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eyond prototypes. The area of optical imaging and spectroscopy was chosen for the pilot effort because this technology has recently generated multiple new imaging and spectroscopic modes. The use of non-ionizing radiation offers a huge capacity to capture in vivo information on the status of tissue and cellular physiology and pathology (molecular imaging). Multiple technologies in the area are approaching or at the threshold of clinical translation. The NTROI network develops consensus processes for translational research in optical imaging, including optimizing emerging optical imaging systems, targeted or activatible probes, and methods for validation. Long-term goals of the program include development and delivery of common or similar platforms for measuring and extracting quantitative signatures from endogenous molecules or molecular probes that are cancer-specific. Use of combined signatures will improve sensitivity and specificity, particularly for early cancer detection, cancer diagnosis, treatment, and measurement of response to therapy. A Network Steering Committee (SC) of team principal investigators and key co-investigators also includes scientific observers from the Food and Drug Administration, National Science Foundation, and National Institute of Standards and Technology to encourage a more seamless and timely process for regulatory approval of optical imaging methods. Optical molecular imaging is one of the fastest growing imaging modalities for cancer research. Establishing the network during the early phase of technology development will bring the different communities together to accelerate translation toward delivery of these technologies. The request for applications (RFA) published in August 2002 yielded 17 applications, with total collaborating investigators exceeding 700, and resulted in four funded U54 Cooperative Agreements—Specialized Research Resource Centers. NCI Visuals Online, Linda Bartlett, photographer. C A N C E R I M A G I N G P R O G R A M ■ 51
Small Animal Imaging Resource Programs Contact: Barbara Y. Croft, Ph.D. 301-435-9025, bc129b@nih.gov Small animal models, particularly genetically engineered mice, are increasingly recognized as powerful discovery prototypes in cancer research. Imaging techniques are an important tool for providing data about biological processes in vivo, and they can be performed repetitively in the same animal. However, not every researcher can afford the expensive imaging equipment needed to perform in vivo studies. 52 ■ P R O G R A M A C C O M P L I S H M E N T S 2 0 0 6 NCI Visuals Online. To make imaging tools available to a greater pool of researchers, CIP created the Small Animal Imaging Resource Program (SAIRP). To increase the efficiency and synergy among basic, clinical, and translational cancer researchers, this initiative supports: ■ Multiple imaging technologies for small animals, emphasizing technologies that can provide information in vivo ■ Research and development on innovative new imaging technologies appropriate for small animals ■ Assistance with small animal anesthesia and care, and advice on the optimal use of animals in imaging experiments CIP has funded 10 SAIRPs under RFA-CA- 07-004 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/ guide/rfa-files/RFA-CA-07-004.html), which was re-released in February 2006. These small animal resources focus on different topics. For example, one SAIRP at Massachusetts General Hospital established a shared resource for the New England region, which is supporting more than 10 grants from different institutions and two local mouse model consortia. Technology development is directed towards optimizing and adapting new imaging technologies, validating new imaging approaches, and correlating structural and functional information. At Stanford University, SAIRP funding is being used to establish a shared small-animal imaging facility to enable investigators to evaluate the efficacy of combination drug therapies and novel immune cell therapies in treating various
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