standards and guidelines for communication sites - Radio And ...
standards and guidelines for communication sites - Radio And ... standards and guidelines for communication sites - Radio And ...
Chapter 5. Internal Grounding (Earthing) ..................................................... 5-1 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Common Grounding (Earthing) ................................................................................................... 5-3 5.3 Grounding (Earthing) System Components and Installation Requirements ............................... 5-4 5.3.1 Master Ground (Earth) Bus Bar .......................................................................................... 5-9 5.3.2 Sub System Ground (Earth) Bus Bar ............................................................................... 5-15 5.3.3 Rack Ground (Earth) Bus Bar .......................................................................................... 5-20 5.3.4 Grounding (Earthing) Conductors .................................................................................... 5-20 5.3.5 Ground (Earth) Bus Conductors ....................................................................................... 5-24 5.3.6 Communication Bonding Backbone Conductor and Grounding (Earthing) Equalizer Conductors .............................................................................................................. 5-25 5.3.7 Internal Perimeter Ground (Earth) Bus Conductors ......................................................... 5-28 5.3.8 Equipment Grounding (Earthing) Conductors .................................................................. 5-29 5.3.9 Bonding Jumpers ............................................................................................................. 5-30 5.4 Connection Methods for Internal Grounding (Earthing) System ............................................... 5-31 5.4.1 General Bonding Requirements ....................................................................................... 5-31 5.4.2 Bonding to Equipment and Ancillary Support Apparatus ................................................. 5-34 5.4.3 Bonding to the MGB, SSGB And RGB ............................................................................. 5-36 5.4.4 Bonding to Ground (Earth) Bus Conductors ..................................................................... 5-38 5.4.5 Bonding to Communication Bonding Backbone Conductors and Grounding (Earthing) Equalizer Conductors ............................................................................................. 5-39 5.5 Bonding Equipment to Internal Grounding (Earthing) System .................................................. 5-40 5.5.1 Equipment and Ancillary Support Apparatus Bonding ..................................................... 5-41 5.6 Grounding (Earthing) for Stand-alone Equipment Shelters ...................................................... 5-54 5.6.1 Installation Requirements for Stand-Alone Shelters ......................................................... 5-55 5.7 Grounding (Earthing) for Small, Large, and Multi-Story Buildings ............................................ 5-58 5.7.1 Establishing a Communication Grounding (Earthing) System ......................................... 5-58 5.7.2 Specifications for Conductors ........................................................................................... 5-59 5.7.3 Bonding Connections for the MGB ................................................................................... 5-60 5.7.4 Bonding Connections for the SSGB ................................................................................. 5-60 5.7.5 Items to be Bonded to the Internal Ground (Earth) System ............................................. 5-61 5.8 Grounding (Earthing) for Dispatch Centers and Network Operator Positions .......................... 5-62 5.8.1 Grounding (Earthing) and Protection of Incoming Power and Telecommunication Cables ..................................................................................................... 5-63 5.8.2 Grounding (Earthing) of Equipment Rooms Located Within the Dispatch Center ............ 5-63 5.8.3 Grounding (Earthing) and Protection of Network Operator Positions and Work Areas .... 5-64 5.9 Grounding (Earthing) for Integrated Communication Sites ....................................................... 5-68 IV 68P81089E50-B 9/1/05
STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR COMMUNICATION SITES Chapter 6. Power Sources ............................................................................. 6-1 6.1 Lockout/Tagout ...........................................................................................................................6-1 6.2 AC Power ....................................................................................................................................6-1 6.2.1 Electrical Service ................................................................................................................6-2 6.2.2 Location of Neutral-Ground Bond .......................................................................................6-4 6.2.3 Separately Derived Systems Using Transformers ..............................................................6-5 6.2.4 Interior Electric ....................................................................................................................6-6 6.2.5 Power Panels .....................................................................................................................6-7 6.2.6 Circuit Protection ................................................................................................................6-8 6.2.7 Conductors .........................................................................................................................6-9 6.2.8 Conduit ...............................................................................................................................6-9 6.2.9 Hardwiring of Equipment and Dedicated Receptacles .....................................................6-10 6.2.10 Receptacles ....................................................................................................................6-10 6.2.11 Receptacle Strips ...........................................................................................................6-11 6.3 Power Quality ............................................................................................................................6-11 6.3.1 Fundamentals of Power Quality .......................................................................................6-12 6.3.2 Common Causes of Power Quality Problems ..................................................................6-12 6.3.3 Common Effects of Power Quality Problems ...................................................................6-15 6.3.4 Common Power Quality Problem Remedies ....................................................................6-16 6.3.5 Power Quality Testing Thresholds ....................................................................................6-17 6.3.6 Steps to Developing a Power Quality Plan .......................................................................6-17 6.3.7 General Recommendations to Help Promote Good Power Quality ..................................6-18 6.3.8 Power Quality Testing Locations ......................................................................................6-18 6.3.9 Power Quality Testing Duration ........................................................................................6-19 6.4 Rectifier/DC Power Systems .....................................................................................................6-19 6.4.1 Rectifier System Requirements ........................................................................................6-19 6.4.2 DC Distribution .................................................................................................................6-21 6.4.3 Low Voltage Disconnect ...................................................................................................6-21 6.4.4 Overcurrent Protection .....................................................................................................6-21 6.4.5 Power Cabling Capacity ...................................................................................................6-21 6.4.6 Floor And Ceiling Runs, Plenum Grade And Risers Cabling ............................................6-22 6.4.7 DC Power Budget .............................................................................................................6-23 6.5 Uninterruptible Power Supplies .................................................................................................6-24 6.5.1 Determining UPS Output Requirements ...........................................................................6-24 6.6 Alternate Power Sources ..........................................................................................................6-25 6.6.1 System Planning ...............................................................................................................6-25 6.6.2 Requirements ...................................................................................................................6-26 6.6.3 Installation ........................................................................................................................6-27 6.6.4 Maintenance .....................................................................................................................6-27 6.7 Battery Systems ........................................................................................................................6-27 6.7.1 Battery Safety ...................................................................................................................6-28 6.7.2 Battery Containment Area ................................................................................................6-30 6.7.3 Battery Backup Duration ...................................................................................................6-31 6.7.4 Battery Sizing ...................................................................................................................6-32 6.7.5 Battery Rating ...................................................................................................................6-32 6.7.6 Multiple Battery Strings .....................................................................................................6-32 6.7.7 Battery Charging ...............................................................................................................6-33 6.7.8 Battery Temperature Requirements .................................................................................6-33 6.7.9 Battery Installation ............................................................................................................6-34 6.7.10 Battery Maintenance Disconnect ....................................................................................6-35 6.8 Standby Generator Systems .....................................................................................................6-35 68P81089E50-B 9/1/05 V
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STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR COMMUNICATION SITES<br />
Chapter 6. Power Sources ............................................................................. 6-1<br />
6.1 Lockout/Tagout ...........................................................................................................................6-1<br />
6.2 AC Power ....................................................................................................................................6-1<br />
6.2.1 Electrical Service ................................................................................................................6-2<br />
6.2.2 Location of Neutral-Ground Bond .......................................................................................6-4<br />
6.2.3 Separately Derived Systems Using Trans<strong>for</strong>mers ..............................................................6-5<br />
6.2.4 Interior Electric ....................................................................................................................6-6<br />
6.2.5 Power Panels .....................................................................................................................6-7<br />
6.2.6 Circuit Protection ................................................................................................................6-8<br />
6.2.7 Conductors .........................................................................................................................6-9<br />
6.2.8 Conduit ...............................................................................................................................6-9<br />
6.2.9 Hardwiring of Equipment <strong>and</strong> Dedicated Receptacles .....................................................6-10<br />
6.2.10 Receptacles ....................................................................................................................6-10<br />
6.2.11 Receptacle Strips ...........................................................................................................6-11<br />
6.3 Power Quality ............................................................................................................................6-11<br />
6.3.1 Fundamentals of Power Quality .......................................................................................6-12<br />
6.3.2 Common Causes of Power Quality Problems ..................................................................6-12<br />
6.3.3 Common Effects of Power Quality Problems ...................................................................6-15<br />
6.3.4 Common Power Quality Problem Remedies ....................................................................6-16<br />
6.3.5 Power Quality Testing Thresholds ....................................................................................6-17<br />
6.3.6 Steps to Developing a Power Quality Plan .......................................................................6-17<br />
6.3.7 General Recommendations to Help Promote Good Power Quality ..................................6-18<br />
6.3.8 Power Quality Testing Locations ......................................................................................6-18<br />
6.3.9 Power Quality Testing Duration ........................................................................................6-19<br />
6.4 Rectifier/DC Power Systems .....................................................................................................6-19<br />
6.4.1 Rectifier System Requirements ........................................................................................6-19<br />
6.4.2 DC Distribution .................................................................................................................6-21<br />
6.4.3 Low Voltage Disconnect ...................................................................................................6-21<br />
6.4.4 Overcurrent Protection .....................................................................................................6-21<br />
6.4.5 Power Cabling Capacity ...................................................................................................6-21<br />
6.4.6 Floor <strong>And</strong> Ceiling Runs, Plenum Grade <strong>And</strong> Risers Cabling ............................................6-22<br />
6.4.7 DC Power Budget .............................................................................................................6-23<br />
6.5 Uninterruptible Power Supplies .................................................................................................6-24<br />
6.5.1 Determining UPS Output Requirements ...........................................................................6-24<br />
6.6 Alternate Power Sources ..........................................................................................................6-25<br />
6.6.1 System Planning ...............................................................................................................6-25<br />
6.6.2 Requirements ...................................................................................................................6-26<br />
6.6.3 Installation ........................................................................................................................6-27<br />
6.6.4 Maintenance .....................................................................................................................6-27<br />
6.7 Battery Systems ........................................................................................................................6-27<br />
6.7.1 Battery Safety ...................................................................................................................6-28<br />
6.7.2 Battery Containment Area ................................................................................................6-30<br />
6.7.3 Battery Backup Duration ...................................................................................................6-31<br />
6.7.4 Battery Sizing ...................................................................................................................6-32<br />
6.7.5 Battery Rating ...................................................................................................................6-32<br />
6.7.6 Multiple Battery Strings .....................................................................................................6-32<br />
6.7.7 Battery Charging ...............................................................................................................6-33<br />
6.7.8 Battery Temperature Requirements .................................................................................6-33<br />
6.7.9 Battery Installation ............................................................................................................6-34<br />
6.7.10 Battery Maintenance Disconnect ....................................................................................6-35<br />
6.8 St<strong>and</strong>by Generator Systems .....................................................................................................6-35<br />
68P81089E50-B 9/1/05 V
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