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CHAPTER<br />

4<br />

EXTERNAL GROUNDING (EARTHING) 4<br />

This chapter provides requirements <strong>and</strong> <strong>guidelines</strong> <strong>for</strong> designing <strong>and</strong> installing the external<br />

grounding (earthing) electrode system at a <strong>communication</strong>s site.<br />

This chapter provides in<strong>for</strong>mation on the following topics:<br />

• “Lightning Activity <strong>and</strong> Exposure” on page 4-3<br />

• “Common Grounding (Earthing)” on page 4-5<br />

• “Grounding (Earthing) Electrode System Component <strong>and</strong> Installation Requirements” on<br />

page 4-7<br />

• “Dissimilar Metals <strong>and</strong> Corrosion Control” on page 4-34<br />

• “Bonding to the External Grounding (Earthing) Electrode System” on page 4-40<br />

• “Minimum Site Grounding (Earthing) Requirements” on page 4-44<br />

• “Grounding (Earthing) Roof-Mounted Antenna Masts <strong>and</strong> Metal Support Structures” on<br />

page 4-74<br />

• “Grounding (Earthing) Rooftop Mounted Tower Structures” on page 4-79<br />

• “Special Grounding (Earthing) Applications” on page 4-81<br />

• “Special Grounding (Earthing) Situations” on page 4-88<br />

NOTE: Throughout this chapter the terms grounding <strong>and</strong> earthing are used synonymously.<br />

4.1 INTRODUCTION<br />

The requirements <strong>and</strong> <strong>guidelines</strong> in this chapter are derived from a compilation of local <strong>and</strong><br />

national codes, widely accepted industry codes <strong>and</strong> <strong>st<strong>and</strong>ards</strong>, <strong>and</strong> good engineering practices.<br />

Such codes <strong>and</strong> <strong>st<strong>and</strong>ards</strong> are from, but not limited to, the following <strong>st<strong>and</strong>ards</strong> organizations:<br />

• Alliance <strong>for</strong> Tele<strong>communication</strong>s Industry Solutions (ATIS)<br />

• American National St<strong>and</strong>ards Institute (ANSI)<br />

• Australian St<strong>and</strong>ards ® (AS)<br />

• British St<strong>and</strong>ards Institution (BS)<br />

• International Association of Electrical Inspectors (IAEI)<br />

• International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)<br />

• Institute of Electrical <strong>and</strong> Electronics Engineers (IEEE)<br />

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)<br />

• Tele<strong>communication</strong>s Industry Association (TIA)<br />

• Underwriters Laboratories (UL)<br />

• United States Department of Defence (DoD)<br />

• United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)<br />

• United States National Weather Service<br />

68P81089E50-B 9/1/05 4-1

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