Deepthi 2022

Zo]vXn 2022
bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-ß-fnse \{kmWn km∂n[yw
Imew sIm≠v Hcp \q‰m≠v am{Xw ]pd-In¬ BsW-
nepw `uXnI kml-N-cy-ß-fp-sSbpw kuI-cy-ß-fpsSbpw
Imcy-Øn¬ ]e \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]pd-In-emWv tIcf-Ønse
]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠v. Hcp ImeØv a\pjy
Pohn-X-߃ ]e Bh-iy-߃°pw th≠n _p≤n-ap-´p-
Iƒ A\p-`-hn-®n-cp-∂p. CØcw _p≤n-ap-´p-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬
\{kmWn Xß-fpsS k`m-Po-hn-X-Ønepw \nc-h[n B{ib-߃°v
hg-tß≠n h∂ kml-N-cyhpw \ne-hn¬
D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CXns‚ `mK-ambn ]e hntZi k`-I-fpsSbpw
B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-I-fmbn `mc-X-k` amdn. \nch[n
{]iv\-߃ X¬^-e-ambn k`-bn¬ D≠m-bn. `mc-
X-k` ]e k`-I-fmbn ]nf¿∂p. Hmtcm k`-bnepw \nch[n
{]iv\-ßfpw Bcw-`n-®p. Cßs\ D≠mb {]iv\-
߃ ]cn-l-cn-°p-hm≥ th≠n \{km-Wn-Iƒ kz¥w
cmPyw hn´v Xß-fpsS k`sb A°m-eØv \nb-{¥n-°p∂
k`m-X-e-h-∑m-cpsS CS-߃ tXSn cmPyw hn´v bm{X
sNtø≠n h∂ kml-N-cyhpw D≠m-bn. Cßs\ \S-
Ønb bm{X-I-fmWv ]n∂oSv bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-߃ Bbn
]pd-Øp-h-∂Xv. ae-bm-f-Ønse BZy bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-
Øn\v DS-abpw Hcp \{kmWn sshZn-I-\m-Wv. ]mtd-am-
°¬ tXmam IØ-\m¿. Ct±lw as‰mcp kpdn-bm\n
ItØm-en° ]ptcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cp∂ Icn-bm-‰n¬ aev]mt\m-sSm∏w
1778 \pw 1786 \pw CSbv°v \S-Ønb bqtdm∏v
]cy-S-\sØ A[n-I-cn-®mWv CsX-gp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \m´p-
{In-kvXym-\n-I-fpsS tbK-t£-a-Øn\v hnLm-X-ambn \n∂
{]iv\-ß-fp-tSbpw a’-cy-ß-fp-sSbpw ]cn-lm-cm¿∞w
t]m¿®p-Ko-ense A[n-Im-cn-I-tfbpw am¿∏m-∏-tbbpw
ImWp-hm≥ ]pd-s∏´ Cu aX-`-‡-∑m¿°v t\cn-tS≠n
h∂ {]Xn-_-‘-ß-fpsS hnh-c-W-hpw, B{^n-°, sXt°
Ata-cn-°, bqtdm∏v F∂o `qJ-fi-ß-fnse hnhn[ tZiß-fpsS
IuXp-I-I-chpw kPo-h-hp-amb h¿Æ-\-Ifpw
AS-ßn-b-XmWv Cu IrXn. ae-bm-f-Øn-se-∂-√, `mc-Xob
`mj-I-fn¬ Xs∂ BZy-ap-≠mb k©mc hnh-cWw
CXm-bn-cn-°m-sa∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. A®-Sn® BZy bm{Xmhn-h-c-W-Øn\v
DS-abpw Hcp \{kmWn Xs∂-bm-Wv, ]cpae
am¿ {KotKm-dn-tbm-kv. ]cp-ae Xncp-ta\n F∂ t]cn¬
Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Koh¿§okv am¿ {KotKm-dn-tbmkv sa{Xmt∏m-eoØ
1895˛¬ Xm≥ \S-Ønb sbcp-itew (Du¿t«w)
kμ¿i-\-sØ-°p-dn®v AtX h¿jw A®-Sn®p {]kn-≤o-
I-cn® IrXn-bmWv "Du¿t«w bm{Xm-hn-h-cWw'. ae-bm-f-
Øn¬ A®-Sn® BZysØ bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-{KŸw
Du¿t«w bm{Xm-hn-h-cWw BsW∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂p (ae-bm-f-Ønse
BZy bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-{K-Ÿ-amb h¿Øam-\-∏p-kvXIw
1785˛¬ Fgp-X-s∏-s´-nepw A®-Sn®p
{]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xv 1936˛¬ BWv) \{km-Wn-Iƒ Fgp-Xnb
a‰v bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-߃ NphsS tN¿°p-∂p. Cu ]´nI
]q¿Æ-am-sW∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.
• Hcp ]c-tZ-i-bm-{X-bpsS IY, ]pen-t°m-´n¬ tPmk^v
am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv c≠m-a≥, 1865
• sImf-ºn-te-°p≈ bm{Xm-hn-h-c-Ww, Imcp-Nnd Kohdp-Kokv
siΩm-i≥, 1892
• ]c-tZ-i-bm-{X, h´-t»cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkym-kv, 1908
• a¿±o≥ bm{X, h´-t»-cn¬ am¿ Zoh-∂m-tkymkv, 1923
• ioa bm{X, IS-hn¬ t]mƒ dºm≥, 1963
• tbdp-itew bm{X, sNdn-b-a-T-Øn¬ kv°dnb
aev∏m≥, 1934.
• FUn≥_tdm bm{X, Fw. kn. Ipdn-bm-t°mkv
dºm≥, 1937
• H‰-t\m-´-Øn¬, tPmk^v ap≠-t»-cn¬, 1947
• Cw•-≠n-te-°v, sI. kn. Nmt°m, 1949
• Ata-cn° kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ \mSv, Fw. kn. Nmt°m
• ISepw Icbpw Xm≠n, ]n. ‰n. tPmk^v
• Im\U ˛ `qan-bpsS [m\y∏pc, Fw. kn. Nmt°m
• Pohn-Xm-Àm-Z-Øns‚ \nd \nem-hv, H. ]n. tPmk^v
• {InkvXp-hns‚ \m´n¬ c≠m-gvN, B\n Xøn¬
• \mw Adn-tb≠ P∏m≥, sI. hn. ]utemkv
• \n\-I-S-ense ]hn-g-߃, G{_lmw tPm¿÷v
• `mc-X-{]-bm-Ww, ama≥ ^nen∏v
• {_ko-en-te°v kzmK-Xw, tXmakv h¿Kokv
• temIta Xd-hm-Sv, sdbv®¬ tXmakv
• hnip≤ \m´n¬, ^m. ‰n. sP. tPmjzm
• sh≈-°m-cpsS CS-bn¬ Idp-Ø-h-cpw, sI. hn.
]utemkv
• tkmhn-b‰v \m´n¬ ho≠pw, sI. Fw. tPm¿Pv
• Cc-´-ap-J-ap≈ \K-cw, s_\ym-an≥
BZy-Ime bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-ß-fn¬ \{km-Wn-Iƒ \S-
Ønb ]c-tZ-i-bm-{X-Iƒ an°Xpw ÿew ImWpI F∂
e£y-tØm-Sp-IqSn \S-Ønb bm{X-I-f-√. adn-®v, B
ImeØv `mc-X-k-`-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ {]iv\-߃ Xo¿∏m-
°p-hm≥ th≠n AXmXv k`-I-fpsS k`m-X-e-h-∑msc
ImWp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv CXv kmln-Xycq-t]W
A®-Sn-°-s∏-´p. B bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-߃
an°Xpw Xs∂ ae-bmf KZy kmln-Xy-Øns‚ hf¿®bn¬
CuSp‰ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ ]I¿∂-h-bm-Wv.
1. tUm. t]mƒ aW-en¬, bm{Xm-hn-h-c-߃ ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-
≠n¬, (Xr-iq¿: tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Z-an, 2015), 10 ˛ 11
76 Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Xntbm-tfm-Pn-°¬ skan-\m-cn, tIm´bw