standards and guidelines for communication sites - Radio And ...
standards and guidelines for communication sites - Radio And ... standards and guidelines for communication sites - Radio And ...
Chapter 3. Communication Site Building Design and Installation ............. 3-1 3.1 Site Categories ........................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Definitions of Communications Equipment Sites ........................................................................ 3-2 3.3 Building/shelter Design and Location Considerations ................................................................ 3-5 3.3.1 Location Considerations ..................................................................................................... 3-7 3.3.2 Equipment Shelter Off-Loading .......................................................................................... 3-7 3.3.3 Seismic Considerations ...................................................................................................... 3-8 3.4 Foundation Considerations ......................................................................................................... 3-8 3.5 Floor Loading .............................................................................................................................. 3-9 3.6 Ceilings and Floors ................................................................................................................... 3-10 3.6.1 Ceilings ............................................................................................................................. 3-10 3.6.2 Floors ............................................................................................................................... 3-11 3.7 Weatherproofing/Sealing .......................................................................................................... 3-11 3.7.1 Transmission Line Entry Ports ......................................................................................... 3-11 3.7.2 Sealing of Buildings and Shelters ..................................................................................... 3-13 3.8 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning ................................................................................ 3-13 3.8.1 HVAC Design Considerations .......................................................................................... 3-14 3.9 Special Considerations for Telephone Central Offices and Switch Rooms .............................. 3-17 3.9.1 Lightning Damage Prevention .......................................................................................... 3-17 3.9.2 Power Source Protection .................................................................................................. 3-17 3.9.3 Central Office Layout ........................................................................................................ 3-17 3.10 Cable Trays ............................................................................................................................ 3-18 3.10.1 Cable Tray Selection ...................................................................................................... 3-18 3.10.2 Cable Management under Raised Floors ....................................................................... 3-19 3.10.3 Wire-mesh Cable Trays .................................................................................................. 3-19 3.10.4 Cable Tray Layout And Design ...................................................................................... 3-20 3.10.5 Cable Tray Installation .................................................................................................... 3-21 3.10.6 Cable Tray Safety Considerations .................................................................................. 3-22 3.11 Lighting ................................................................................................................................... 3-22 3.11.1 General Interior Lighting Specifications .......................................................................... 3-22 3.11.2 Interior Lighting Quality .................................................................................................. 3-22 3.11.3 Emergency Interior Lighting ........................................................................................... 3-23 3.11.4 Exterior Lighting ............................................................................................................. 3-23 3.12 Fire Protection/Safety ............................................................................................................. 3-23 3.12.1 Reference Publications .................................................................................................. 3-24 3.12.2 Training and Proper Usage ............................................................................................ 3-24 3.12.3 Minimum Required Fire Extinguishers ........................................................................... 3-24 3.12.4 Required Standards for Portable Fire Extinguishers ...................................................... 3-25 3.12.5 Fire Extinguisher Installation .......................................................................................... 3-25 3.12.6 Fixed Fire Detection, Alarm, and Suppression Systems ................................................ 3-26 3.12.7 Warning Signs ................................................................................................................ 3-27 3.12.8 Power Sources ............................................................................................................... 3-28 3.12.9 Fixed Systems Comparison ........................................................................................... 3-28 3.13 Safety Equipment ................................................................................................................... 3-29 3.13.1 First Aid Kit ..................................................................................................................... 3-30 3.13.2 Typical Battery Safety Kit ...............................................................................................3-30 3.14 On Site Communications ........................................................................................................ 3-30 3.15 Signage ................................................................................................................................... 3-31 3.15.1 Minimum Required Signage ........................................................................................... 3-31 3.15.2 Additional Signage ......................................................................................................... 3-32 II 68P81089E50-B 9/1/05
STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR COMMUNICATION SITES Chapter 4. External Grounding (Earthing) .................................................... 4-1 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................4-1 4.2 Lightning Activity and Exposure ..................................................................................................4-3 4.3 Common Grounding (Earthing) ...................................................................................................4-5 4.4 Grounding (Earthing) Electrode System Component and Installation Requirements .................4-7 4.4.1 Grounding (Earthing) Electrodes ........................................................................................4-9 4.4.2 Grounding (Earthing) Conductors .....................................................................................4-28 4.4.3 External Ground Bus Bar ..................................................................................................4-30 4.5 Dissimilar Metals and Corrosion Control ...................................................................................4-34 4.5.1 Corrosion Related to Soil Type .........................................................................................4-34 4.5.2 Galvanic Corrosion ...........................................................................................................4-36 4.5.3 Miscellaneous General Information ..................................................................................4-38 4.5.4 Methods To Help Reduce Corrosion ................................................................................4-38 4.6 Bonding to the External Grounding (Earthing) Electrode System .............................................4-40 4.6.1 Requirements ...................................................................................................................4-40 4.6.2 Bonding Methods ..............................................................................................................4-41 4.7 Minimum Site Grounding (Earthing) Requirements ..................................................................4-44 4.7.1 Type “A” Site - Light Duty .................................................................................................4-44 4.7.2 Type “B” Site - Standard Duty ..........................................................................................4-45 4.7.3 Special Grounding (Earthing) Situations ..........................................................................4-45 4.7.4 Grounding (Earthing) Electrode System Resistance Requirements .................................4-46 4.7.5 Type “A” Site Grounding (Earthing) ..................................................................................4-48 4.7.6 Tower Grounding (Earthing) .............................................................................................4-50 4.7.7 Dedicated Communications Building Grounding (Earthing) .............................................4-59 4.7.8 Outdoor Cabinet Grounding (Earthing) .............................................................................4-61 4.7.9 RF Transmission Line and Preamplifier Grounding (Earthing) .........................................4-62 4.7.10 Metallic Objects Requiring Bonding ................................................................................4-67 4.7.11 Metallic Building Siding Grounding (Earthing) ................................................................4-74 4.8 Grounding (Earthing) Roof-Mounted Antenna Masts and Metal Support Structures ................4-74 4.8.1 Side Mounted Antenna Grounding (Earthing) ..................................................................4-77 4.9 Grounding (Earthing) Rooftop Mounted Tower Structures .......................................................4-79 4.10 Special Grounding (Earthing) Applications .............................................................................4-81 4.10.1 External Grounding (Earthing) For Dispatch Centers Co-located With Communications Towers ................................................................................................4-81 4.10.2 Two or More Electrically Interconnected Separate Buildings Located in the Same General Area .......................................................................................................4-83 4.10.3 Access Point and Wireless Router Grounding (Earthing) ...............................................4-84 4.10.4 Metal Shipping Containers Used As Communications Buildings ...................................4-87 4.10.5 Grounding (Earthing) Electrode Systems Covered by Concrete or Asphalt ...................4-88 4.11 Special Grounding (Earthing) Situations .................................................................................4-88 4.11.1 Rooftop and Integrated Communications Sites ..............................................................4-89 4.11.2 Sites With Limited Space for the Grounding (Earthing) Electrode System .....................4-90 4.11.3 Towers With Limited Space For A Ground Ring .............................................................4-92 4.11.4 Stone Mountain Tops .....................................................................................................4-92 4.11.5 Sand, Coral, or Limestone Environments .......................................................................4-96 4.11.6 Shallow Topsoil Environments .......................................................................................4-97 4.11.7 Grounding (Earthing) in Arctic Regions ..........................................................................4-99 68P81089E50-B 9/1/05 III
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Chapter 3. Communication Site Building Design <strong>and</strong> Installation ............. 3-1<br />
3.1 Site Categories ........................................................................................................................... 3-1<br />
3.2 Definitions of Communications Equipment Sites ........................................................................ 3-2<br />
3.3 Building/shelter Design <strong>and</strong> Location Considerations ................................................................ 3-5<br />
3.3.1 Location Considerations ..................................................................................................... 3-7<br />
3.3.2 Equipment Shelter Off-Loading .......................................................................................... 3-7<br />
3.3.3 Seismic Considerations ...................................................................................................... 3-8<br />
3.4 Foundation Considerations ......................................................................................................... 3-8<br />
3.5 Floor Loading .............................................................................................................................. 3-9<br />
3.6 Ceilings <strong>and</strong> Floors ................................................................................................................... 3-10<br />
3.6.1 Ceilings ............................................................................................................................. 3-10<br />
3.6.2 Floors ............................................................................................................................... 3-11<br />
3.7 Weatherproofing/Sealing .......................................................................................................... 3-11<br />
3.7.1 Transmission Line Entry Ports ......................................................................................... 3-11<br />
3.7.2 Sealing of Buildings <strong>and</strong> Shelters ..................................................................................... 3-13<br />
3.8 Heating, Ventilation, <strong>and</strong> Air Conditioning ................................................................................ 3-13<br />
3.8.1 HVAC Design Considerations .......................................................................................... 3-14<br />
3.9 Special Considerations <strong>for</strong> Telephone Central Offices <strong>and</strong> Switch Rooms .............................. 3-17<br />
3.9.1 Lightning Damage Prevention .......................................................................................... 3-17<br />
3.9.2 Power Source Protection .................................................................................................. 3-17<br />
3.9.3 Central Office Layout ........................................................................................................ 3-17<br />
3.10 Cable Trays ............................................................................................................................ 3-18<br />
3.10.1 Cable Tray Selection ...................................................................................................... 3-18<br />
3.10.2 Cable Management under Raised Floors ....................................................................... 3-19<br />
3.10.3 Wire-mesh Cable Trays .................................................................................................. 3-19<br />
3.10.4 Cable Tray Layout <strong>And</strong> Design ...................................................................................... 3-20<br />
3.10.5 Cable Tray Installation .................................................................................................... 3-21<br />
3.10.6 Cable Tray Safety Considerations .................................................................................. 3-22<br />
3.11 Lighting ................................................................................................................................... 3-22<br />
3.11.1 General Interior Lighting Specifications .......................................................................... 3-22<br />
3.11.2 Interior Lighting Quality .................................................................................................. 3-22<br />
3.11.3 Emergency Interior Lighting ........................................................................................... 3-23<br />
3.11.4 Exterior Lighting ............................................................................................................. 3-23<br />
3.12 Fire Protection/Safety ............................................................................................................. 3-23<br />
3.12.1 Reference Publications .................................................................................................. 3-24<br />
3.12.2 Training <strong>and</strong> Proper Usage ............................................................................................ 3-24<br />
3.12.3 Minimum Required Fire Extinguishers ........................................................................... 3-24<br />
3.12.4 Required St<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>for</strong> Portable Fire Extinguishers ...................................................... 3-25<br />
3.12.5 Fire Extinguisher Installation .......................................................................................... 3-25<br />
3.12.6 Fixed Fire Detection, Alarm, <strong>and</strong> Suppression Systems ................................................ 3-26<br />
3.12.7 Warning Signs ................................................................................................................ 3-27<br />
3.12.8 Power Sources ............................................................................................................... 3-28<br />
3.12.9 Fixed Systems Comparison ........................................................................................... 3-28<br />
3.13 Safety Equipment ................................................................................................................... 3-29<br />
3.13.1 First Aid Kit ..................................................................................................................... 3-30<br />
3.13.2 Typical Battery Safety Kit ...............................................................................................3-30<br />
3.14 On Site Communications ........................................................................................................ 3-30<br />
3.15 Signage ................................................................................................................................... 3-31<br />
3.15.1 Minimum Required Signage ........................................................................................... 3-31<br />
3.15.2 Additional Signage ......................................................................................................... 3-32<br />
II 68P81089E50-B 9/1/05
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