Chapter 4 - DSpace at Waseda University

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Chapter 1 functions or equipped with its own OS. For these innovations, people prefer to use a smartphones, and the role of smartphone is increasing, substituting for computers. In terms of hardware, there is the Moore's Law, which is one of the most important laws in history of computer hardware. Moore's law describes a long-term trend in the history of computing hardware, in which the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit double approximately every two years. Although the Moore's law has satisfied in the past several decades, these days it seems to be at a breaking point. Over the past year the efficiency of semiconductor manufacturing has greatly increased, and the internal structure of semiconductor has also become much integrated. Therefore there is only some possibility to make it more integrated. On the other hand, software has a lot of development potential. Even the same hardware, a developer can set up different kinds of software in it. Moreover, even the same software, depends on the developer, the performance [4] and occurred errors are different. Therefore, the software is becoming important as time goes by. In general, software consists of OS, middleware and application. Because each group has different features and functions, every group is much important as itself. However, OS is remarkably important since it controls and manages all the hardware on embedded systems to keep running applications without any problems. Therefore, it is the fundamental of computer science. Many OSes such as Unix, Linux and Windows are currently used in personal computers. And, there are many OSes for embedded systems, too. For example, there is Android [53] from Google, iOS4 [54] from Apple, embedded Windows from Microsoft and embedded Linux. Especially, embedded Linux has been widely 2
3 Chapter 1 used because it retains many powerful features of general Linux – multi-tasking, a variety of network environments, different types of file systems, system scalability and it is also provided for free. However, embedded systems compared with the general systems have a disadvantage. For example, there are not enough skilled developers and many constraints on hardware. And then, a market of embedded systems wants the fast development cycle but it is hard because of the lack of skilled developers. These days embedded systems became one of the most important areas on all the industries. Therefore, debugging [55] a various problems and improving the performance of embedded systems also will be an important area in the short future. 1.1 Motivation Recently in many fields, embedded OSes have been used such as home appliances and mobile phones or PDA. There are important reasons why embedded OSes are using widely. In general-purpose OS a user needs to perform the various functions, but in an embedded OS a user needs to perform only the minimum required functions. Therefore, using only minimal resources to configure the system make the cost lower. Moreover, embedded OSes are usually made by a specific purpose. For example, Satellite or missile control needs the stability of a real time system. In this case, an embedded system such as real-time operating system (RTOS) [14] is suitable rather than a general-purpose OS. Some people think that the development of an embedded system can be faster than that of a general system. However, we should not only focus on rapid application development (RAD) of Software Engineering. Fast development can be great, but sometimes it causes
Page 1: Analyzing Real-Time Performance Pro
Page 4 and 5: to propose a solution for the probl
Page 6 and 7: 2.5 Event Log …………………
Page 8 and 9: 6. Conclusions and Future Work 6.1
Page 10 and 11: List of Figures 2.1 User-space vs.
Page 12 and 13: 5.12: One of the reasons of HRTimer
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Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1 1.3 Contribution When dev
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Page 22 and 23: Chapter 2 memory and to manage syst
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 2 2.3 Embedded Linux An emb
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 2 � How often CPU accesse
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Page 44 and 45: Chapter 3 Figure 3.6: Event logging
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Page 56 and 57: Chapter 4 4.2.2 Separation Layer Fi
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Chapter 4 possible to event logging
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Chapter 4 KAS’s dependency with L
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Chapter 5 5.1 Timer Latency When a
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Chapter 5 mode [31]. In opposite, p
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Chapter 5 Figure 5.4 shows the inte
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Chapter 5 latency. Figure 5.5 shows
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Chapter 5 Figure 5.6 Interface of s
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Chapter 5 Table 5.1: Result of Dete
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Chapter 5 Table 5.2: Result of Anal
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Chapter 5 most of time. Especially,
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Chapter 5 Figure 5.13: Result of an
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Chapter 5 Figure 5.16: Result of ex
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Chapter 5 5.6 Summary We analyzed l
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Chapter 6 In embedded systems, ther
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Chapter 6 Figure 6.1: Real-Time Arc
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Appendix A.1 RTOS Commonly, a goal
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Appendix software, real-time OS mus
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Appendix critical task and non-crit
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Appendix � Portability CABI shoul
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Bibliography [1] L. Abeni, A. Goel,
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Bibliography [21] C. Yuan, N. Lao,
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Bibliography [38] Magdalena Balazin
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Bibliography [56] Balakrishnan, S.;
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Acknowledgements I would firstly li
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