Deepthi 2022

Zo]vXn 2022
F√m Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizm-kn-I-fp-sSbpw A[n-Im-c-
]-cn-[n-bp-≠v. GXm-bn-cp-∂mepw ]pcm-X\ Ae-Ivkm-{¥nb≥
]m{Xn-b¿t°-‰ns‚ ]n¥p-S¿® tIm]v‰nIv Hm¿ØtUmIvkv
k`-bn¬ \n∂pw F¥v Imc-W-Øns‚ t]cnem-sW-nepw
AS¿Øn am‰m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.
At¥ym-Iy-bnse ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰v
]pcm-X\ temI-Ønse hfsc {][m-\-s∏´ Hcp \Kc
tI{μ-am-bn-cp∂p At¥ym-Iy. AhnsS h®m-Wv, {]hr-
Øn-I-fpsS ]pkvXIw A\p-k-cn-®v, tbip-hns‚ A\pbm-bn-Isf
BZy-ambn {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ F∂v hnfn-®-Xv.
tdma≥ km{am-Py-Øns‚ hnim-e-amb Ing-°≥ {]hn-iybnepw
AXn-\-∏p-dhpw D≈ F√m {InkvXym-\n-I-sfbpw
Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp ]m{Xn-bm¿t°-‰ns‚ Bÿm-\-ambn
At¥ymIy amdn.
]mc-º-cy-a-\p-k-cn®v, sk‚ v ]o‰¿ BWv k` ÿm]n-
®-Xv. B \K-c-Ønse BZysØ _nj-∏p-am-bn-cp-∂p,
At±lw tdman-te°v t]mIp-∂-Xn\v apºv Xs∂ AhnsS
k` ÿm]n-®n-cp-∂p. \memw \q‰m-t≠m-sS, At¥ym-Iybnse
_nj∏v B[p-\nI Ing-°≥ Xp¿°n, se_-\≥,
C{km-tb¬, ]e-kvXo≥, kndn-b, tPm¿Zm≥, Cdm-Jv,
Cdm≥ F∂nh Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp taJ-e-bnse G‰hpw
apXn¿∂ _nj-∏mbn amdn. A°m-eØv Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂
temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb {InkvXy≥ kaq-l-Øn\v
At±-l-Øn\v A[n-Im-c-t{iWn tkhn-®p. At¥ym-Iybnse
kp∂-l-tZmkv tbmKw tN¿∂n-cp∂v Pqen-b≥ Zn
am¿´n-b-dns‚ t]cn-ep≈ _kn-en-°-bn-em-Wv. Ing-°≥
tdma≥ km{am-Py-Øns‚ Ah-km\ h¿j-ß-fn¬
tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏n-fnse tKm{X-]n-Xm-hn-\m¬ k`m-]-camb
A[n-Imcw \ng-en-s®-n-epw, At¥ym-Jy≥ ]m{Xnb¿°okv
Ing-°≥ tKm{X-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cn¬ G‰hpw kzX-
{¥\pw i‡\pw hniz-kvX\pw Bbn XpS¿∂p. At¥ym-
Jy≥ k` {InkvXy≥ ]T-\-Øns‚ tI{μ-am-bn-cp-∂p.
tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏nƒ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse sl√-\n-ÃnIv
kzm[o-\-ap≈ {IntÃm-f-Pn-bn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-am-bn,
d∫n-\nIv blq-Z-a-Xhpw a‰v skan-‰nIv Nn¥m-K-Xn-Ifpw
B‚n-tbm-Io≥ k`sb hf-sc-b-[nIw kzm[o-\n-®p.
451˛se Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v Im¬kn-tUm-Wns\
XpS¿∂p-≠mb {IntÃm-f-Pn-°¬ hnhm-Z-Z-߃, Iu¨knens\
AwKo-I-cn-®-hcpw \nc-kn-®-hcpw XΩn-ep≈ ]m{Xnb¿t°-‰n-\mbn
\o≠-t]m-cm-´-Øn¬ Iem-in-®p. 512˛¬,
Im¬kn-tUm-Wn-b-°mc√mØ-h¿ Hcp kn\Uv hnfn-®p-
Iq-´n-b-t∏mƒ, Cu {]iv\w D®-ÿm-bn-se-Øn, AXns‚
^e-ambn ^vtehn-b\pw (Im¬kn-tUm-Wn-b≥) am¿
tkth-dn-tbmkpw (t\m¨ Im¬kn-tUm-Wn-b≥) Ccp-]-
£sØ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kp-am¿ Bbn. skth-d-kns‚ Iognep≈
t\m¨-˛-Im¬kn-tUm-Wn-b-°m¿ HSp-hn¬ kndn-bIv
Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k` (Hm-dn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bpsS
`mK-am-Wv) F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sm≥ XpS-ßn, AXv
At¥ym-Iy-bnse kz¥w kpdn-bm\n tKm{X-]n-Xm-°-
∑msc \nb-an-°p-∂Xv XpS¿∂p. ]ncn-®p-hn-S¬ AwKo-I-cn-
°m≥ Im¬kn-tUm-Wn-b-°m¿ hnk-Ω-Xn-°q-Ibpw ]m{Xnb¿°okv
Bbn ^vemhn-bs\ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. 518˛¬, ^vemhn-bs‚ ac-Whpw At±-l-Øns‚
]n≥Km-an-bpsS \nb-a-\hpw aqew, Im¬kn-tUm-Wn-b≥
k` ss_k-ss‚≥ N¿®v Hm^v At¥ymIy F∂-dn-bs∏-´p.
a[y-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬, At¥ym-Iy-bnse ss_kss‚≥
N¿®v tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏n-fns\ IqSp-X¬ IqSp-
X¬ B{i-bn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-tXm-sS, AXv ss_kss‚≥
BNmcw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. tamtWm-^nssk-‰n-k-Øn\v
taep≈ B¥-cnI `n∂-X-Iƒ, 7˛mw
\q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ Bcw-`n® C…m-anI A[n-
\n-th-i-߃ aqew At¥ym-Iy≥ Ipe-]-Xn-bpsS k`m-
[n-Imcw km{ay-PnXz A[n-Im-c-Øn-s‚bpw ]n∂oSv C…manI
ta[m-hn-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw cmjv{So-b-Øn¬ IpSp-ßn.
IqSmsX 4, 6 \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ DS-\ofw henb `qI-ºßfpw
6˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ skmcm-kv{Sn-b≥ t]¿jy-°m-cpw,
]n∂oSv Ggmw \q‰m-≠nse ap…ow Ad-_n-I-fpw, ]n∂oSv
11˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ ap…ow sk¬Pq-°p-I-fpw, XpSßn
{InkvXy≥ hncp≤ B{I-a-W-ßfpw Dƒs∏sS \nc-h[n
{]IrXn Zpc-¥-߃ \K-csØ inYn-e-am-°n.
Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v Im¬kn-tUm-\ns‚ {]Xn-I-c-W߃
]m{Xn-bm¿t°-‰n¬ `n∂-X-bp-≠m-°n. Iu¨knens\
\ncm-I-cn® henb kwLw HSp-hn¬ kndn-b≥
Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv N¿®v cq]o-I-cn-®p. 1098˛¬ Ipcn-ip-bp-
≤-°m¿ At¥ymIy ]nSn-s®-SpØv kndn-b-bn¬ Hcp
em‰n≥ cmPyw ÿm]n-®p, AXv GI-tZiw c≠v \q‰m-
≠p-Iƒ \o≠p-\n-∂p. At¥ym-Iy-bnse Hcp em‰n≥
]m{Xn-bm¿t°‰v ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p, AtX kabw {Ko°v
]m{Xn-b¿°o-kp-I-fpsS Hcp \nc {]hm-k-Øn¬ XpS¿∂p.
1268˛¬ At¥ym-Iysb CuPn-]vjy≥ amsa-ep-°p-Iƒ
]nSn-®-S-°n-b-Xn\v tijw, {Ko°v ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kn\p B
{]tZ-i-tØ°v aS-ßm≥ Ign-p. At¥ymIy Xs∂
hf-sc-°mew apºv Hcp sNdnb ]´-W-ambn Npcp-ßn-b-
Xn-\m¬, 14˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ ]m{Xn-bm¿t°‰v ÿnc-ambn
Uam-kvI-kn-te°v am‰-s∏-´p. Cu {]tZiw 1517˛¬ Hmt´ma≥
Xp¿°n-Iƒ amsa-ep-°p-I-fn¬ \n∂v ]nSn-s®-Sp-Øp,
H∂mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Øns‚ Ah-km\w hsc CXv
Xp¿°n \nb-{¥-W-Øn¬ XpS¿∂p.
Pdp-k-te-anse ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰v
tbip-hn-s‚bpw Ahs‚ BZy injy-k-aq-l-Øns‚bpw
Pohn-X-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w IW-°n-se-Sp-°ptºmƒ,
Pdp-ktew F√m-bvt∏mgpw {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v
hfsc {]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. {InkvXy≥ hnizm-k-Øn\v
tdma≥ km{am-Py-Øn\v hym]-I-amb kzoIm-cyX e`n-®tXm-sS,
Pdp-k-te-ans‚ b»kpw hf¿∂p. {InkvXy≥
k`-I-fn¬ amXr-k-`-sb∂ _lp-am\w In´p-∂Xv Pdp-ite-anse
k`-bv°m-Wv. Xmc-X-tay\ sNdnb ]m{Sn-b¿t°-
‰m-bn-cp∂p Pdp-itew k`-bp-tS-Xv. A©mw \q‰m-≠n-emWv
Pdp-i-te-anse ]m{Sn-b¿t°‰v cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. {InkvXp-a-
X-Øn\v hfsc A\p-Iq-e-\m-bn-cp∂ tIm¨Ã≥ssS≥
N{I-h¿Øn \memw \q‰m-≠n¬ Nne ]pWy-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬
Kw`o-c-amb _kn-en-°-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-®p. CuPn-]vXn¬
Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Xntbmtfm-Pn-°¬ skan-\m-cn, tIm´bw 133