronological order. Navigation
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