Deepthi 2022

Zo]vXn 2022
jm¬ {InkvXp-aXw {Ko°n\pw em‰n\pw D]-cn-bmbn a‰v
tdma-\n-Xc `mj-I-fnepw kwkvIm-c-ß-fnepw kzbw-Ir-
X-ambn XmZmflyw {]m]n-®p. blq-Zm-a-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw
hyXy-kvX-ambn hy‡-amb [mc-W-I-fp≈ kl-h¿Øn-
Xz-Øns‚ hn]p-e-amb Ncn-{X-K-Xn-I-fp≈ aX-amWv
{InkvXp-a-Xw. blq-Z-∑m-cpsS Hcp A\-¥c hn`mKw F∂-
√msX Hcp ]pXnb kaq-l-am-bn´v XpS-°-Øn¬ thdn´v
ImWp-hm≥ Ah¿°v Ign-n√. blq-Z≥am-cpsS t\m´-
Øn¬ blqZ {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hnizmk XymKn-Iƒ
am{Xw BWv. F∂m¬ hnPm-Xo-bcpw {InkvXp-a-X-Øn¬
tN¿∂-tXmsS {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ blq-Z-a-X-Øns‚ ]Snbn¬
\n∂pw amdn.
]m{Xn-bm¿t°-‰p-I-fpsS DZbw
ss\kn-b-bpsS tcJ-Iƒ sat{Sm-s]m-fn-‰≥am-sc-°pdn®v
t]mepw kwkm-cn-°p-∂n-√, ]t£ am‰-an-√m-sX.
tdmanse _nj-∏v, Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b-bnse _nj-∏v,
At¥ym-Iy-bnse _nj∏v F∂n-ßs\ am{Xw. F∂m¬
{]o ss\ky≥ Ime-L-´-Ønse ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ k`bn¬
t]mepw Hmtcm {]mtZ-inI k`bv°pw Hcp _nj∏v
D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. AXn\v Hcp Iq´w (F-√m-bvt∏mgpw 12
A√) {]nkvss_-‰¿amcpw Uo°≥amcpw (F-√m-bvt∏mgpw
7 A√) {]nkvss_-‰¿amcpw Uo°≥amcpw (F-√mbvt∏mgpw
7 A√) {]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂p. \memw \q‰m-≠ns‚
XpS-°-Øn¬ tdma≥ cmjv{Sw k`sb AwKo-I-cn-®-Xn\v
tij-amWv sa{Xm-t∏m-eo-Ø-bpsS ÿm]\w hcp-∂-Xv.
sa{Xm-t]m-eo-Ø≥ ÿm]-\sØ Ipdn®v {]o ss\ky≥
]cm-a¿i-߃ H∂pw Xs∂bn√.
bqkn-_n-bkv Xs‚ k`m-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ (]p-kvXIw
3) At∏m-kvtXm-enIv Hm^o-kn-te-°p≈ hnhn[ ]n¥p-
S¿®-Isf ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p. \K-c-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Ønem-Wv,
{]tZ-i-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e-√, GY≥knse
BZysØ _nj∏v Utbm-\n-jykv Zn Acn-tbm-]m-ssK‰v
BWv (H.E.III 4:10). tdmanse BZysØ _nj-∏mb en\-
kn\v (III:2 ), ]utem-kn-s‚bpw ]t{Xm-kn-s‚bpw c‡-
km-£n-Xz-Øn\v tijw "tdmam-°m-cpsS k`-bpsS
sa{Xm≥ ]Zhn' e`n-®p. Ct·-jy-kn\v apºv At¥ym-
Iy-bnse BZysØ _nj-∏m-bn-cp∂p bqthm-Un-b-kv.
Ae-Ivkm-{≠n-b-bnse BZysØ _nj∏v AΩn-bm-\-
kpw. Cu BZy _nj-∏p-am-cpsS F∏n-kvt∏‰v ImeØpw
hnip≤ tPm¨ At∏m-kvX-e≥ Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p,
F∂m¬ At±lw Ah-cpsS ta¬ bmsXmcp A[n-Imchpw
{]tbm-Kn-®n-´n-s√∂v a\- n-em-°mw. bm{X-bp-sSbpw
Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-s‚bpw _p≤n-ap-´p-Iƒ IW-°n-se-
Sp-°p-tºmƒ, AØcw A[n-Imcw {]tbm-Kn-°m≥ At±l-Øn\v
Xo¿®-bmbpw Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. butk-_ntbm-kns‚
A`n-{]m-b-Øn¬ hn. tbml-∂m≥ «ol
kvan¿W-bnepw lndm-t∏m-fo-knepw Ft^-tkm-knepw
k©-cn®v _nj-∏p-amsc \nb-an-®n-cp-∂p. t]mfn-°m¿∏pw
]m∏n-bmkpw Ah-cn¬ {][m-\n-I-fm-Wv.
{InkvXy≥ k`-bnse ]m{Xn-b¿t°-‰ns‚ ÿm]\w
Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v Im¬kn-tUm-Wn\pw (451), PÃo-\nb≥
N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS (483˛565) \nb-a-߃°pw apºp≈
Ncn{X tcJ-I-fnepw ImWm≥ Ign-bn-√. F Un 529 emWv
PÃo-\n-b≥ N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS (483˛565) \nb-a-߃°pw
apºp≈ Ncn{X tcJ-I-fnepw ImWm≥ Ign-bn-√. F Un
529 emWv PÃo-\n-b≥ tImUv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv. 534
apX¬ Bcw-`n-°p∂ PÃo-\n-b≥ tImUns‚ ]pXp-°nb
]Xn-∏n-te°v am{Xta C∂v \ap°v {]th-i-\-ap-≈q. Cu
`mK-Øn¬ 5, 6 \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v
Im¬kn-UWpw PÃo-\n-b≥ N{I-h¿Ønbpw tN¿∂v \S-
Ønb {InkvXy≥ ]m{Xn-bm¿t°‰v ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-te°v
\S-Ønb {ia-ßfpw ]n∂oSv D≠mb AXns‚ hnIm-kßfpw
{lkz-ambn H∂v kw{K-ln-°m≥ {ian-°mw. I¬°tZm-∂nb
kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ h®v BZy-ambn ]m{Xnb¿°okv
F∂ \maw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. \nbaw 3
entbmsb ]m{Sn-bm¿° Hm^v t{K‰v tdmw F∂v hnfn-°p-
∂p. F∂m¬ k`m Ncn-{X-Im-c-\mb tkm{I-´okv ]dbp∂p
Nne {]apJ _nj-∏p-am¿°v Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v
IpkvX-¥o-t\mkv t]meo-kn\pw Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v
Fs^-tkm-kn\pw CSbv°v Cu \maw _lp-am-\-
]pckcw D]-tbm-Kn-®p-Xp-S-ßn (Hist.Eccl. Lib 5. Ch. 8). C∂v
]uckvXy k`-bpsS aq∂v imJ-I-fnepw ]m{Xn-bm¿t°‰v
\ne-hn-ep-≠v, (F) tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏nƒ, Ae-Ivkm-{≠nb,
Pdp-k-tew, tamkvtIm, _ƒtK-dn-b, sk¿_n-b,
sdmam-\nb tPm¿Pn-b. (_n) Hmdn-b‚¬ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv
k`-I-fn¬, AXm-bXv CuPn-]vXv, kndn-b, FtXm-∏n-b,
A¥n-tbm-Jy, C¥y, A¿an-\nb, (kn) N¿®v Hm^v Zn
CuÃv (_m-KvZm-Znse ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv).
tdmanse ]m{Xn-b¿t°‰v
tdmapw a‰v \mev ]uckvXy Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]m{Xnb¿t°-‰p-Ifpw
(tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏nƒ, Ae-Ivkm-{≠nb,
At¥ym-Iy, Pdp-k-tew) At∏m-kvtXm-enI ]mc-ºcy-Øn¬
Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. AXm-bXv ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn At∏mkvX-e-∑m-cn¬
Hcmtfm kphn-ti-j-Itcm Ah-cpsS BZy
_nj-∏mbn D≠m-bn-cp∂p: bYm-{Iaw ]t{Xm-kv,
B≥{Uq, am¿°v, ]t{Xm-kv, sPbnwkv F∂n-h¿. \nJym
Iu¨kn¬ apX¬, tdmanse _nj∏v tKm{X-]n-Xm-°-
∑m-cn¬ H∂m-a-\mbn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. B
Iu¨kn¬ Cu kq{] ˛sa-t{Sm-s]m-fn-‰≥ ]Z-hn-bn¬
\n∂v aq∂v _nj-∏p-amsc \nb-an®p: tdmw, Ae-Ivkm-{≠nb,
At¥ym-Iy. Npcp-°-Øn¬ PÃn-\n-b≥ H∂m-a≥
]n∂oSv cq]o-I-cn® s]‚m¿°n-bn¬, IrXy-amb A[n-Imc
hn`-P\w \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v apºv tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\m-∏n-fn\v
kao-]-ap≈ t{Xkv {]tZiw Hgn-sI-bp≈ ss{IkvX-hh¬°-cn-°-s∏´
bqtdm∏v apgp-h\pw (G-Xm≠v B[p-\nI
{Kokpw Dƒs∏-sS) tdmanse _nj-∏ns\ N{I-h¿Øn Hcp
tKm{X-]n-Xm-hmbn \nb-an-®p. Icn--S-ens‚ Xoc-Øpw.
hSt° B{^n-°-bpsS ]Sn-m-d≥ `mKhpw At±lw
Cu ]m{Xn-bm¿t°-‰n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn. AtXmsSm∏w k`bpsS
sFIysØ _m[n-°p∂ Hcp Xocp-am-\hpw "]cnip≤
am¿∏m-∏-bp-sSbpw ]pcm-X\ tdmanse ]m{Xn-b¿°okn-s‚bpw
Bio¿hmZw IqSm-sX, FSp-°-cp-sX∂v AXv
Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Xntbmtfm-Pn-°¬ skan-\m-cn, tIm´bw 129