Deepthi 2022

Ncn{Xw kºq¿W-ambn AS-ßn-bn-´p-≠v F∂v hmZn-°p-
∂-h¿ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn\pw (F-{_mb Imt\m≥) ]pXnb
\nb-a-Øn\pw CS-bn-ep≈ Ime-L-´-sØ-∏‰n (Inter - Testamental
Period) au\w ]men-bv°p-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv.
aemJn {]h-N\w {InkvXp-hn\v ap≥]v A©mw \q‰m-≠nem-Wv
Fgp-X-s∏-´-Xv. AXn\pw Hcp-\q-‰m≠v ]g-°-ap≈
Ncn-{X-]-›m-Ø-e-ap≈ Zm\n-tb¬ {]h-N\w {InkvXp-hn\v
ap≥]v c≠mw \q‰m-≠n¬ am{X-amWv cNn-bv°s∏´Xv
F∂ hkvXp-Xbpw ]ecpw a\- n-em-°m-dn-√. Npcp-°-
Øn¬ C∂v \mw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kXy-thZ ]pkvX-I-
Ønse ]gb \nb-a-Ønse C{km-tb¬ Ncn{Xw {InkvXphns‚
Ime-Øn\v sXm´p-ap≥]√ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xv
F∂ bmYm¿∞yhpw \mw Xncn-®-dnt aXn-bm-hq.
]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse BZy-{K-Ÿ-amb H∂mw sX -tem-
\nIy teJ\w {InkvXp-h¿jw 54 ¬ am{X-amWv Fgp-Xs∏-´Xv
F∂v IqSn a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ \q‰m-≠p-I-fpsS
Hcp CS-thf krjvSn-®mWv 66 {KŸ-ß-fp≈ kXy-thZ
]pkvXIw \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv F∂v a\- n-em-Ipw. C∏d
\q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ ssZh-P-\- -amb C{km-tb¬ a°ƒ
Fßs\ Pohn®p? Ah-cpsS Ncn-{Xhpw hnizm-k-hpw,
Bcm-[-\bpw F{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp∂p? F∂v XpS-ßnb tNmZy߃°p-Øcw
Is≠-Ø-W-sa-n¬ CS-°me Ncn-{X-
Ønse (Inter - Testamental Period) {KŸ-߃ ]cn-tim-
[nt® aXn-bm-hq. {KŸ cN-\-bpsS ]pjv°e Ime-am-bncp∂
CS-°m-eØv [mcmfw IrXn-Iƒ \nehn¬ h∂p.
1947 ¬ ]me-kvXo-\nse Ip{am≥ kaq-l-Øns‚ Kpl-Ifn¬
\n∂pw e`n® "Nmhp-I-S¬ Npcp-fp-Iƒ' Xs∂
G‰hpw \√ DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. alm-\mb Ae-Ivkm-≠¿
N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS ImesØ bn{km-tb¬ Ncn{Xw ]dbp∂
a°m-_n-b-cpsS ]pkvXIßfpw, Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb
tPmko-^-kns‚ (Josephus) cN-\-Ifpw Ae-Ivk-{¥ymbnse
^ntem-bpsS (Philo of Alexandria) {KŸ-ß-fpw,
[mcmfw CXc IrXn-Ifpw C°m-eØv cNn-bv°-s∏-´p.
F∂m¬ \ΩpsS N¿®-bn¬ G‰hpw {][m-\-am-bXv
F{_mb ss__n-fns‚ {Ko°p-]-cn-`m-j-bmb sk]v‰-
Pns‚ (Septnagint) ss__n-fnse ]pkvX-I-߃ Xs∂bm-Wv.
sk]v‰-Po‚ v (Septnagiant) AYhm ss{IkvXh ]g-b-
\n-baw
{Ko°p km{am-Py-Øns‚ henb kmwkvIm-cnI tI{μam-bn-cp∂
CuPn-]v‰nse Ae-Ivk-{¥ym-bnse `c-Wm-[n-
]-\m-bn-cp∂ Ptotemy II Philadelphus (285 - 247 BCE) Fgp-
]-Øn-c≠v (70 F∂v Nne¿ ]d-bp∂p) blqZ d∫n-amsc
hnfn®v F{_mb ss__n-fns‚ {Ko°v ]cn-`m-j-bp-≠m-
Ip-hm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂p; C{km-tb-ense Hmtcm tKm{X-
Øn¬ \n∂pw Bdp-t]¿ hoXw Dƒs∏´ Cu kwLw
]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Ønb ss__n-fn-s\-bmWv sk]v‰p-h-Pn‚ v
F∂v hnfn-bv°p-∂-Xv. CXn¬ tami-bpsS \ymb-{]-am-Wß-fpw,
{]h-N\ {KŸ-ß-fpw, Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-Ifpw
IqSmsX a°m-_n-b-cpsS {KŸ-ß-fpw, tXm_n-Øv, bqZn-
Øv, _mdm kodm, hn⁄m-\w, _mdq°v F∂o ]pkvX-
Zo]vXn 2022
I-߃ IqSn Dƒs∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. CXp-Iq-SmsX Zm\n-tb¬
{]h-N-\-Øn¬ aq∂v D]-hn-`m-K-߃ (kq-k∂m, t_epw
alm-k¿∏-hpw, Xo®p-f-bnse _me-∑m-cpsS {]m¿∞\
IqSn Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p. Ftÿ-dns‚ ]pkvX-I-Ønepw Nne
am‰-߃ D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂Xv IqSmsX ko¿Ø-\-
ß-fpsS ASp-°nepw hyXym-k-ap≠mbn-cp-∂p. CXmWv
BZna ss{IkvX-h¿ Xß-fpsS ]g-b-\n-b-a-ambn kzoIcn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
CXv blq-Z-ss_-_n-fn¬ \n∂pw XnI®pw
hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp-∂p. t{]m´-Â v temIsØ henb
ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄-\m-bn-cp∂ JND Kelly A`n-{]m-b-s∏-
Sp-∂-Xv k`-bpsS HutZym-KnI {KŸ-amb ss__n-fn¬
t{]m´-Â v ]g-b-\n-b-asØ°mƒ hep-∏-ta-dn-b-Xm-bncp∂p
AZn-a-k-`-bpsS ]g-b-\n-ba {KŸw F∂m-Wv.
CXn¬ CXc ˛ Imt\m-\nI {KŸ-߃ Dƒs∏´ncp-∂-
Xn\v ImcWw BZna ss{IkvX-h¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂
ss__nƒ blq-Z-∑m-cpsS F{_mb `mhn-bn-ep≈
ss__n-fm-bn-cp-∂n√; adn®v {Ko°v `mj-bn-ep≈ sk]v‰ph-Pn‚m-bn-cp-∂p.
]pXn-b-\n-b-a-{K-Ÿ-Im-c-∑m¿ D]-tbm-Kn-
®n-cn-°p∂ D≤-c-Wn-Ifpw {Ko°p-ss_-_n-fn¬ \n∂psaSp-
Ø-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cmb tdmanse hn.
¢oΩo-kv, etbm-Wnse hn. sFtd-\n-tbm-kv, ln¿t∏m-en-
‰-kv, Ip{]n-bm-t\m-kv, Ae-Ivkm-{¥n-bm-bnse hn.
¢oΩokv F∂n-h-scms° CS-°me {KŸ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw
D≤-cn-Wn-Ifpw Bi-b-ßfpw IS-sa-SpØn´p≠v.
F¥n-t\-sd, 1534 ¬ am¿´n≥ eq-Y¿ ]gb \nbaw
P¿Ω≥ `mj-bn-te°v ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mgpw CXc-˛-Im-t\m-\nI
{KŸ-ßsf Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂p F∂-
XmWv Ncn-{X-k-Xyw. 1611 se Cw•o-jn-ep≈ King James
Version epw XpS¿∂p≈ ]cn-`m-j-I-fnepw CXc ˛Im-t\m-
\nI {KŸ-߃ Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p. t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-Xpt]mse
1825 ¬ am{X-amWv 39 ]pkvX-I-߃ am{Xta
]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-ep-≠mhq F∂v t{]m´-Â v temIw iTn-
®-Xv. AXn\v ap≥]v CXc Imt\m-\nI {KŸ-ß-fn¬
Nne-Xns\ kw_-‘n®v NqtS-dnb N¿®-I-fpw, X¿°ßfpw
\ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂ Imcyw CØ-cp-W-
Øn¬ hnkva-cn-°p-∂n-√. F∂m¬ CsX√mw \S-∂Xv
t{]m´-Â v temIØv am{X-am-Wv. tdma≥ ItØm-en-°mk-`-bpw,
Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`°pw A∂pw C∂pw ]gb-\n-b-a-ambn
Icp-Xp-∂Xv {Ko°v `mj-bn-ep≈ ]cn-`mj
Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXn¬ tXm_n-Øv, bqZn-Øv, a°m-_n-b¿,
_mdq-°v, _mdm-kodm (Sirach) item-tams‚ hn⁄m\w
F∂n-hbpw Zm\n-tb¬ {]h-N-\-Øn-s‚bpw Ftÿ-dns‚bpw
hn]p-eo-I-cn® ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-am-Wp-≈-Xv. \ΩpsS
kpdn-bm\n thZ-]p-kvX-I-Ønepw (s]-jo-Øm) Cu {KŸßƒ
Dƒs∏-´n-´p-≠v. Nne \ho-I-c-W-°m¿ shfn-]mSv
]pkvXIw 22˛mw A≤ymbw 18˛mw hmIy-a-\p-k-cn®v 66
]pkvX-I-ß-fp≈ kXy-th-Z-]p-kvX-IsØ \ymbo-I-cn-
°p-hm≥ {ian-°m-dp-≠v. F∂m¬ Cu hmIyw B ]pkvX-
I-Øns‚ D≈-S-°sØ am{Xw _m[n-°p∂ Hcp ]cma¿i-am-Wv.
Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Xntbmtfm-Pn-°¬ skan-\m-cn, tIm´bw 37